| Box Width: | 27em |
| Other Name: | Bradford to Leeds line LB&HJR Laisterdyke to Ardsley line Gildersome Branch |
| Type: | Heavy rail |
| Status: | Part closed |
| Locale: | West Yorkshire |
| Stations: | Bradford (Adolphus Street/Exchange) Leeds Central Wakefield Westgate |
| Event1label: | Bowling Junction/Adolphus Street to Holbeck Junction |
| Event1: | Opened 1 August 1854 |
| Event2label: | Laisterdyke to Gildersome |
| Event2: | Opened 20 August 1866 |
| Event3label: | Gildersome to Ardsley |
| Event3: | Opened 10 October 1857 |
| Owner: | Leeds, Bradford & Halifax Junction Railway Great Northern Railway London North Eastern Railway British Rail (Eastern Region) |
| Operator: | Great Northern Railway London North Eastern Railway British Rail |
| Depot: | Hammerton Street, Bradford |
| Linelength Mi: | 21 |
| Tracks: | 2 |
The Leeds, Bradford and Halifax Junction Railway (LB&HJR) was an English railway company. It built a line between Bradford and Leeds, and had running powers over the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway to Halifax. It opened its main line in 1854 and later built a number of branch lines.
It was worked by the Great Northern Railway, giving that company the access it needed to Bradford and Halifax, and the GNR absorbed the LB&HJR in 1865.
The line between Leeds and Bradford continues in use at the present day, but the rest of the LB&HJR network has closed.
In 1840 a through railway connection between Leeds and London was established, over three railways controlled by George Hudson. Hudson was known as the Railway King; he controlled many companies and used underhand methods against his rivals. Later, he was found out and disgraced. The companies around Leeds were the North Midland Railway (from Derby) and the York and North Midland Railway from Normanton on that line to York.[1]
In 1846 the Great Northern Railway was authorised; it was a stupendously large project to connect London and York. Its promoters had wanted to have a branch to Leeds, but this was rejected by Parliament.[2] As the Great Northern Railway was building its main line, it gave thought to the means by which it might still reach Leeds. Permission to run over other, established railway companies provided the necessary link, and running powers were agreed: GNR trains started running to Leeds on 1 October 1849. The running powers were over the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway from Askern Junction (a few miles north of Doncaster) to Knottingley and Methley, then over the rival Midland Railway to Gelderd Road Junction,[3] just outside Leeds. GNR trains from London reversed there and ran over a short length of the Leeds and Thirsk Railway to reach the Central station at Leeds.
This was not a comfortable arrangement: the Midland Railway was hostile, and the agreement had been signed by George Hudson, who then did what he could to frustrate the through running. The Leeds Central station was reached by an awkward reversal of the trains, and was shared with three other railway companies.[4]
In 1851 the railway network of the West Riding was developing rapidly, and a railway named the West Riding Union Railway had planned to build a line connecting Leeds, Halifax and Bradford. It had Parliamentary authority to do so, but in 1847 it had been subject to an amalgamation which led to the formation of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. The L&YR had other priorities, and the construction of the Leeds to Bradford direct line fell away, to the dismay of the population concerned.[5]
After some time, the Leeds, Bradford and Halifax Junction Railway was promoted independently. It was authorised by Act of 30 June 1852,[6] Its route was similar to the abandoned West Riding Union Railway scheme, from a junction with the Leeds and Dewsbury Railway near Holbeck, just outside the Leeds terminus, passing on the southern margin of Bradford, to a junction with the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway at Bowling Junction, three-quarters of a mile south of the L&YR's Bradford station.[7]
Notwithstanding the company's title, there was no attempt to build to Halifax: the Bowling junction faced away from Bradford, and the company was given running powers over the L&YR from there to Halifax. In return, the L&YR was given running powers over the LB&HJR line. In addition the LB&HJR got running powers for the short distance into Leeds Central station. The failure by the L&YR to pursue the West Riding Union Railway scheme had considerable consequences, limiting any later L&YR expansion in the area.[8]
The LB&HJR arranged for the Great Northern Railway to work its line. This enabled the GNR to incorporate through running to Halifax into its own network.[8] The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway also had running powers over the LB&HJR, and used these for through expresses.[7] The LB&HJR line passed Bradford at some distance, and in the following Parliamentary session the LB&HJR obtained authorisation for a branch line to an independent Bradford terminus, from a junction on its own line at Laister Dyke; also authorised was a colliery branch to Gildersome. The relevant Act was passed on 4 August 1853. The Bradford terminus became known as Adolphus Street.[6] [8]
