Legislature XII of Italy explained

Legislature XII of Italy
Native Name:	XII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
Native Name Lang:	it
Legislature:	12th legislature
Coa Caption:	Emblems of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies
House Type:	bicameral
Houses:	Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic
Disbanded:
Preceded By:	XI Legislature
Succeeded By:	XIII Legislature
Leader1 Type:	President of the Senate
Leader1:	Carlo Scognamiglio
Party1:	FI
Election1:	17 April 1994
Leader2 Type:	President of the Chamber of Deputies
Leader2:	Irene Pivetti
Party2:	LN
Election2:	16 April 1994
Seats:	630 (C) 315 (S)
House1:	Chamber of Deputies
House2:	Senate
Voting System1:	Mattarellum
Voting System2:	Mattarellum
Last Election3:	27 March 1994
Meeting Place:	Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
Meeting Place2:	Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website:
Constitution:	Constitution of Italy

The Legislature XII of Italy (Italian: XII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) lasted from 15 April 1994 until 8 May 1996.^[1] ^[2] Its composition was the one resulting from the snap general election of 27 March 1994. The election was called by President Scalfaro, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 16 January 1994.^[3] This decision was connected to some major events that permanently changed the shape of Italian internal politics during the beginning of the '90s, such as Tangentopoli and the Mafia trials.

This legislature marks the beginning of the so-called "Second Republic" (Italian: Seconda Repubblica), characterised by the progressive decline and dismantlement of the traditional parties, such as the Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, and the Italian Social Movement. It also marks the official entrance of Silvio Berlusconi in Italian politics.

This was the first legislature to apply the new majoritarian electoral system (also known as Mattarellum), which replaced the proportional system in effect since 1946.

Government

Prime Minister	Party	Term of office		Government	Composition
Took office	Party	Left office		Government	Composition
		Silvio Berlusconi	Forza Italia	10 May 1994	17 January 1995	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	Berlusconi I	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	FI • LN • AN • CCD • UdC
		Lamberto Dini	Independent	17 January 1995	17 May 1996	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Dini	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Independents

Composition

Chamber of Deputies

President: Irene Pivetti (LN), elected on 16 April 1994
Vice Presidents: Luciano Violante (PDS), Adriana Poli Bortone (AN, until 25 May 1994), Lorenzo Acquarone (PPI), Vittorio Dotti (FI, until 9 November 1994), Ignazio La Russa (AN, from 25 May 1994)


Parliamentary group			Seats	Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
Initial composition^[4]				Final composition
	Progressives – Federative		143		Progressives – Federative		164	21
	Northern League		118		Northern League		71	47
	Forza Italia		112		Forza Italia		110	2
	National Alliance – MSI		109		National Alliance		105	4
	Communist Refoundation – Progressives		39		Communist Refoundation – Progressives		24	15
	Italian People's Party		33		Italian People's Party		27	6
	Christian Democratic Centre		27		Christian Democratic Centre		42	15
					Federalists and Liberal Democrats		28	28
					The Democrats		21	21
	Mixed		49		Mixed		36	13
		Linguistic Minorities	4			Linguistic Minorities	4
		Democratic Alliance	17					17
		Italian Socialist Party	14					14
		Segni Pact	9					9
						Unitarian Communists	14	14
		Non inscrits	5^[5]			Non inscrits	18	13

*Total seats*			630	*Total seats*			628	2

Senate of the Republic

President: Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini (FI), elected on 16 April 1994
Vice Presidents: Carlo Rognoni (PDS), Michele Pinto (PPI), Marcello Staglieno (LN), Romano Misservile (AN)


Parliamentary group			Seats	Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
Initial composition^[6]				Final composition
	Progressives – Federative		76		Progressives – Federative		74	2
	Lega Nord		60		Lega Nord		40	20
	National Alliance – Italian Social Movement		48		National Alliance		47	1
	Forza Italia		36		Forza Italia		36
	Italian People's Party		34		Italian People's Party		22	12
	Communist Refoundation – Progressives		18		Communist Refoundation – Progressives		14	4
	Progressives – Greens – The Network		13		Progressives – Greens – The Network		7	6
	Christian Democratic Centre		12		Christian Democratic Centre		15	3
	Progressive – PSI		10		Labour – Socialist – Progressive		10
					Crossed Shield		13	13
					Democratic Left		10	10
					Federalist Italian League		10	10
	Mixed		19		Mixed		27	8
		South Tyrolean People's Party	3			South Tyrolean People's Party	3
		Non inscrits	16^[7]			Non inscrits	24	8

*Total seats*			326	*Total seats*			325	1

Notes

Of the 315 elected senators, 11 Senators for life were added at the beginning of the term distributed as follows:
- 3 from the Partito Popolare Italiano: Giulio Andreotti, Carlo Bo, Amintore Fanfani
- 1 from the group Progressisti – PSI: Francesco De Martino
- 7 with no affiliation: Gianni Agnelli, Norberto Bobbio, Francesco Cossiga, Giovanni Leone, Giovanni Spadolini (died in August 1994), Paolo Emilio Taviani, Leo Valiani

Notes and References

Web site: Senato della Repubblica – 12ª Legislatura . www.senato.it . 17 May 2019 . it.
Web site: XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico . storia.camera.it . 17 May 2019 . it.
Web site: Accadde oggi 16 gennaio: Scalfaro scioglie le Camere . 17 May 2019 . it.
Web site: XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico . storia.camera.it . 17 May 2019 . it. . The official source could have an imprecision about MP Giuseppe Lazzarini, which is included in the League (which did not run in Latium) where Lazzarini, which was a member of Forza Italia, was elected.
The member of the Lega d'Azione Meridionale and four former members of the Segni Pact that immediately joined Berlusconi.
Web site: senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella XII Legislatura . www.senato.it . 17 May 2019 . it.
Seven Senators for life, six members of the Democratic Alliance, the members of the Lega Alpina Lumbarda and Union Valdotaine, and Independent Claudio Magris.