The Leuchtenberg Gallery was the collection of artworks of the Dukes of Leuchtenberg, on public display in Munich.[1] The collection was widely known in 19th-century Europe, due to being open to the public and having a high-quality illustrated catalogue in different languages, and was considered one of the most important private collections of the time.[2] The collection was a heritage from Napoleonic times through Joséphine de Beauharnais, but with new additions by the subsequent Dukes, especially Eugène de Beauharnais. In 1810, Eugène de Beauharnais bought part of the collection of Giovanni Francesco Arese, including at least one painting by Peter Paul Rubens.[3] By 1841, the collection was largely complete.
The Gallery was located in the Palais Leuchtenberg, the house of the Leuchtenberg family in Munich, built by Leo von Klenze between 1817 and 1821. It was opened to the public from at least 1837 on.[4] The collection was catalogued in French and German from 1825 on, with a new version in German from 1841 on, and in an illustrated catalogue in English in 1852. After the death of Duke Maximilian in 1852, the Gallery was closed,[5] the collection divided between his children,[6] and the Palace sold to Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria. Part of the collection was transferred to Saint Petersburg in 1854, where it was displayed in the Mariinsky Palace,[7] and from 1870 on was lent to the Imperial Academy of Arts.[8] The remainder moved together with Eugen Maximilianovich, Duke of Leuchtenberg, from Munich to Saint Petersburg in 1863.[3] While the collection was still growing in the 1860s with purchases by Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, by the end of the century, some works were being sold off. The majority of the collection remained together until the Russian Revolution in 1917, when it was dispersed and a number of paintings sold in Sweden.[7] Many works were acquired by the Hermitage and the Pushkin Museum, with others ending up in museums all over the world. For example, Parmigianino's Circumcision of Jesus is now housed at the Detroit Institute of Arts. The remaining works are either lost or in private collections.
This is the full collection from the 1852 catalogue of the Gallery, listed with the most common modern name for the artists instead of the names used in the catalogue. In addition, some works present in the 1826 or 1841 catalogues but not in the 1852 catalogue have been included. Where known, the most recent attribution and current location of the work have been noted. The first appearance of a work in an older catalogue of the Gallery has also been indicated. This includes the 1826 and expanded 1841 German language catalogues.[9] [10]
Painter | Nationality | Work | Current attribution | Current location | Notes | First noted | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
German | Storm at sea: harbour of Hoegameos in Sweden | 1841 | |||||
German | Attack by French cavalry | 1826 | |||||
German | Outposts of French horse artillery | 1826 | |||||
German | Two French cuirassiers saving a wounded officer | 1826 | |||||
German | French battery defended against Austrian Hussars | 1826 | |||||
German | Battle of the Moscowa: death of general Caulincourt | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Jupiter, in the shape of a bull, carrying off Europa | Auctioned (but not sold) in Sweden in 2012 with an estimated value of about €300,000[11] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | Venus awaiting Adonis | 1841 | |||||
Italian | Venus adorned by the Graces | 1841 | |||||
Italian | Cupid with his bow | Sold at Sotheby's in 1996[12] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | Portrait of a young student | 1841 | |||||
Italian | Portrait of the Queen of Cyprus | lost | Later identified as a self-portrait[13] | 1826 | |||
Italian | Napoleon sitting on his throne | Pushkin Museum[14] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | Napoleon as King of Italy | 1841 | |||||
Dutch | Seaport illuminated by the setting sea | Sold at Christie's in London in 2007 for £36,500[15] | 1826 | ||||
Dutch | 1826 | ||||||
