Leonardo Morlino Explained
Leonardo Morlino (born 1947) is Emeritus Professor of Political Science at LUISS "Guido Carli" University (Rome, Italy) specializing in comparative politics.
He has been the first Italian President of the International Political Science Association[1] from 2009 until 2012.
Previously to being professor at LUISS, he has been professor of Political Science at the University of Florence (Italy) from 1971 until 2006. He also served as Vice Rector (Research) of LUISS "Guido Carli" University from 2012 to 2018.
He has been visiting professor at, among others, Stanford University (Palo Alto, USA), the Institut d’Etudes Politiques (Paris, France), the Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales (Madrid, Spain), the Juan March Institute (Madrid, Spain), New York University (Florence Overseas Study Program), and fellow at Nuffield College (Oxford University, UK), Yale University (New Haven, USA), Stanford University (Palo Alto, USA).
He wrote extensively on the changes of political regimes, democratization processes[2] [3] and the quality of democracy of different areas of the world.[4]
The theory of anchoring
Morlino developed the theory of anchoring[5] to understand how and why there can be democratic consolidation or democratic crisis, the processes of legitimation and of anchoring should be carefully explored. The key proposition is that to achieve consolidation with a limited legitimation strong anchors are needed. The main anchoring mechanisms we can empirically find are: party organization, clientelism, neo-corporatist arrangements, and party control of interests. Other possible anchors include: a strong leader, a successful tv channel, an internet networking skillfully managed. Likewise, there is an internal crisis of democracy when for a number of different reason the existing anchors fade away, i.e. there is a de-anchoring. In case of crisis this phenomenon is usually compounded by delegitimation in terms of dissatisfaction about the implemented policies or of a decisional stalemate.
How to analyze democratic quality
According to Morlino a good democracy is, first of all, a regime widely legitimized and stable, where citizens are fully satisfied because the elected rulers are capable and able to respond to their needs and questions (quality as result). If institutions are still challenged, attention, energy will be absorbed by the needs and objectives of its consolidation or maintenance. In addition, its citizens and communities enjoy freedom and equality beyond the minimum(quality as content). Third, citizens of a good democracy must be able to monitor and evaluate it through elections (electoral accountability) or indirectly (mutual control among the institutions) if and how the two values of freedom and equality are achieved through the full compliance with the current rules, the so-called rule of law, their efficient implementation, effectiveness in decision-making along with the political responsibility for the choices made by elected elites in relation to the questions raised by the civil society (quality as procedure). Citizens, experts, scholars with different ideal conceptions of democracy can check which of the qualities listed above best suit their ideals and to what extent those qualities are implemented in a certain country at a certain time, using the empirical research conducted by Morlino.[6]
Prizes and awards
He has been awarded the Dartmouth Medal - Honorable Mention (Library Journal Best Reference 2011) for The International Encyclopedia of Political Science (Sage).
He holds Doctorates Honoris Causa from the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA) (La Paz, Bolivia), the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Peru), the University of Bucharest (Bucharest, Romania).
He is the recipient of the Award for Scientific Achievements in Political Science by the Chilean Association of Political Science and of the Award for Academic Achievements and Contribution to the Development of Political Science by the Sociedad Argentina de Analisis Politico (Buenos Aires, Argentina).
He has been appointed Profesor Honorario of the Universidad Nacional de la Matanza (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and Honorary Member of Tunisian Association of Political Science, as well as life member of the International Political Science Association (IPSA) and of Mexican Association of Political Sciences (AMECIP).
He was conferred the title of Huespes de Honor of the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Visitante Distinguido of the city of Puebla (Mexico).
Books
- Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Come cambiano i regimi politici: strumenti di analisi . Angeli . Milano . 1980 . 9788820418144 .
- Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Dalla democrazia all'autoritarismo. Il caso spagnolo in prospettiva comparata . Il Mulino . Bologna . 1981 . 1981 .
- Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Cómo cambian los regímenes políticos: Instrumentos de análisis . Centro de Estudios Constitucionales . Madrid . 1985 . 9788424910082 .
- Book: Morlino . Leonardo . Scienza politica . Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli . Torino . 1989 . 9788878600287 . etal.
- Book: Morlino . Leonardo . Uleri . Pier Vincenzo . Le Elezioni nel mondo 1982-1989 . Giunta Regionale Toscana . Firenze . 1990 . 801861196 .
- Book: Morlino . Leonardo . Costruire la democrazia: gruppi e partiti in Italia . Il Mulino . Bologna . 1991 . 9788815032478 .
