Levonorgestrel cyclobutylcarboxylate explained

Levonorgestrel cyclobutylcarboxylate (or levonorgestrel 17β-cyclobutylcarboxylate; developmental code name HRP-001) is a progestin and a progestogen ester which was studied for potential use as an injectable hormonal contraceptive but was never marketed.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]} It was developed by the World Health Organization's Special Programme on Human Reproduction in the 1980s. Analogues of levonorgestrel cyclobutylcarboxylate include levonorgestrel butanoate (HRP-002) and levonorgestrel cyclopropylcarboxylate (HRP-003).

See also

• List of progestogen esters § Esters of 19-nortestosterone derivatives
• Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive

Notes and References

1. Benagiano G, Merialdi M . 2011 . Carl Djerassi and the World Health Organisation special programme of research in human reproduction. . Journal für Reproduktionsmedizin und Endokrinologie-Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Endocrinology . 8 . 1 . 10–13 .
2. Garza-Flores J, Hall PE, Perez-Palacios G . Long-acting hormonal contraceptives for women . The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology . 40 . 4–6 . 697–704 . 1991 . 1958567 . 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90293-E . 26021562 .
3. Wu L, Janagam DR, Mandrell TD, Johnson JR, Lowe TL . Long-acting injectable hormonal dosage forms for contraception . Pharmaceutical Research . 32 . 7 . 2180–2191 . July 2015 . 25899076 . 10.1007/s11095-015-1686-2 . 12856674 .
4. Book: Runnebaum B, Rabe T, Kiesel L . Trends in Hormonal Contraception . Female Contraception. 1988. 109–121. 10.1007/978-3-642-73790-9_9. 978-3-642-73792-3.
5. Book: Fraser IS . Systemic hormonal contraception by non-oral routes . Filshie M, Guillebaud J . Contraception: Science and Practice . https://books.google.com/books?id=Ug3-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA112. 22 October 2013. Elsevier Science. 978-1-4831-6366-6. 112–.
6. Book: Connell E . The Contraception Sourcebook. 4 December 2001. McGraw Hill Professional. 978-0-07-139945-6. 133.
7. Book: Hall PE, Bialy G, Blye RP, Crabbé P . Development of Levonorgestrel Esters as Long-Acting Injectable Contraceptives . Zatuchni GI . Long-Acting Contraceptive Delivery Systems: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Long-Acting Contraceptive Delivery Systems, May 31-June 3, 1983, New Orleans, Louisiana . 1984 . Harper & Row Pub. . 978-0-06-142905-7 . 196 .
8. Book: Diczfalusy E . Fertility regulation today and tomorrow. 1987. Raven Press. 978-0-88167-180-3. 132.
9. Book: Matsumoto S . Recent advances in fertility control: proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Recent Advances in Fertility Control, Tokyo, November 8, 1986. 1987. Excerpta Medica. 978-90-219-1638-5. 67.
10. Book: Sitruk-Ware LR, Bardin CW . Contraception: newer pharmacological agents, devices, and delivery systems. 1992. M. Dekker. 978-0-8247-8700-4. 62.