This "Further Powers" Act also ratified the Great Northern Railway running powers over the LB&HJR, and also over the L&YR between Bradford and Halifax.[9] The Great Northern Railway had built its own Low Level station adjacent to Leeds Central station in order to escape the costs of the joint Central Station, which it had previously agreed to pay for with three other companies. It now realised that its Low Level station would be unable to handle the additional traffic, and the GNR negotiated to return to the joint station. In June 1854 it secured agreement on payment of £12,000, its share of the cost of works up to that time. The GNR would be able to use the L&YR line from near the intended Holbeck Junction to Central, on payment to the L&YR of £20,000. This avoided a junction with the Leeds and Dewsbury Railway. These arrangements, and a million pounds of new capital, were sanctioned by an Act of 2 July 1855.[8]
The Board of Trade inspecting officer inspected the LB&HJR main line on 11 July 1854 and was satisfied, and the line opened on 1 August 1854.[6] The opening included the short branch to the Bradford Adolphus Street terminus. The system was double track throughout; the main line was 8chain66chain in length, and the Bradford branch was 1miles. The gradients were steep. Stations were at Bowling, Laister Dyke, Stanningley, Bramley, and Armley & Wortley. The exchange (high level) station at Holbeck, above the Midland station, was not opened until 2 July 1855.[10] [11]
Ten trains were run each way on weekdays between Leeds and Bradford, and eight each way between Leeds and Halifax. Except those including King's Cross through carriages, Halifax trains were operated by the L&YR. Through goods traffic began from 7 August 1854, but the goods stations on the line were not ready, preventing a local goods service until the end of November The Bradford Adolphus Street station was not ready for several months afterwards, and traffic was dealt with at the L&Y station in the meantime.[10]
The LB&HJR obtained a further Act on 10 July 1854 to extend the as-yet unfinished Gildersome branch to Ardsley,[6] where it was to make a junction with the Bradford, Wakefield and Leeds Railway, which was authorised on the same day. The directors were able to travel over the line to Gildersome on 19 August 1856, and the line opened to the public on 20 August 1856; passenger operation was now added to its working arrangements. The branch was 5miles in length; there were stations at Dudley Hill, Birkenshaw & Tong, Drighlington & Adwalton, and Gildersome. By the end of September five coal trains a day were working from Adwalton coalfield to Bradford. Passenger traffic was considered satisfactory considering the small local population. Ordinary goods trains started running on 1 May 1857.[12] [13]
The Gildersome branch curved through almost 180 degrees after leaving Laister Dyke in order to climb to a summit of nearly above sea level close to Dudley Hill.[14] The authorised extension from Gildersome to Ardsley opened on 10 October 1857,[6] with a single station at Morley, later followed by a Tingley station. The new section was long, and double track. It provided an alternative route between Wakefield and Bradford, but was even more heavily graded than the route via Holbeck, with gradients of 1 in 40. From 1 December a through carriage from King's Cross to Bradford was diverted over it.[12] [13]
See main article: Bradford, Wakefield and Leeds Railway. The Bradford, Wakefield and Leeds Railway opened its main line on 3 October 1857, from Wakefield to Holbeck Junction, Leeds. The line was worked by the GNR, which thereby widened its influence in the West Riding, also securing a shortening of its route from Doncaster to Leeds. The L&YR had running powers and also ran trains on the line.[12] The GNR was at last able to run trains from the south into Central Station at Leeds without needing to reverse them in. In addition to the main line, there was a spur from Wortley South junction to Wortley West junction, allowing through running from Wakefield to Bradford. The BW&LR had running powers over the LB&HJR, and into Leeds Central Station.[12] The BW&LR changed its name to the West Yorkshire Railway in 1863[15]
The LB&HJR were not always satisfied that the relationship with the GNR was in their interests, and in October 1858 an agreement was made with the GNR, that from 1 January 1859 it would provide its own staff and rolling stock on the Gildersome and Ardsley line. This was implemented, and lasted until June 1863.[16]
The LB&HJR obtained an Act on 7 June 1861 to extend to Batley. The line opened from Adwalton Junction (on the Gildersome branch) to a temporary station at Upper Batley on 19 August 1863. The line was double track and 2 miles 31 chains in extent. The remainder of the new line, on to the LNWR Batley station, was opened on 1 November 1864.[6] This extension had been authorised by an Act of 30 June 1862. It was mostly on a gradient of 1 in 50.[17]
