| Legislature V of Italy | |
| Native Name: | V legislatura della Repubblica Italiana |
| Native Name Lang: | it |
| Legislature: | 5th legislature |
| Coa Caption: | Emblems of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies |
| House Type: | bicameral |
| Disbanded: | |
| Preceded By: | IV Legislature |
| Succeeded By: | VI Legislature |
| Leader1 Type: | President of the Senate |
| Leader2 Type: | President of the Chamber of Deputies |
| Seats: | 630 (C) 315+ (S) |
| House1: | Chamber of Deputies |
| House2: | Senate |
| Voting System1: | Proportional |
| Voting System2: | Proportional |
| Last Election3: | 19 May 1968 |
| Meeting Place: | Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C) |
| Meeting Place2: | Palazzo Madama, Rome (S) |
| Website: | Fifth Legislature – Chamber of Deputies Fifth Legislature – Senate |
| Constitution: | Constitution of Italy |
The Legislature V of Italy (Italian: V Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 5th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 5 June 1968 until 24 May 1972.[1] [2] Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 19 May 1968.
It was the first republican legislature to be dismissed before its term's natural expiration.
The period of the late 1960s–1970s came to be known as the Opposti Estremismi, (from left-wing and right-wing extremists riots), later renamed anni di piombo ("years of lead") because of a wave of political terrorist attacks.
After another short Leone's government, on 12 December 1968 Mariano Rumor sworn is as prime minister for the first time, leading a government composed by DC, PSU and PRI.[3]
Between 1968 and 1970 a notable number of progressive reforms were carried out. On 11 December 1969 a new law extended access to higher education to all students holding a higher secondary school diploma. It was formerly limited to students who came from classical, and in some cases, scientific, curricula. Another bill, approved on 30 April 1969, introduced broad provisions covering pensions under the general scheme. The multiplying coefficient was increased to 1.85%, applied to average earnings of the best 3 years in the last 5 years of work (maximum pension, after 40 years of contribution: 74% of previous earnings). A social pension was also introduced for people over the age of 65 with low incomes and not eligible for any type of pension. In addition, cost of living indexation for all pensions (with the exception of social pensions) was introduced.[4]
Rumor led three different governments. The second one, from August 1969 to February 1970, was a DC-only government; its collapse led to a 45-day long period without government. After this period, which included an attempt by former Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani to form a government, Rumor led a new coalition with PSI, PRI and PSDI from March until July 1970.[5]
After another centre-left government led by Emilio Colombo, in February 1972 Giulio Andreotti was asked to form a new government which didn't obtained the confidence of the Parliament. On 28 February 1972 President Giovanni Leone dismissed the Parliament and called the first snap election in the history of the Italian Republic.
On 9 December 1971 the Parliament and the representatives of the 20 Italian regions met to elect the fifth President of Italy. On 24 December 1971 the Christian democrat Giovanni Leone was elected on the twenty-third ballot with 518 votes out of 1008.
| Prime Minister | Party | Term of office | Government | Composition | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | |||||||||
| Giovanni Leone | Christian Democracy | 24 June 1968 | 12 December 1968 | bgcolor=#D5EFFF | Leone II | bgcolor=#D5EFFF | DC | |||
| Mariano Rumor | Christian Democracy | 12 December 1968 | 5 August 1969 | bgcolor=#FFE5E5 | Rumor I | bgcolor=#FFE5E5 | DC PSU PRI | |||
| 5 August 1969 | 27 March 1970 | bgcolor=#D5EFFF | Rumor II | bgcolor=#D5EFFF | DC | |||||
| 27 March 1970 | 6 August 1970 | bgcolor=#FFE5E5 | Rumor III | bgcolor=#FFE5E5 | DC PSI PSDI PRI | |||||
| Emilio Colombo | Christian Democracy | 6 August 1970 | 17 February 1972 | bgcolor=#FFE5E5 | Colombo | bgcolor=#FFE5E5 | DC PSI PSDI PRI | |||
| Giulio Andreotti | Christian Democracy | 17 February 1972 | 26 June 1972 | bgcolor=#D5EFFF | Andreotti I | bgcolor=#D5EFFF | DC | |||
| Initial composition[6] (5 June 1968) | Final composition (24 May 1972) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parliamentary group | Seats | Parliamentary group | Seats | Change | |||||
| Christian Democracy | 266 | Christian Democracy | 263 | 3 | |||||
| Italian Communist Party | 177 | Italian Communist Party | 166 | 11 | |||||
| Unified Socialist Party | 91 | Italian Socialist Party | 62 | ||||||
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party | 29 | ||||||||
| Italian Liberal Party | 31 | Italian Liberal Party | 30 | 1 | |||||
| Italian Social Movement | 24 | Italian Social Movement | 25 | 1 | |||||
| Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity | 23 | Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity | 22 | 1 | |||||
| Italian Republican Party | 9 | Italian Republican Party | 9 | ||||||
| Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity | 6 | Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity | 5 | 1 | |||||
| Mixed | 3 | Mixed | 19 | 16 | |||||
| Südtiroler Volkspartei | 3 | Südtiroler Volkspartei | 3 | ||||||
| Independent–Non inscrits | 16 | 16 | |||||||
| Total seats | 630 | Total seats | 630 | ||||||
Amintore Fanfani (DC), elected on 5 June 1968
| Initial composition[7] (5 June 1968) | Final composition (24 May 1972) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parliamentary group | Seats | Parliamentary group | Seats | Change | |||||
| Christian Democracy | 135 | Christian Democracy | 137 | 2 | |||||
| Italian Communist Party | 101 | Italian Communist Party | 102 | 1 | |||||
| Unified Socialist Party | 46 | Italian Socialist Party | 40 | ||||||
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party | 6 | ||||||||
| Italian Liberal Party | 16 | Italian Liberal Party | 16 | ||||||
| Italian Social Movement | 11 | Italian Social Movement | 13 | 1 | |||||
| Mixed | 6 | Mixed | 2 | 4 | |||||
| Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity | 2 | Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity | 0 | 2 | |||||
| Italian Republican Party | 2 | Italian Republican Party | 0 | 2 | |||||
| Südtiroler Volkspartei | 2 | Südtiroler Volkspartei | 2 | ||||||
| Total seats | 315 | Total seats | 315 | ||||||
See also: Senators for life in Italy.
| Senator | Motivation | Appointed by | From | Till | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Giovanni Gronchi | Former President of Italy | ex officio | |||
| Cesare Merzagora | Merits in the social field | President Antonio Segni | |||
| Ferruccio Parri | Merits in the social field | President Antonio Segni | |||
| Meuccio Ruini | Merits in the social and scientific field | President Antonio Segni | 6 March 1970 (deceased) | ||
| Antonio Segni | Former President of Italy | ex officio | |||
| Eugenio Montale | Merits in the literary field | President Giuseppe Saragat | |||
| Giovanni Leone | Merits in the social field | President Giuseppe Saragat | 29 December 1971 (elected President of Italy) | ||
| Pietro Nenni | Merits in the social field | President Giuseppe Saragat | 25 November 1970 | ||
| Giuseppe Saragat | Former President of Italy | ex officio | 29 December 1971 | ||
| Amintore Fanfani | Merits in the social field | President Giovanni Leone | 10 March 1972 |