- Book: Morlino . Leonardo . Laurea in Scienze Politiche. Identità e sbocchi professionali . Editrice La Giuntina . Florence . 1995 . 868530045 .
- Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Democracy between consolidation and crisis: parties, groups, and citizens in Southern Europe . Oxford University Press . Oxford New York . 1998 . 9780198280828 .
Italian translation: Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Democrazie tra consolidamento e crisi: partiti, gruppi e cittadini nel Sud Europa . Il mulino . Bologna . 2008 . Italian . 9788815124074 .
- Book: Morlino . Leonardo . Della Porta . Donatella . Donatella della Porta . Rights and the quality of democracy in Italy. A research report . IDEA . Stockholm . 2001 .
- Book: Morlino . Leonardo . Della Porta . Donatella . Cotta . Maurizio . Scienza politica . Il Mulino . Bologna . 2008 . 9788815125620 .
- Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Democrazie e democratizzazioni . Il Mulino . Bologna . 2003 . 9788815085122 .
Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Democracias y democratizaciones . Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas . Madrid . Spanish . 2nd . 2009 . 9788474764741 .
- Book: Morlino . Leonardo . Della Porta . Donatella . Cotta . Maurizio . Fondamenti di scienza politica . Il Mulino . Bologna . 2004 . 9788815102218 .
- Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Introduzione alla ricerca comparata . Il Mulino . Bologna . 2005 . 9788815107619 .
Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Introducción a la investigación comparada . Alianza Editorial . Madrid . 2010 . Spanish . 9788420693903 .
Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Introduction à la politique comparée . A. Colin . Paris . 2013 . French . 9782200279271 .
Book: Morlino, Leonardo . Democrazia e mutamenti: attori, strutture, processi . Luiss University Press . Roma . 2014 . Italian . 9788861051751 .
- Book: Morlino . Leonardo . Piana . Daniela . Raniolo . Francesco . La qualità della democrazia in Italia, 1992-2012 . Il Mulino . Bologna . 2013 . 9788815244307 .
- Book: Morlino, Leonardo . The quality of democracy in Latin America. A research report . IDEA International . Stockholm . 2014 .
Book: Morlino, Leonardo . La calidad de las democracias en América Latina : informe para IDEA Internacional . IDEA International . Estocolmo San José, Costa Rica . Spanish . 2014 . 9789187729607 .
- Book: Morlino . Leonardo . Fantoni . Marcello . The American exceptionalism revisited . Viella . Roma . 2015 . 9788867283286 .
Journal articles (1991-2015)
- Morlino . Leonardo . La scienza politica italiana: tradizione e realtà . Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica . 21 . 1 . 70–102 . April 1991 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Political science in Italy: tradition and empiricism . . 20 . 3–4 . 341–358 . 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb00274.x . December 1991 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Consolidações democráticas na Europa Meridional. Indicações teóricas para análise empírica . Dados . 35 . 2 . 145–172 . 1992 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . I partiti nella transizione . Views . 2 . 19–34 . 1992 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Mattei . Franco . Vecchio e nuovo autoritarismo nel Sud Europa . Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica . 22 . 1 . 137–160 . April 1992 . 10.1017/S004884020001827X . 166004102 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Partidos, grupos y consolidaciòn democratica in Italia . Revista del Centro de Estudios Constitucionales . 13 . 73–102 . September–December 1992 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Montero . José Ramon . Legitimación y democracia en el Sur de Europa . Revista Espanola de Investigaciones Sociologicas . 64 . 7–40 . October–December 1993 . Pdf.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Montero . José Ramon . Legittimità, consolidamento e crisi nell'Europa Meridionale . Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica . 24 . 1 . 22–66 . April 1994 .