By 1863 the goods traffic at Bradford, especially wool bales inwards, was overwhelming the facilities at the Adolphus Street station; the platforms were choked with consignments of wool waiting to be collected by merchants, who used railway premises as a free warehouse. Additional sidings were completed in 1864, but a scheme to spend a considerable sum on further enlargement was deferred. To relieve the situation, it was decided to transfer passenger traffic to the L&YR station, St George's (later named Bradford Exchange).[18]
GNR trains on the LB&HJR could only reach St George's station by reversal at Bowling Junction, so an Act was obtained on 14 July 1864 to authorise the LB&HJR to build a connecting line, from Hammerton Street junction on the Bradford branch to Mill Lane junction on the L&YR. The line was double, and only 57 chains long, but included Wakefield Road tunnel . The line was opened on 7 January 1867, (after the LB&HJR had been absorbed by the GNR,) and Adolphus Street station was given over to goods and mineral traffic. Use of the L&YR St George's station cost the GNR £1,500 a year plus a toll. The accommodation there was cramped, and the working of trains on the approach was restricted, so the arrangement was not entirely satisfactory.[18]
The separate existence of the LB&HJR as well as of the Bradford, Wakefield and Leeds Railway was drawing to a close, and both companies were acquired by the GNR, agreed on 8 April 1863. LB&HJR proprietors were to be paid a dividend of 6%, or the same dividend as paid by the GNR, whichever was greater. The necessary absorption bill failed in Parliament in 1864, but succeeded on 5 July 1865.[6] [19] [20]
The allied West Yorkshire Railway was also absorbed in 1865.[21] The LB&HJR and West Yorkshire Railway networks at the time of the GNR taking control were important, and formed the core of considerable subsequent extension by the GNR.
Local services on the Gildersome branch had been curtailed in the 1950s and all the stations except Morley had been closed to passengers. Express trains continued to call at Morley until 1960, when it too was closed. At that time, the only non-local through train had been a daily King's Cross to Bradford train[22]
Local traffic declined steeply in the 1950s, but in March 1967 a new station at New Pudsey was opened, intended as a park and ride station.
The Gildersome to Birkenshaw section was the first to be closed completely on 28 October 1966, which left two end on sidings. Then the sections from Birkenshaw to Dudley Hill and Gildersome to Morley Top were removed in March 1968, with the final stretch from Morley through Tingley to Ardsley being lifted in May 1969.
The Wortley Curve, a connecting spur between the Bradford to Leeds line and the Leeds to Wakefield Line was closed and lifted in 1985. Fears were raised at the time by Bradford people that this would end their direct services to London King's Cross. In fact the services continued by running to Leeds station and reversing there.[23] The City of Bradford and the Transport Users Consultative Committee took British Rail to court over what they saw as an illegal closure under section 56 of the Transport Act 1962, which required British Rail to complete certain formalities before closure. Interests in Bradford were further convinced of their city losing its direct London services when the East Coast Main Line electrification, announced in 1984, would extend to Leeds, but not Bradford.
InterCity trains to and from Bradford Interchange were diverted from October 1988 to use the former Midland Railway Airedale line through Shipley and into Bradford Forster Square.[24] This had been suggested by Bradford Council, noting that commuters from the south of Bradford, who were formerly served by the GNR lines, often drove to Leeds or Wakefield to catch fast trains to London.
This service has continued into the 21st century, with the benefit of the 1995 electrification of the Airedale line.[25] [26] The original Leeds to Bradford main line remains at the present day one of two routes between the two cities; the Bradford Interchange station is a reversal point for trains continuing to Halifax and beyond. The Bowling connection closed to passengers in 1969.[27]
The list below details the stations on the LB&HJR between Bradford and Leeds. New Pudsey was opened by British Rail in 1967, so is not included.[37] All of the stations on the line were approved for closure by Barbara Castle MP maintaining that this would improve services between Leeds and Bradford.[38] With the exception of Stanningley, all of the stations on the line were closed in July 1966. Bramley re-opened under the West Yorkshire PTE in 1983.[39]
Between Bradford Adolphus Street and Holbeck Junction, the line ran to with Stanningley viaduct and Hillfoot Tunnel being the major engineered structures on the line.[40]
| Name | Coordinates | Closed to passengers | Closed completely | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolphus Street | 53.79°N -1.7454°W | 6 January 1867 | 1 May 1972 | |
