Lebbo' people explained

Group:	Lebbo' people
Popplace:	Borneo
Region1:	Indonesia (East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan)
Pop1:	n/a
Langs:	Basap language, Indonesian language
Rels:	Christianity, Kaharingan

The Lebbo' people (also known as the Basap) are part of the indigenous Dayak people of East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Before the modern era, the Lebbo' people were often hunter-gatherers or horticulturalists.

Most members of the Lebbo' live in the Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat Karst range and speak a variety of the Basap language.^[1]

Population genetics

In their full autosomal genome, the Lebbo' harbor both Austronesian-related and Mainland Southeast Asian (=Austroasiatic-related) ancestries, like most ethnic groups in the western part of Insular Southeast Asia. Additionally (and – as of now – uniquely among peoples sampled from Borneo and other parts of western Insular Southeast Asia), they have a significant ancestral compontent related to Papuans.^{[2] [3]}

In a small sample of Lebbo' males (15 individuals) the following Y-DNA haplogroups were found: C* (M130) 13.33%, K* (M9) 6.67%, K2 (M526) 13.33%, O1b1a1a1a1a (M88) 33.33%, O1a2 (M50) 26.67%, and O2a1b~ (M164) 6.67%.^[4] A previous study found a small percentage of Lebbo' males (two individuals) to be the only known members of the rare C1b1a2a, also known as C-B67. According to a study by the same team of researchers published in 2022, C-B67 also has been found in one individual from Lembata and four individuals from Flores, both of which are islands in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.^[5] (The less rare sibling clade C1b1a2b/C-F725 has been found in members of the Murut people in Brunei, Malay people in Singapore, Aeta people in the Philippines, and Han Chinese in China.^[6])

The most common Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups found amongst a small sample of 19 Lebbo' individuals were: B4a 21.05%, B5a 15.79%, M20 15.79%, M71a2 15.79%, R9b1a1a 10.53% and E1a 21.05% out of a sample size of 19 Lebbo' people.^[4]

Notes and References

1. Book: Guerreiro, Antonio J. . 2015 . The Lebbo’ language and culture: A window on Borneo’s ancient past . I WayanArka . Ni LuhNyoman Seri Malini . Ida Ayu Made Puspani . Papers from 12-ICAL, Volume 4 . Asia-Pacific linguistics 019 / Studies on Austronesian languages 005 . Canberra . The Australian National University . 149–178 . https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/13514/1/Papers_ICAL_Volume_4.pdf#page=146.
2. Lipson. Mark. Loh. Po-Ru. Patterson. Nick. Moorjani. Priya. Ko. Ying-Chin. Stoneking. Mark. Berger. Bonnie. Reich. David. 19 August 2014. Reconstructing Austronesian population history in Island Southeast Asia. Nature Communications. 5. 4689. 2014NatCo...5.4689L. 10.1038/ncomms5689. 4143916. 25137359.
3. Carlhoff. Selina. Duli. Akin. Nägele. Kathrin. Nur. Muhammad. Skov. Laurits. Sumantri. Iwan. Oktaviana. Adhi Agus. Hakim. Budianto. Burhan. Basran. Syahdar. Fardi Ali. McGahan. David P.. August 2021. Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea. Nature. en. 596. 7873. 543–547. 10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6. 1476-4687. 34433944. 8387238. free. 10072/407535.
4. Kusuma, P. et al. Contrasting Linguistic and Genetic Origins of the Asian Source Populations of Malagasy. Sci. Rep. 6, 26066; doi: 10.1038/srep26066 (2016).
5. Monika Karmin, Rodrigo Flores, Lauri Saag, et al. (2022), "Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages." Mol. Biol. Evol. 39(3): msac045 doi:10.1093/molbev/msac045.
6. Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, Wilson Sayres MA, Järve M, Talas UG, Rootsi S, Ilumäe AM, Mägi R, Mitt M, Pagani L, Puurand T, Faltyskova Z, Clemente F, Cardona A, Metspalu E, Sahakyan H, Yunusbayev B, Hudjashov G, DeGiorgio M, Loogväli EL, Eichstaedt C, Eelmets M, Chaubey G, Tambets K, Litvinov S, Mormina M, Xue Y, Ayub Q, Zoraqi G, Korneliussen TS, Akhatova F, Lachance J, Tishkoff S, Momynaliev K, Ricaut FX, Kusuma P, Razafindrazaka H, Pierron D, Cox MP, Sultana GN, Willerslev R, Muller C, Westaway M, Lambert D, Skaro V, Kovačevic L, Turdikulova S, Dalimova D, Khusainova R, Trofimova N, Akhmetova V, Khidiyatova I, Lichman DV, Isakova J, Pocheshkhova E, Sabitov Z, Barashkov NA, Nymadawa P, Mihailov E, Seng JW, Evseeva I, Migliano AB, Abdullah S, Andriadze G, Primorac D, Atramentova L, Utevska O, Yepiskoposyan L, Marjanovic D, Kushniarevich A, Behar DM, Gilissen C, Vissers L, Veltman JA, Balanovska E, Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Metspalu A, Fedorova S, Eriksson A, Manica A, Mendez FL, Karafet TM, Veeramah KR, Bradman N, Hammer MF, Osipova LP, Balanovsky O, Khusnutdinova EK, Johnsen K, Remm M, Thomas MG, Tyler-Smith C, Underhill PA, Willerslev E, Nielsen R, Metspalu M, Villems R, Kivisild T . 6 . A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture . Genome Research . 25 . 4 . 459–66 . April 2015 . 25770088 . 4381518 . 10.1101/gr.186684.114 .