Hierarchical lists that rank universities are regularly published by the popular press. Intended originally as a marketing or a benchmarking tool, university rankings have become apart of many countries research evaluation and policy initiatives.[1]
Rankings of universities in South Africa are used to influence how students, parents, policymakers, employers, the wider public and other stakeholders think about higher education.These local league tables are based on international university rankings since there are no South African rankings yet. This absence might be attributed to international criticism of college and university rankings. Its generally agreed that rankings apply questionable criteria and an opaque methodology. The Council for Higher Education (CHE) has recently taken a critical perspective on university rankings,[4] publishing an opinion that argues that rankings are both neocolonial and neoliberal. According to the author, more than 47 publishing companies have used “inappropriate indicators …as a proxy for offering a quality education”.[5]
Higher Education is being re-shaped by private for-profit companies[6] and are part of a billion-dollar profit center for the companies owning them.[7] Ranking companies prey on universities and governments in the global south, and their anxieties to be seen as a “world class” university. This has led to number of gaming behaviors in the sector.[8] This is a global problem, and it seems that Higher Education priorities are misplaced, with marketing and communications officials focused on branding their institutions, looking appealing to prospective students, by referring repeatedly to rankings, instead of focusing on the needs of actual students.[9] Since 2013, Rhodes University has held this critical position about rankings [10] Rhodes position was given credence by Wits University, when Wits recently re-published an article in “The Conversation”[11] entitled “ University rankings are unscientific and bad for education: experts point out the flaws”.[12] This stance is increasingly supported by notable institutions beyond North America, such as the University of Zurich, Utrecht University, and some of the Indian Institutes of Technology.[13] Recently Nature concurred with this opinion that rankings are methodologically problematic.
Notwithstanding the above information, the numerous international university rankings do seem to agree that South Africa's university system is the strongest on the continent: it is home to 8 of the top 10 highest ranked African universities,[14] [15] they just can’t seem to come to a consensus as to which of the big five are academically, after University of Cape Town,[16] also sit at the top of the league tables. The race for second place, takes place between Stellenbosch University, University of Pretoria, University of the Witwatersrand, University of Johannesburg and University of Kwa Zulu Natal as they each vie for the next highest position, with no consensus on who is ranked below the first position, in the Olympic rankings race.[17]
See also: University admissions in South Africa. A 2010 Centre for Higher Education Transformation report identified three university clusters in South Africa, grouped according to function.The input variables used to group universities were:
The output variables were:
The Red cluster constitutes the top research-intensive universities. The Blue cluster consists of institutions focused primarily on technical training, while the Green cluster includes institutions which show characteristics of both missions. The clusters are:[18]
| South African University Clusters | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Cluster | Green Cluster | Blue Cluster | |
| Top Research-Intensive Universities | Technical Training | Research-Intensive Universities & Technical Training | |
| University of the Witwatersrand | University of the Free State | Vaal University of Technology | |
| Stellenbosch University | University of KwaZulu-Natal | Central University of Technology | |
| University of Cape Town | North-West University | Durban University of Technology | |
| University of Pretoria | University of Fort Hare | Mangosuthu University of Technology | |
| Rhodes University | University of Limpopo | Tshwane University of Technology | |
| University of the Western Cape | Cape Peninsula University of Technology | ||
| University of Johannesburg | University of Venda | ||
| Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University | Walter Sisulu University | ||
| University of Zululand | |||
In part because of the inherent difficulty of ranking complex educational institutions, there are an expanding number of competing international university ranking schemes, each with a different emphasis. Four of the most prominent are the Times Higher Education World University Rankings (most widely accepted), The Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), QS World University Rankings, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU, sometimes referred to as the "Shanghai Rankings").