| Bowling | 53.7866°N -1.7369°W | 1 February 1895 | 4 May 1964 | |
| Laisterdyke[41] | 53.7914°N -1.7167°W | 2 July 1966 | May 1978 | |
| Stanningley (for Farsley) | 53.8052°N -1.6653°W | 30 December 1967 | 1979 | |
| Bramley | 53.8055°N -1.6378°W | 2 July 1966 | ||
| Armley Moor[42] | 53.7953°N -1.5966°W | 2 July 1966 | 1984 | |
| Holbeck (High Level) | 53.7933°N -1.5634°W | 5 July 1958 |
The line opened with six new stations, but local services could call at a total of twelve on the run through from Bradford to Wakefield. Exchange/Adolphus Street, Laisterdyke and St Dunstans in the Bradford area and Ardsley, Lofthouse & Outwood[43] and Westgate in the Wakefield area. In 1950, Morley station was renamed 'Morley Top' to distinguish it from the Morley station on the Leeds to Dewsbury line (ex London North Western Railway and London Midland Scottish Railway lines). The two stations had been referred to as 'Top' and 'Low' by local people long before British Rail added in the names to avoid confusion. In June 1961, the suffix '& Adwalton' was dropped from Drighlington station.[44]
| Name | Coordinates | Closed to passengers | Closed completely | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dudley Hill | 53.7735°N -1.7211°W | 5 April 1952 | 17 December 1979 | |
| Birkenshaw & Tong | 53.7582°N -1.6874°W | 3 October 1953 | 7 September 1964 | |
| Drighlington & Adwalton | 53.7474°N -1.6629°W | 30 December 1951 | 1 June 1964 | |
| Gildersome | 53.7508°N -1.6318°W | 11 June 1955 | 16 March 1968 | |
| Morley Top | 53.7408°N -1.6002°W | 31 December 1960 | 5 May 1969 | |
| Tingley | 53.735°N -1.5751°W | 30 January 1954 | 5 May 1969 |
The only section of the LB&HJR that is open is from Mill Lane Junction in Bradford to Holbeck Junction in Leeds, which sees services using it as part of the Calder Valley line. The final stretch of line from what was Laisterdyke East Junction into Mill lane at Bradford (1chain54chain) is still annotated on railway mapping as being from London King's Cross that was measured via the Gildersome Branch.
The section of cutting just south of Drighlington village was used first as a landfill site and was then built on when the A650 road bypassed the village in 1991.[45] Further west at Tong Moor, a small section of the former trackbed is now a footpath along the edge of the Tong Moor Nature Reserve.[46] [47]
Dudley Hill remained open until August 1981 to serve the distribution depot of a steelholder. After the lines around Bradford were closed and lifted, access to Dudley Hill was via a very long siding from Bowling Junction. This line used to connect at Laisterdyke, but since the Gildersome's Branch closure, access was available only by going north from Halifax and turning off after the former Bowling Junction station and heading east avoiding Bradford. Previously at Laisterdyke, the line intersected with the other Great Northern lines in the area, but it curved through Cutlers Junction and turned 180 degrees to go to Dudley Hill.
In 1985, British Rail reconnected the junction to the west of what was Laisterdyke station to permit access from the Leeds to Bradford line, which allowed the closure of the section from Bowling to Laisterdyke. The reconnection was to enable metal to be forwarded from a scrap dealer whose yard was adjacent to the line. English, Welsh & Scottish Railway used this section sporadically to forward scrap metal to either Alexandra Dock in Liverpool[48] or Port Talbot steelworks. All trains had to access the terminal by heading towards Bradford from Leeds and then reversing in as no crossover was fitted. The trains then left via a run-round manoeuvre in Bradford Interchange[49] before heading south via Halifax, where the Port Talbot trains would take the curve towards Brighouse and pass through, or either recess at, Healey Mills Yard.[50]
New stations have been proposed for opening at Bowling (junction) and at Laisterdyke.[51] The area around where Laisterdyke station used to be is now short on space when formerly it was an important station with 7 lines radiating from it.[52] It is projected that a new station at Laisterdyke could attract passenger numbers of 558,000 per year.[53]
Laisterdyke was the summit of the Leeds to Bradford line, with the line falling at between 1 in 100 to 1 in 50 down to Leeds and a small but sharp drop of 1 in 50 down to Exchange. The total route mileage as measured by the LNER had Leeds Central to Bradford Exchange as .[54] The full distance from Wakefield Westgate to Bradford Exchange was .
| From | To | Distance | Total route mileage | Closure Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holbeck Junction | Laisterdyke | 6miles | 6miles | Still open | |
| Laisterdyke | Ardsley | 10miles | 16miles | Closed completely by August 1981 | |
| Laisterdyke | Hammerton Street | 17miles | Still open | ||
| Hammerton Street | Adolphus Street | 17miles | May 1972 | ||
| Laisterdyke | Bowling Junction | 1miles | 19miles | August 1981 | |
| Hammerton Street | Mill Lane Junction | 20miles | Still Open |
The Great Northern Railway in Yorkshire