Italian | Madonna della Misericordia | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Christ bearing his cross | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Stoning of St. Stephen | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Mary holding the infant saviour on her knee | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Circumcision of the infant Jesus | Pushkin Museum[16] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | Sold as "Circle of Giovanni Bellini" at Christie's in 1997 for $167,500[17] | 1841 | |||||
Dutch | Summer evening: Italian herdsmen with cattle | 1826 | |||||
Dutch | Travellers and herdsmen at a stream | 1826 | |||||
Dutch | Shepherd's boy and shepherdesses with cattle | 1826 | |||||
Swedish | Entrance to the harbour of Calmar, in Sweden | 1841 | |||||
French | Rocky landscape and mountain stream | 1826 | |||||
Italian | 1826 | ||||||
Italian | Christ taking leave of his mother | Philadelphia Museum of Art[18] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | Hilly landscape, with St. Jerome and a lion | 1841 | |||||
Italian | Last supper (copy of the work by Leonardo da Vinci) | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Portrait of Laura Battiferri | Palazzo Vecchio in Florence[19] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | Pieta: the corpse of Christ on the lap of Mary | 1826 | |||||
French | Cupid discharging an arrow | 1826 | |||||
Flemish | Landscape with travellers | 1841 | |||||
German | Winter landscape with village church | 1841 | |||||
German | Portrait of His Royal Highness, Prince Eugene, Duke of Leuchtenberg | 1841 | |||||
Italian | 1826 | ||||||
Italian | Church of S. Giorgio Maggiore in Venice | 1841 | |||||
Italian | Sold at Christie's in 1992 for $37,400[20] | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Three saints: Roch, Anthony Abbot, and Lucy | Metropolitan Museum of Art[21] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | Burial of Christ | Metropolitan Museum of Art[22] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | John the Baptist sitting by the side of a river | 1826 | |||||
Flemish | Old port of Antwerp | 1826 | |||||
Flemish | New quay at Antwerp | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Madonna and child | 1852 | |||||
German | Not in the 1852 catalogue | 1826 | |||||
Italian | 1841 | ||||||
(school of) | Italian | Not in the 1852 catalogue | 1826 | ||||
Italian | 1841 | ||||||
Dutch | Fruit piece | 1826 | |||||
Flemish | Flower piece | Pushkin Museum (as Offering to Flora)[23] | 1826 | ||||
Flemish | Fruit piece | Pushkin Museum[24] | 1826 | ||||
Flemish | Spring flowers in a stone vase | 1826 | |||||
Flemish | Bunch of blue grapes | 1826 | |||||
French | Brutus after pronouncing sentence of death on his sons | A preparatory sketch for The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons | 1826 | ||||
Dutch | Fishermen's huts near a river | 1826 | |||||
French | Cattle market, with many figures | 1826 | |||||
German | Head of an old lady | 1841 | |||||
German | View near Nesselau in the Bavarian Highlands | 1826 | |||||
German | Stone bridge near the mill at Andorf | 1826 | |||||
German | Mill near a waterfall | 1826 | |||||
Dutch | Shepherd's family and flock, resting under high trees | Sold at Kinsky Auktionen, Vienna, in 2007[25] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | Saint John the Evangelist | Sold at Christie's in 2007 for $289,000[26] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | Saint Sebastian, tied to a tree and pierced by arrows | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Landscape: God appearing to Moses in the burning bush | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Landscape: an angel meeting Balaam on his ass | 1826 | |||||
German | Sawing-mill on a rapidly flowing mountain river | 1826 | |||||
German | Waterfall near a mill: stormy weather | 1826 | |||||
German | Waterfall near a sawing-mill | 1841 | |||||
Italian | 1841 | ||||||
Dutch | 1841 | ||||||
Flemish | Portrait of Marquis Ambrogio Spinola | (studio of) | 1826 | ||||
Flemish | Portrait of a man | 1826 | |||||
Flemish | Children of Charles I, king of England | 1826 | |||||
Flemish | Portrait of the celebrated artist, Sophonisba Anguisciola | 1826 | |||||
Dutch | Rocky scene in Norway | 1826 | |||||
Swedish | View of the castle of Leckoe | 1841 | |||||
