| Honorific-Prefix: | Yang Amat Berbahagia Major General Tun |
| Leong Yew Koh | |
| Birth Date: | 1888 8, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Sungai Siput, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Federated Malay States, British Malaya |
| Residence: | British Malaya, Republic of China |
| Death Place: | Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Federation of Malaya |
| Office: | Minister of Justice |
| Primeminister: | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Predecessor: | Suleiman Abdul Rahman |
| Successor: | Ismail Abdul Rahman |
| Term Start: | 12 September 1959 |
| Term End: | 12 January 1963 |
| Office2: | 1st Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca |
| 1Blankname2: | Chief Minister |
| 1Namedata2: | Osman Talib Abdul Ghafar Baba |
| Term Start2: | 31 August 1957 |
| Term End2: | 30 August 1959 |
| Predecessor2: | Office established |
| Successor2: | Abdul Malek Yusuf |
| Party: | Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) |
| Occupation: | MCA Secretary-General (1952–1957) |
| Spouse: | Ho York Ling |
| Children: | 6 |
| Education: | University of London |
Major General Tun Leong Yew Koh (; 22 August 1888 – 12 January 1963)[1] was a Malayan politician who served as the 1st Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca from the independence of the Federation of Malaya in August 1957 to August 1959 and Minister of Health from 1955 to 1956, Minister of Health and Social Welfare from 1956 to 1957 and Minister of Justice from 1959 to his death in January 1963. Being a Kuomintang member himself and serving under the Republic of China government from 1932 and later become the leader of Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese Army branch in Perak from 1942 until 1945, he is one of the founders of the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) in 1949 and the party first secretary-general.[2]
Born in Salak Utara, Sungai Siput, Kuala Kangsar, Perak on 22 August 1888, Leong was the son of Leong Yew Teen, a Chinese migrant tin miner of Cantonese descent, who was responsible for developing Salak Utara.[2]
He went to Canton for his early education. At age 13, he came back to Malaya from China and studied in Anglo-Chinese School Ipoh and St Xavier's Institution, Penang.[2] At age 16, he joined Tongmenghui Singapore.
He went to the University of London in 1908, studying economics, sociology, political science and law. He graduated in 1912 with an LLB.[2]
He was called to the bar in 1920 and served as an advocate and solicitor in the Federated Malay States (FMS) and was also a member of the FMS Bar Committee until his resignation in 1932.[2] [3]
In 1932, Leong returned to China and served the Chinese government as counsellor of the Ministry of Railways, legal adviser to the Executive Yuan, members of Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission, adviser to the Treaty Commission of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and inspector of China consulates in the Philippines, Dutch East Indies, Malaya and South Africa from 1935.[2] He was also the senior commissioner for China in the Sino-British Joint Boundary Commission for the Investigation of the Southern Section of the Undelimited Yunnan-Burma Boundary from 1935 until 1937. He became counsellor to ambassador Chen Kung Po, the Chinese emissary to Rome in 1938. He then left the central government to join the Yunnan provincial government as development commissioner of the Second Frontier District of Yunnan.[2]
Through the ensuing Japanese Malayan campaign during the World War II, Leong is the leader of the Malayan Kuomintang-guerrilla branch of the Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese Army (OCAJA) in Perak where the group controlled the upper portion of the Perak River Valley.[4] After the war ended and subsequent Japanese surrender, a negotiation was held between him and the British Malayan authorities where he agreed for the OCAJA under his authority being absorbed into the national Special Constabulary in 1947 to fight alongside the British against the Communist-influenced Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA).[4]
On 27 February 1949, Tan Cheng Lock founded the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) along with Leong and Colonel H. S. Lee. Leong became the first Secretary-General of MCA.[5]
He was appointed the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca on 31 August 1957,[6] and served until 30 August 1959. In 1958, he was awarded a federal title of Tun, bestowed by DYMM Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya. He was then appointed the Justice Minister of Malaya in 1959. He died on 12 January 1963 in Petaling Jaya, Selangor.[7]
He was the first and only Chinese to be appointed the Yang di-Pertua Negeri in any of the Malayan states.[8]