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked the top South African universities as follows:[19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32]
| Times Higher Education 2011 to 2024 South Africa Rank | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA Rank | University | World Rank | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||
| 1 | University of Cape Town | 167 | 160 | 183 | 155 | 136 | 136 | 171 | 148 | 120 | 124 | 126 | 126 | 103 | 107 | |
| =2 | Stellenbosch University | 301–350 | 251–300 | 251–300 | 251–300 | 251–300 | 251–300 | 351–400 | 401-500 | 301-350 | 276-300 | 301-350 | 301-350 | 251-275 | - | |
| =2 | University of the Witwatersrand | 301–350 | 251–300 | 251–300 | 201–250 | 194 | 194 | 251–300 | 182 | 201-250 | 251-275 | 226-250 | 226-250 | 251-275 | - | |
| 4 | University of Johannesburg | 401–500 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601-800 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =5 | University of KwaZulu-Natal | 501–600 | 401–500 | 351–400 | 351–400 | 401–500 | 401–500 | 401–500 | 501-600 | 401-500 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =5 | University of Pretoria | 501–600 | 801–1000 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601-800 | 501-600 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =7 | North-West University | 601–800 | 601–800 | 501–600 | 501–600 | 501–600 | 501–600 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =7 | University of the Western Cape | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601–800 | 601-800 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =9 | University of the Free State | 801–1000 | 801–1000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =9 | Rhodes University | - | 801–1000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =11 | Durban University of Technology | 1001–1200 | 501–600 | 401–500 | 401–500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =11 | University of South Africa | 1001–1200 | 1001–1200 | 801–1000 | 1001+ | 1001+ | 1001+ | 801–1000 | 801+ | 601-800 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =13 | University of Venda | 1201–1500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =13 | Tshwane University of Technology | 1201–1500 | - | 1001–1200 | 1001+ | 801–1000 | 801–1000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =13 | Cape Peninsula University of Technology | 1201–1500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| =13 | University of Fort Hare | - | 1201–1500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
QS World University Rankings ranked the top South African universities as follows (before 2010 the ranking was known as the Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings):[33]
| QS World University 2006 to 2024 South Africa Rank | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA Rank | University | World Rank | |||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2012 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||
| 1 | University of Cape Town | 173 | 237 | 226 | 220 | 198 | 200 | 191 | 191 | 171 | 141 | 145 | 154 | 161 | 146 | 176 | 200 | 257 | |
| 2 | University of Witwatersrand | 264 | 428 | 424 | 403 | 400 | 381 | 364 | 359 | 331 | 318 | 313 | 363 | 360 | 321 | 319 | 282 | 322 | |
| 3 | Stellenbosch University | 283 | 454 | 482 | 456 | 427 | 405 | 361 | 395 | 401-410 | 390 | 387 | 401- 450 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 4 | University of Johannesburg | 306 | 412 | 434 | 439 | 501-510 | 551-560 | 601-650 | 601-650 | 601-650 | 601-650 | 601-650 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 5 | University of Pretoria | 323 | 591-600 | 601-650 | 561-570 | 551-560 | 561-570 | 501-550 | 551-600 | 501-550 | 471-480 | 471-480 | 501-550 | 451–500 | 401–500 | 501–600 | 469 | 509 | |
| 6 | University of Kwazulu-Natal | 621-630 | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 751-800 | 701-750 | 651-700 | 551-600 | 501-550 | 501-550 | 551-600 | 501–550 | 501–600 | 401–500 | 487 | 484 | |
| 7 | North-West University | 801-850 | 1001-1200 | 1001-1200 | 1001+ | 1001+ | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 701+ | 701+ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 8 | University of South Africa | 851-900 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 9 | Rhodes University | 901-950 | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 701-750 | 551-600 | 501-550 | 601-650 | 551-600 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 10 | University of the Western Cape | 951-1000 | 1001-1200 | 1001-1200 | 1001+ | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 801-1000 | 701+ | 701+ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 11 | University of the Free State | 1001-1200 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
The Academic Ranking of World Universities has ranked the top South African universities as follows:
| ARWU/Shanghai 2003 to 2024 South Africa Rank | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA rank | University | World Rank | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023[34] | 2022[35] | 2021[36] | 2020[37] | 2019[38] | 2018[39] | 2017[40] | 2016[41] | 2015[42] | 2014[43] | 2013[44] | 2012[45] | 2011 | 2010[46] | 2009[47] | 2008[48] | 2007[49] | 2006[50] | 2005[51] | 2004[52] | 2003[53] | |||
| 1 | University of Cape Town | 201-300 | 201-300 | 201-300 | 201-300 | 201-300 | 201-300 | 301-400 | 201-300 | 201-300 | 201–300 | 201–300 | 201–300 | 201–300 | 201–300 | 201–302 | 201–302 | 203–304 | 201–300 | 203–300 | 202–301 | 251–300 | |
| 2 | University of the Witwatersrand | 301-400 | 301-400 | 301-400 | 201-300 | 201-300 | 301-400 | 201-300 | 201-300 | 201-300 | 201–300 | 301–400 | 301–400 | 301–400 | 301–400 | 303–401 | 303–401 | 305–402 | 301–400 | 301–400 | 302–403 | 451–500 | |
| =3 | Stellenbosch University | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401–500 | 401–500 | 401–500 | 401–500 | 401–500 | 402–501 | 402–503 | 403–510 | 401–500 | 401–500 | 404–502 | 451–500 | |
