Lederbergia Explained

Lederbergia is a genus of gram-positive or Gram-variable, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales.[1] [2] The type species for this genus is Lederbergia galactosidilyticus.[3]

Lederbergia is composed of species originally belonging to the genus Bacillus, whose complicated evolutionary interspecies relationships has been long under scrutiny by the scientific community.[4] [5] The polyphyletic nature of the genus occurred as a result of the vague criteria used to assign species into the clade.[6] Multiple studies focused on phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses set out to clarify the taxonomy of the genus resulting in the restriction of the genus Bacillus to only include species closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus[7] as well as transfer many species into new novel genera such as Virgibacillus, Solibacillus, Brevibacillus and Ectobacillus.[8] [9] [10]

The name Lederbergia was named after the American microbiologist Professor Esther Miriam Zimmer Lederberg (1922–2006) to celebrate her pioneering contributions to the fields of bacterial genetics and microbiology.

Biochemical characteristics and molecular signatures

Members of the genus Lederbergia could be aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. They are all endospore-forming and generally motile cells. They are catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and urease-negative. Species can be found in milk, soil and digestive fauna. The optimal growth rate for members of this genus occurs in the range of NaNabbr=NaNabbr=.

Four conserved signature indels (CSIs) have been identified through genome sequence analysis as specific for the genus Lederbergia in proteins such as DEAD/DEAH box helicase, YidC family membrane integrase SpoIIIJ, peptide deformylase and NCS2 family permease. These CSIs provide a novel and reliable means to distinguish Lederbergia species from other Bacillaceae genera and bacteria in molecular terms.

Taxonomy

, there are a total of 6 species with validly published names in the genus Lederbergia. In various phylogenetic trees constructed based on concatenated sequences from various protein datasets, as well as 16S rRNA, members of this genus formed a monophyletic branch, indicating their evolutionary relatedness. This branching pattern was also reflected in the Genome Taxonomy Database.[11]

There is one non-validly published species, Bacillus niameyensis, that was also found to branch reliably with other members of the Lederbergia clade as well as share the unique molecular markers. However, transfer was not proposed for this species due to the lack of culture strain information, which demonstrates the importance of revisiting this genus later on for additional analyses when their genome sequence and culture strain information becomes available.

Notes and References

  1. Gupta. Radhey S.. Patel. Sudip. Saini. Navneet. Chen. Shu. 2020-11-01. Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. en. 70. 11. 5753–5798. 10.1099/ijsem.0.004475. 1466-5026. 33112222. free.
  2. Book: 2005. Brenner. Don J.. Krieg. Noel R.. Staley. James T.. Garrity. George M.. Boone. David R.. De Vos. Paul. Goodfellow. Michael. Rainey. Fred A.. Schleifer. Karl-Heinz. Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology. 10.1007/0-387-28022-7. 978-0-387-24144-9. 2021-05-29. 2023-03-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20230309022218/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/0-387-28022-7. live.
  3. Web site: Genus: Lederbergia. 2021-05-29. lpsn.dsmz.de. en. 2021-05-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20210520175632/https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/lederbergia. live.
  4. Logan. N.A.. 2011-12-20. Bacillus and relatives in foodborne illness. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 112. 3. 417–429. 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05204.x. 1364-5072. 22121830. free.
  5. La Duc. Myron T. Satomi. Masataka. Agata. Norio. Venkateswaran. Kasthuri. March 2004. gyrB as a phylogenetic discriminator for members of the Bacillus anthracis–cereus–thuringiensis group. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 56. 3. 383–394. 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.11.004. 0167-7012. 14967230. 2021-05-29. 2023-03-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20230309022227/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167701203003191?via%3Dihub. live.
  6. Ash. Carol. Farrow. J.A.E.. Wallbanks. Sally. Collins. M.D.. 2008-06-28. Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the genus Bacillus revealed by comparative analysis of small-subunit-ribosomal RNA sequences. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 13. 4. 202–206. 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1991.tb00608.x. 82988953. 0266-8254. 2021-05-29. 2023-03-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20230309022215/https://academic.oup.com/lambio/article/13/4/202/6708762. live.
  7. Patel. Sudip. Gupta. Radhey S.. 2020-01-01. A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov.. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. en. 70. 1. 406–438. 10.1099/ijsem.0.003775. 1466-5026. 31617837. free.
  8. Heyndrickx. M.. Lebbe. L.. Kersters. K.. Hoste. B.. De Wachter. R.. De Vos. P.. Forsyth. G.. Logan. N. A.. 1999-07-01. Proposal of Virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 49. 3. 1083–1090. 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1083. 1466-5026. 10425765. free.
  9. Shida. O.. Takagi. H.. Kadowaki. K.. Komagata. K.. 1996-10-01. Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. en. 46. 4. 939–946. 10.1099/00207713-46-4-939. 0020-7713. 8863420. free.
  10. Mual. Poonam. Singh. Nitin Kumar. Verma. Ashish. Schumann. Peter. Krishnamurthi. Srinivasan. Dastager. Syed. Mayilraj. Shanmugam. 2016-05-01. Reclassification of Bacillus isronensis Shivaji et al. 2009 as Solibacillus isronensis comb. nov. and emended description of genus Solibacillus Krishnamurthi et al. 2009. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. en. 66. 5. 2113–2120. 10.1099/ijsem.0.000982. 1466-5026. 26907585. free.
  11. Web site: GTDB – Tree. 2021-05-25. gtdb.ecogenomic.org. 2021-05-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20210525154105/https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/tree?r=d__Bacteria. live.

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