Swedish | 1841 | ||||||
Norwegian | View of Stockholm, from Kungsholmen | 1841 | |||||
Italian | 1826 | ||||||
Italian | 1841 | ||||||
French | Valentine of Milan weeping for the death of her husband Louis of Orléans | It came into the Leuchtenberg collection through Empress Josephine, who had acquired the work in 1805. The work was last seen in 1904 and considered lost afterwards, until it reappeared in 1998.[27] | 1826 | ||||
French | King Charles VII, on his departure for battle, writing to Agnes Sorel | 1826 | |||||
French | 1826 | ||||||
French | Henry IV presenting some sweetmeats to the Duke of Bellegarde, who has hidden himself under the bed of Gabrielle d'Estrées | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Nuptials of St. Catherine | 1826 | |||||
French | Cloister church at Coimbra: coronation of Inez de Castro | 1826 | |||||
French | Ossian singing the deeds of departed heroes | 1826 | |||||
French | Interior of the church of St. Ambrosius, Milan | 1826 | |||||
French | Peasant from Béarn presenting Henry IV with cheese | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Sold at Christie's in 2006 for £72,000[28] | 1826 | |||||
German | 1841 | ||||||
German | 1826 | ||||||
French | Portrait of empress Joséphine | 1841 | |||||
French | Belisarius | unknown | A smaller study for this work is currently in the J. Paul Getty Museum, but the current location of this finished version is unknown[29] | 1826 | |||
French | Mother kissing her child | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Herodias receiving the head of St. John the Baptist | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Christ in the lap of his mother | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Adoration of the shepherds | 1826 | |||||
French | Not in the 1852 catalogue | 1826 | |||||
French | 1826 | ||||||
French | Sold at Sotheby's in 2007 for $78,000[30] | 1826 | |||||
Italian | Portrait of a Lawyer | Sold in 2004 at Sotheby's as the Portrait of Francesco Righetti, for £431,200[31] | 1826 | ||||
Italian | 1826 | ||||||
Italian | St. Jerome startled by the sound of an angel's trumpet | 1826 | |||||
French | Anacreon and Cupid | 1826 | |||||
French | 1826 | ||||||
Dutch | Group of fruit | 1826 | |||||
German | Winter landscape: a countryman carrying wood on a sledge | 1826 | |||||
German | Attack by a regiment of French cuirassiers | 1826 | |||||
German | 1841 | ||||||
German | 1826 | ||||||
French | Fénélon restoring to poor peasants a cow taken by the enemy | 1826 | |||||
German | Faith, Love, and Hope, sitting under an oak | Hermitage[32] | 1826 | ||||
German | Village of Partenkirchen and Mount Zugspitze | 1826 | |||||
German | Cossacks preparing to surprise a French outpost | 1826 | |||||
German | Bivouac of Polish cavalry | 1826 | |||||
Dutch | Country house by the side of a river | 1841 | |||||
Dutch | 1826 | ||||||
German | Portrait of St. Thomas More | 1841 | |||||
German | 1826 | ||||||
Dutch | Two domestic cocks and two hens | For sale at Sotheby's in 2008[33] | 1826 | ||||
Dutch | 1826 | ||||||
Dutch | Interior of a Dutch room, with a lady reading a paper | 1826 | |||||
Dutch | Hermitage[34] | 1852 | |||||
Dutch | Flowers in an ornamented vase | 1826 | |||||
Dutch | Huntsmen taking refreshments in a Dutch farmhouse | 1826 | |||||
Dutch | Pasture ground: a herdsman milking a cow | Sold in Munich in 1933 at Hugo Helbing auction house.[35] |
Sculptor | Nationality | Work | Current attribution | Current location | Notes | First noted | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Italian | Eros and Anteros: or, spiritual love conquering sensual love | Liechtenstein Museum[58] | 1826 | |||||
French | Cupid on the point of launching an arrow | Hermitage[59] | 1826 | |||||
Italian | 1826 | |||||||
Italian | Kneeling Magdalen | 1826 | ||||||
French | Cyparissus holding his little buck which he had killed by mistake | 1826 | ||||||
French | National Gallery of Canada[60] | 1852 | ||||||
Italian | Bronze bust of Prince Eugene, Duke of Leuchtenberg | 1841 | ||||||
Italian | Antique female statue, probably a Spes | 1852 | ||||||
Italian | Roman antique eagle | 1852 | ||||||
Italian | 1852 | |||||||
Italian | Arm chair of the emperor Napoleon, used during his consulship | 1852 |
]
.