| =3 | University of Pretoria | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| =5 | North-West University | 501-600 | 601-700 | 601-700 | 601-700 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| =5 | University of Johannesburg | 501-600 | 401-500 | 601-700 | 601-700 | - | - | 401-500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| =5 | 501-600 | 501-600 | 601-700 | 501-600 | 401-500 | - | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401-500 | 401–500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| 8 | University of South Africa | 901-1000 | 901-1000 | 601-700 | 801-900 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 9 | University of the Free State | - | 901-1000 | 901-1000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 10 | Rhodes University | - | - | - | 901-1000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
The CWUR ranked the top South African Universities as follows:[54] [55]
| 2024 Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| SA Rank | University | 2024[56] | |
| 1 | University of Cape Town | 271 | |
| 2 | University of the Witwatersrand | 291 | |
| 3 | Stellenbosch University | 440 | |
| 4 | University of KwaZulu-Natal | 483 | |
| 5 | University of Pretoria | 538 | |
| 6 | University of Johannesburg | 624 | |
| 7 | North-West University | 869 | |
| 8 | University of the Free State | 1127 | |
| 9 | University of Western Cape | 1154 | |
| 10 | University of South Africa | 1293 | |
| 11 | Rhodes University | 1321 | |
| 12 | Nelson Mandela University | 1707 | |
| 13 | Tshwane University of Technology | 1959 | |
| 2024 Round University Ranking (RUR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| SA Rank | University | 2024[57] | |
| 1 | University of Cape Town | 176 | |
| 2 | University of Witwatersrand | 396 | |
| 3 | University of KwaZulu Natal | 442 | |
| 4 | Stellenbosch University | 458 | |
| 5 | University of Johannesburg | 490 | |
| 6 | University of Pretoria | 503 | |
| 7 | University of South Africa | 683 | |
| 2024 USNWR Global Rankings | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| SA Rank | University | 2024[58] | |
| 1 | University of Cape Town | 116 | |
| 2 | University of Witwatersrand | 264 | |
| 3 | Stellenbosch University | 311 | |
| 4 | University of Johannesburg | 357 | |
| 5 | University of Kwazulu Natal | 401 | |
| 6 | University of Pretoria | 439 | |
| 7 | North West University | 540 | |
| 8 | University of the Western Cape | 726 | |
| 9 | University of South Africa | 861 | |
| 10 | University of the Free State | 912 | |
| 11 | Rhodes University | 953 | |
| 12 | Tshwane University of Technology | 1181 | |
| 13 | Durban University of Technology | 1223 | |
| 14 | Nelson Mandela University | 1268 | |
| 15 | University of Limpopo | 2182 | |
| 16 | University of Venda | Unranked | |
| 2024 Scimago Global University Rankings | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| SA Rank | University | 2024[59] | |
| 1 | University of Cape Town | 838 | |
| 2 | University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg | 1247 | |
| 3 | Stellenbosch University | 1295 | |
| 4 | University of Pretoria | 1297 | |
| 5 | University of KwaZulu-Natal * | 1354 | |
| 6 | University of Johannesburg | 1699 | |
| 7 | North-West University | 2201 | |
| 8 | University of South Africa | 2779 | |
| 9 | University of the Western Cape | 3498 | |
| 10 | University of the Free State | 4236 | |
| 11 | Tshwane University of Technology | 4691 | |
| 12 | University of Fort Hare | 4865 | |
| 13 | Rhodes University | 5258 | |
| 14 | Durban University of Technology | 5769 | |
| 15 | University of Venda | 5959 | |
| 16 | Walter Sisulu University | 5969 | |
| 17 | Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University | 5994 | |
| 18 | Cape Peninsula University of Technology | 6246 | |
| 19 | University of Limpopo | 6884 | |
| 20 | Central University of Technology, Free State | 7065 | |
| 21 | University of Zululand | 7105 | |
| 22 | Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University | 7294 | |
| 23 | Vaal University of Technology | 7811 | |
URAP, which is a newer ranking scheme based solely on quantitative measures of academic productivity, includes data for a larger number of global universities, and thus gives an alternative view of the relative standing of more South African institutions. The 2020-2021 edition of URAP ranked the top South African Universities as follows:[60]
| 2024 URAP University Rankings | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| SA Rank | University | 2024 | |
| 1 | University of Cape Town | 243 | |
| 2 | University of Witwatersrand | 340 | |
| 3 | Stellenbosch University | 362 | |
| 4 | University of Kwazulu Natal | 371 | |
| 5 | University of Johannesburg | 467 | |
| 6 | University of Pretoria | 475 | |
| 7 | North West University | 589 | |
| 8 | University of the Free State | 884 | |
| 9 | University of South Africa | 970 | |
| 10 | University of the Western Cape | 1048 | |
| 11 | Rhodes University | 1298 | |
| 12 | Durban University of Technology | 1328 | |
| 13 | Tshwane University of Technology | 1392 | |
| 14 | Nelson Mandela University | 1432 | |
| 15 | University of Fort Hare | 1952 | |
| 16 | Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University | 2229 | |
| 17 | University of Venda | 2255 | |
| 18 | Cape Peninsula University of Technology | 2365 | |
| 19 | University of Limpopo | 2420 | |
| 20 | Walter Sisulu University | 2653 | |
| 21 | University of Zululand | 2735 | |
| 22 | Vaal University of Technology (VUT) | 2938 | |
University Admissions in South Africa are highly competitive. South Africa boasts many universities renowned for their quality education and research opportunities. The limited number of spots available and growing demand for tertiary education, creates high competition among matric students.
South African Universities have some of the lowest admission rates, as only NSC Results, standardized test scores (National Benchmark Test) and demographic information play a role in determining admission.
In 2023, around 900 000 students participated in the NSC final exams, with around 570 000 students passing. South African Universities have around 140 000 spaces for first years. Applications costs range from Free to R300 ($15). Applications request your Grade 11 NSC results, Gender, Race and Additionally may require you to write the National Benchmark Test. Acceptance rates range from 1.35% to 20%[61]
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