Leslie Comrie Explained

Leslie Comrie
Honorific Suffix:FRS
Birth Date:1893 8, df=yes
Birth Place:Pukekohe, New Zealand
Nationality:New Zealand
Field:Astronomy
Alma Mater:Auckland University College
Known For:Ephemeris calculation automation
Prizes:Fellow of the Royal Society

Leslie John Comrie FRS[1] (15 August 1893 – 11 December 1950) was an astronomer and a pioneer in mechanical computation.

Life

Leslie John Comrie was born in Pukekohe (south of Auckland), New Zealand, on 15 August 1893.He attended Auckland University College (part of the University of New Zealand) from 1912 to 1916, graduating with BA and MA degrees with Honours in Chemistry.[2] During World War I, despite severe deafness, he saw action in France with the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, and lost his left leg in February 1918 to a British shell.[3] While convalescing, he started using a mechanical calculator and went on to modify commercial calculators for specific projects.

Having joined while in school in New Zealand,[4] Comrie was eventually the first director (1920–1922) of the Computing Section of the British Astronomical Association. In 1923 he received a PhD from St John's College of the University of Cambridge. He travelled to the United States to teach at Swarthmore College and Northwestern University in 1924, where he also pioneered the teaching of numerical analysis. He returned to England to join the HM Nautical Almanac Office at the Royal Greenwich Observatory, where he became deputy superintendent in 1926.[5]

His article On the Construction of Tables by Interpolation was published in April 1928, and described the use of punched card equipment for interpolating tables of data, in contrast to the more inefficient and error-prone methods involving mechanical devices like the pinwheel calculators under the Brunsviga brand name. In the same year, he became the first person to use punched card equipment for scientific calculations, by using Fourier synthesis to compute the principal terms in the motion of the Moon between 1935 and 2000 (improving upon the predictions of Ernest William Brown).Wallace J. Eckert, an American student of Brown at Columbia University, would later use IBM's vast computational resources to refine the predictions even further.[6]

He was promoted to Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac Office in 1930. However, his unconventional use of machines for calculation caused tensions with his superiors, and he was suspended in August 1936.[7]

Comrie founded in 1937 the world's first private company for scientific computing, incorporated as Scientific Computing Service, Limited.[8] [9] During World War II, he headed a team of 30 scientists to computerize war work, such as the creation of bombing tables for the Allies of World War II. He later used this technology to computerize British football pools.

After the war, Comrie visited the United States and New Zealand in 1948.[10] Comrie was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in March 1950.[1]

Comrie is also remembered for his work in astronomy, as he published both scientific and popular articles on subjects ranging from predicting eclipses to the green flash. He died on 11 December 1950 at age 57, following a series of strokes. A lunar crater (23.3N 112.7W) and an asteroid, 3521 Comrie, bear his name, as does the computer lab at the University of Auckland, which was named on the 50th anniversary of his death.[2]

Publications

Obituaries

External links

Notes and References

  1. Massey . H. S. W. . Harrie Massey. Leslie John Comrie. 1893–1950 . 10.1098/rsbm.1952.0006 . . 8 . 21 . 96–107. 1952 . 768801. 120889334 .
  2. Web site: Comrie Lecture 2000 . Garry Tee . Department of Mathematics at the University of Auckland . 4 June 2010 .
  3. Book: Martin Campbell-Kelly . Martin Campbell-Kelly . Mary Croarken . Mary Croarken. Raymond Flood . Raymond Flood (mathematician). The History of Mathematical Tables. Oxford University Press. 2003. The History of Mathematical Tables . 978-0-19-850841-0. p. 137.
  4. Book: Hockey, Thomas . The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers . 2009 . . 978-0-387-31022-0 . 22 August 2012 .
  5. News: Obituary: Leslie John Comrie . The Observatory . 71 . 24–26 . 1951 . 4 June 2010 . 1951Obs....71...24. .
  6. Web site: Professor Wallace J. Eckert . Frank da Cruz . A Chronology of Computing at Columbia University web site . . 5 June 2010 . (includes photographs, references and bibliography)
  7. Web site: Papers of Leslie John Comrie . Royal Greenwich Observatory Archives . 4 June 2010 .
  8. Web site: NAHC/SCS Scientific Computing Service Ltd . UK National Archive for the History of Computing . University of Manchester Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine . 106 . 4 June 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110725210655/http://www.chstm.manchester.ac.uk/downloads/media,38917,en.pdf . 25 July 2011 . dmy-all .
  9. Croarken . Mary. Mary Croarken. Case 5,656: L.J. Comrie and the origins of the Scientific Computing Service Ltd. . 10.1109/MAHC.1999.801536 . . 21 . 4 . 70–71 . 1999 . 22818807.
  10. News: Comrie, Leslie John, F.R.S. (1893–1950) . Ivan Leslie Thomsen . An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . A. H. McLintock . 1966 . 4 June 2010 .

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