Leningrad (2028 icebreaker) explained

Leningrad (Russian: Ленинград) is a Russian Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker currently under construction at Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg.

Development and construction

Background

In the late 1980s, the Russian research institutes and design bureaus developed a successor for the 1970s Arktika-class nuclear-powered icebreakers as part of a wider icebreaker fleet renewal program initiated shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The new 60-megawatt icebreaker, referred to using a type size series designation LK-60Ya,[1] would feature a so-called dual-draft functionality which would allow the vessel to operate in shallow coastal areas after de-ballasting. Although the preliminary designs had been developed almost two decades earlier, the LK-60Ya design was finalized in 2009 as Project 22220 by Central Design Bureau "Iceberg"[2] and the construction of the first vessel was awarded to Saint Petersburg-based Baltic Shipyard in August 2012.[3] Three additional contracts in May 2014, August 2019 and February 2023 have increased the number of Project 22220 icebreakers under construction or on order to seven.[4] [5]

Construction

On 2 February 2023, FSUE Atomflot signed a contract for the construction of two additional Project 22220 icebreakers with Baltic Shipyard.

The keel of the sixth Project 22220 icebreaker was laid on 26 January 2024. The vessel was initially to be named Kamchatka (Russian: Камчатка) after the Kamchatka Peninsula,[6] but in November 2023 it was announced that instead it would be named Leningrad (Russian: Ленинград) to commemorate the Siege of Leningrad.[7] It is the second Russian icebreaker to bear the name; the previous Leningrad was a Moskva-class diesel-electric polar icebreaker built in 1961 and decommissioned in 1993. Unlike the new nuclear-powered icebreaker, the Soviet-era vessel was named after the city itself.[8]

Whereas the preceding Project 22220 icebreakers have featured Atomflot's standard livery of dark blue hull and generally light blue superstructure with three decks painted after the flag of Russia, the artist's impression for the sixth vessel featured a new painting scheme: red hull with blue and white stripes at the upper deck edge, and a generally white superstructure with front bulkhead adorned with a blue-white silhouette of Leningrad under siege.

Leningrads delivery is scheduled for December 2028.

Design

Leningrad is 173.3m (568.6feet) long overall and has a maximum beam of 34m (112feet). Designed to operate efficiently both in shallow Arctic river estuaries as well as along the Northern Sea Route, the draught of the vessel can be varied between about 9and by taking in and discharging ballast water, corresponding to a displacement between 25540t33530t.[9]

Leningrad has a nuclear-turbo-electric powertrain. The onboard nuclear power plant consists of two 175 RITM-200 pressurized water reactors fueled by up to 20% enriched Uranium-235[10] and two 36 turbogenerators.[11] [12] [13] The propulsion system follows the classic polar icebreaker pattern with three 6.2m (20.3feet) four-bladed propellers driven by 20-3NaN-3 electric motors.[14] [15] With a total propulsion power of 60MW, Leningrad is designed to be capable of breaking 2.8m (09.2feet) thick level ice at a continuous speed of 1.5- at full power when operating in deep water at design draught.

Notes and References

  1. The type size series designation "LK-60Ya" (Russian: ЛК-60Я) comes from the Russian language word for "icebreaker" (Russian: text=ледокол|translit=ledokol), propulsion power (60 megawatts), and the first letter of the Russian word for "nuclear" (Russian: text=ядерное|translit=yadernoye).
  2. Web site: Largest icebreaker construction now underway. 26 January 2014. The Motorship. 24 December 2019. 12 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210812073223/https://www.motorship.com/news101/ships-and-shipyards/largest-icebreaker-construction-now-underway. live.
  3. Web site: Baltic Shipyard to build new large nuclear-powered icebreaker (Project 22220 LC-60YA). Navy Recognition. 7 August 2012. 24 December 2019. 19 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221119215957/https://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2012-news/august/552--baltic-shipyard-to-build-new-large-nuclear-powered-icebreaker-project-22220-lc-60ya.html. live.
  4. Web site: Baltiysky Shipyard to build three new icebreakers by 2020. Barents Observer. 8 May 2014. 24 December 2019. 31 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230331090316/https://barentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2014/05/baltiysky-shipyard-build-three-new-icebreakers-2020-08-05. live.
  5. Web site: Russia's ATOMFLOT Orders 4th & 5th Project 22220 Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers. Naval News. 11 August 2019. 24 December 2019. 30 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230130045217/https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/08/russias-atomflot-orders-4th-5th-project-22220-nuclear-powered-icebreakers/. live.
  6. Web site: Новые атомные ледоколы проекта 22220 получили имена. ru. Sudostroenie.info. 30 March 2023. 30 March 2023. 30 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230330185959/https://sudostroenie.info/novosti/38959.html. live.
  7. Web site: In chilly return to past, Putin names new icebreaker "Stalingrad". The Barents Observer. 20 November 2023. 27 November 2023. 27 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231127172922/https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2023/11/shadow-strife-and-aggression-descends-arctic-putin-names-new-icebreaker-stalingrad. live.
  8. Web site: Ленинград. FleetPhoto. 27 January 2024. 27 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240127194446/https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/15550/. live.
  9. Web site: Испытание Дудинкой. «Сибирь» поборола лишний вес. ru. Fontanka.ru. 2 February 2022. 2 February 2022. 2 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220202133310/https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/02/02/70417997/. live.
  10. Web site: Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018. Peter. Lobner. 25 September 2021. 28 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220428074833/https://lynceans.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Marine-Nuclear-Power-1939-2018_Part-3A_R1_Russia_submarines.pdf. live.
  11. Web site: Serving the nuclear machine building industry since 1945. JSC "Afrikantov OKBM". 26 April 2020. 27 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200127142241/http://www.okbm.nnov.ru/upload/iblock/99a/99a99ac98bb4a29bc538d90b3d8be7dc.pdf. dead.
  12. Web site: Kirovsky Zavod Will Manufacture a Steam-Turbine Plant for the World's Largest Nuclear-Powered Ice-Breaker. Kirovsky Zavod. 27 August 2013. 26 April 2020. 27 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201027033844/https://kzgroup.ru/eng/m/110/kirovsky_zavod_will_manufacture_a_steam-turbine_plant_for_the_worlds_largest_nuclear-powered_ice-br.html. dead.
  13. Web site: Турбогенератор РУСЭЛПРОМА установили на атомный ледокол. ru. Ruselprom. 26 April 2020. 30 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221130182644/https://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/turbogenerator-ruselproma-ustanovili-na-atomnyy-ledokol-/. live.
  14. Web site: Электродвигатели "Русэлпрома" погружены на ледокол "Сибирь". Ruselprom. ru. 26 April 2020. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207141203/https://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/elektrodvigateli-ruselproma-pogruzheny-na-ledokol-sibir/. live.
  15. Web site: "Звездочка" изготовила лопасти гребных винтов для головного атомного ледокола. ru. 20 April 2016. 26 April 2020. 19 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221119220015/https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/3222109. live.

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