- Preview. Full text.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Consolidation and party government in Southern Europe . . 16 . 2 . 145–167 . 10.1177/019251219501600203 . April 1995 . 153430855 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Crisis of parties and change of party system in Italy . . 2 . 1 . 5–30 . 10.1177/1354068896002001001 . January 1996 . 145018237 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Tarchi . Marco . The dissatisfied society: the roots of political change in Italy . . 30 . 1 . 41–63 . 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1996.tb00667.x . July 1996 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Democratic consolidation and convergence in Southern Europe: the Italian case . Democratization . 3 . 3 . 189–214 . 10.1080/13510349608403476 . September 1996 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Is there an impact? And where is it? Electoral reform and the party system in Italy . . 2 . 3 . 103–131 . 10.1080/13608749708539520 . September 1997 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Come siamo ovvero come ci raccontiamo. La politica comparata di Daalder, e altri (1945-1995) . Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica . 28 . 3 . 543–566 . 10.1426/1636 . December 1998 . 161865759 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Consolidaciòn democratica: la teorìa del anclaje . Revista Argentina de Ciencia Politica . 4 . 9–34 . 2000 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . How we are, or how we say that we are: the post–war comparative politics of Hans Daadler and others . . 37 . 4 . 497–516 . 10.1111/1475-6765.00523 . June 2000 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Architectures constitutionnelles et politiques democratiques en Europe de l'Est . Revue Française de Science Politique . 50 . 4–5 . 679–711 . October 2000 . 10.3406/rfsp.2000.395503. Full text.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Consolidation démocratique: la théorie de l'ancrage . Revue Internationale de Politique Comparée . 8 . 2 . 245–267 . 10.3917/ripc.082.0245 . 2001 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Consolidamento Democratico: la teoria dell'ancoraggio . Democratic consolidation: a theory of anchoring . Quaderni di Scienza Politica . 8 . 2 . 217–247 . 2001 . 2016-02-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213527/http://www-3.unipv.it/quasp/morlino01.html . 2016-03-03 . dead .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Crisi democratica e teoria dell'ancoraggio . Quaderno di Studi Parlamentari . 12 . 101–118 . 2001 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Democrazia e spiegazioni . Quaderno di Studi Parlamentari . 13 . 199–213 . 2002 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Democratic anchoring: how to analyze consolidation and crisis . Central European Political Science Review . 3 . 10 . 6–39 . 2002 . Publisher.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Les effets de l'européanisation sur la représentation politique en Europe du sud . Pole Sud . 19 . 1 . 79–96 . 2003 . 10.3406/pole.2003.1155.
- Morlino . Leonardo . What is a 'good' democracy? Theory and the case of Italy . . 8 . 3 . 1–32 . 10.1080/13608740808539654 . September 2003 . 154069872 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . 'Good' and 'bad' democracies: how to conduct research into the quality of democracy . Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics . 20 . 1 . 5–27 . 10.1080/13523270410001687082 . March 2004 . 153770386 . free .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Salvati . Michele . Calise . Mauro . Discussione su "Machiavelli's children. Leaders and their legacies in Italy and Japan" di Richard J. Samuels. Con una replica di Richard J. Samuels . Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica . 34 . 2 . 285–290 . 10.1426/13579 . August 2004 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Diamond . Larry Jay . An overview . . 15 . 4 . 20–31 . 10.1353/jod.2004.0060 . October 2004 . 158341205 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . What is a 'good' democracy? . Democratization . 11 . 5 . 10–32 . 10.1080/13510340412331304589 . December 2004 . 145137496 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Las alternativas no democráticas . POSTData: Revista de Reflexión y Análisis Político . 10 . 149–183 . December 2004 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Spiegare la qualità democratica: quanto sono rilevanti le tradizioni autoritarie? . Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica . 35 . 2 . 191–212 . 10.1426/20465 . August 2005 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Anchors, anchoring and democratic change . . 38 . 7 . 743–770 . 10.1177/0010414004274401 . September 2005 . 153826275 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Fargion . Valeria . Profeti . Stefania . Européisation et représentation territoriale en Italie . Pôle Sud . 24 . 1 . 99–120 . 2006 . 10.3406/pole.2006.1268 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Fargion . Valeria . Profeti . Stefania . Europeanisation and territorial representation in Italy . . 29 . 4 . 757–783 . 10.1080/01402380600842338 . September 2006 . 143975219 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Bosco . Anna . What changes in South European parties? A comparative introduction . South European Society and Politics . 11 . 3–4 . 331–358 . 10.1080/13608740600855878 . December 2006 . 154920907 . free .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Explicar la calidad democrática: ¿qué tan relevantes son las tradiciones autoritarias? . Explaining democratic quality: how relevant is the authoritarian legacy? . Revista de Ciencia Política . 27 . 2 . 3–22 . 10.4067/S0718-090X2007000300001 . 2007 . free .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Democracia, calidad, seguridad: presupuestos y problemas . Sistema . 203–204 . 21–34 . 2008 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . ¿Regímenes híbridos o regímenes en transición? . Sistema . 207 . 3–22 . 2008 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Democracy and changes: how research tails reality . . 31 . 1–2 . 40–59 . 10.1080/01402380701833715 . January 2008 . 11385/6606 . 53354031 . free .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Hybrid regimes or regimes in transition? . Regimi ibridi o regimi in transizione? . Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica . 38 . 2 . 169–190 . 10.1426/27430 . August 2008 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . La calidad de la democracia . Claves de Razón Prática . 193 . 26–35 . 2009 . Also available at: Revistas Culturales.
