| Birth Date: | 27 April 1937 |
| Birth Place: | Tashkent, Uzbekistan |
| Death Date: | 17 November 2010 (aged 73) |
| Death Place: | Moscow, Russia |
| Height: | 1.8m (05.9feet) |
| Weight: | 73kg (161lb) |
| Sport: | Swimming |
| Club: | CSKA Moscow |
| Show-Medals: | yes |
Leonid Nikolayevich Kolesnikov (Russian: Леонид Николаевич Колесников; 27 April 1937 – 17 November 2010) was a Soviet swimmer. He had his best achievements in breaststroke, winning a European title in the 200 m in 1958 and setting a world record in the 100 m breaststroke in 1961. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in the 400 m freestyle and 4×100 m medley relay and finished in fifth place in the relay, swimming the breaststroke leg. Between 1958 and 1961 he set six European records: three in the 200 m breaststroke and three in the 4×100 m medley relay. In 1962 he won a silver medal in the medley relay at the European championships.