- Morlino . Leonardo . The quality of democracies in Europe: a research report . Italian Political Science . 2 . 3 . 1–6 . 2009 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Are there hybrid regimes? Or are they just an optical illusion? . . 1 . 2 . 273–296 . 10.1017/S1755773909000198 . July 2009 . 154947839 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Transition from democracy to democracy: is it possible in Italy? . Bulletin of Italian Politics . 1 . 1 . 7–27 . Summer 2009 . Pdf.
- Morlino . Leonardo . The quality of democracy: an agenda for future research? . Participation . 33 . 2 . 3 . November 2009 . Pdf.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Legitimacy and the quality of democracy . International Social Science Journal . 60 . 196 . 211–222 . 10.1111/j.1468-2451.2010.01717.x . June 2009 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Authoritarian legacies, politics of the past and the quality of democracy in Southern Europe: open conclusions . South European Society and Politics . 15 . 3 . 507–529 . 10.1080/13608746.2010.513609 . September 2010 . 145274738 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Autorità e legittimità tra consolidamento e crisi . Authority and legitimacy between consolidation and crisis . Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia . 51 . 4 . 571–598 . 10.1423/33592 . October–December 2010 . Also available at Rivisteweb.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Analyzing democratic qualities . Central European Political Science Review . 12 . 44 . 9–45 . 2011 . Publisher.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Per non dimenticare Bentley: dai gruppi alle politiche . Rivista Italiana di Politiche Pubbliche . 10 . 2 . 397–406 . 10.1483/35126 . August 2011 . Also available at Rivisteweb.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Dressel . Björn . Pelizzo . Riccardo . The quality of democracy in Asia-Pacific: issues and findings . International Political Science Review . 32 . 5 . 491–511 . 10.1177/0192512111418334 . November 2011 . 1885/23633 . 145095238 . free .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Calidad democrática entre lίderes y partidos . Revista Paraguaya de Sociología . 137 . 43–66 . 2012 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Observando las diferentes calidades de la democracia . Revista Mexicana de Analisis Politico y Administracion Publica . 1 . 1 . 9–48 . June 2012 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . The impossible transition and the unstable new mix: Italy 1992–2012 . Comparative European Politics . 11 . 3 . 337–359 . 10.1057/cep.2012.41 . May 2013 . 145533884 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . On Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson "Why Nations Fail". A politological reading . Stato e Mercato . 33 . 3 . 485–508 . 10.1425/75014 . December 2013 . Also available at Rivisteweb.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Quaranta . Mario . The non-procedural determinants of responsiveness . West European Politics . 37 . 2 . 331–360 . 10.1080/01402382.2014.887878 . March 2014 . 153712420 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Piana . Daniela . Economic crisis in a stalemated democracy: the Italian case . . 58 . 12 . 1657–1682 . 10.1177/0002764214534668 . November 2014 . 56121088 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Changes for democracy: are there hybrid regimes? . Central European Political Science Review . 16 . 60 . 14–49 . 2015 . Publisher. Pdf.
- Morlino . Leonardo . Transitions to democracy: what theory to grasp complexity? . Historein . 15 . 1 . 13–31 . 10.12681/historein.288 . 2015 . 31 January 2024 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Transiciones democraticas: entre cuestiones teόricas y análisis empirico . Revista Española de Ciencia Política . 39 . 17–42 . 2015 .
- Morlino . Leonardo . Cómo analizar las calidades democraticas? . Revista Latinoamericana de Política Comparada . 10 . 13–36 . July 2015 . 2016-02-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071030/http://www.hss.de/fileadmin/americalatina/Ecuador/downloads/Revista10.pdf . 2016-03-05 . dead .
References
- Web site: IPSA Presidents.
- L. Morlino, "Cómo cambian los regímenes políticos" CEC Madrid (1995)
- L.Morlino "Changes for Democracy:Actors, Structures, Processes", Oxford Studies in Democratization (2011)
- [Larry Diamond]
- L.Morlino, "Democracy Between Consolidation and Crisis. Parties, Groups, and Citizens in Southern Europe", Oxford, Oxford university Press (1998)
- L. Morlino, Changes for Democracy (2011), Chapters 7 and 8
External links