Le Jugement de Midas (The Judgement of Midas) is a French comédie mêlée d'ariettes (a kind of opéra comique), in three acts by André Grétry dedicated to Madame de Montesson. It was first performed, with amateur singers, on 28 March 1778 in the private little theatre set up by Madame de Montesson in the apartments of her secret husband Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans at the Palais-Royal in Paris.[1] The libretto is by the Irish playwright Thomas Hales (also known by the French name Thomas d'Hèle) with additional contributions by Louis Anseaume. It was based on the burlesque opera Midas (1760) by Kane O'Hara. The public premiere at the Comédie-Italienne took place on 27 June 1778.[2]
The original amateur cast of the private premiere at Madame de Montesson's is not known.
| Role | Voice type | Public Premiere Cast,[3] 27 June 1778 (Conductor: -) |
|---|---|---|
| Apollon | haute-contre | Jean-Baptiste Guignard, called Clairval |
| Mercure | basse-taille (bass-baritone) | Philippe-Thomas Ménier (also spelt Meunier) |
| Midas | taille (baritenor) | Jean-René Lecoupay de la Rosière |
| Palémon | basse-taille | M Nainville |
| Mopsa | soprano | Louise-Frédérique Moulinghen, née Schrœder |
| Lise | soprano | Catherine-Ursule Billion, née Bussa(rt), called Mlle Billioni |
| Chloé | soprano | Louise-Rosalie Gourgaud, née Lefebvre, called Mme Dugazon |
| Pan | basse-taille | Pierre-Marie Narbonne[4] |
| Marsias | haute-contre | Antoine Trial |
The overture depicts a storm during which Jupiter hurls Apollo from heaven as punishment for mocking him. Apollo disguises himself as a shepherd under the name "Alexis". His singing attracts the attention of the farmer Palemon. Palemon is a music lover and offers Apollo a job. He explains that the local bailli (magistrate) Midas has arranged marriages between Palémon's daughters Lise and Chloé and two other musical talents from the village, Pan and Marsias. Apollo is appalled at the quality of their singing. Paleon's wife Mopsa reproaches him for taking in a stranger, "Alexis", without knowing anything of his background.
Lise and Chloé discuss the attractions of the newcomer. Apollo also manages to charm Mopsa and begins to court both daughters. Soon Palémon and Mopsa are persuaded that he would make a better son-in-law than Pan or Marsias and they plot to get rid of them.
Midas is annoyed at the turn of events. He decrees that the choice of husbands will be decided by a singing contest. He completely rejects Apollo's new style of music, preferring Marsias's piece in the style of old-fashioned French Baroque opera and Pan's in the style of popular vaudevilles. Apollo responds with an allegorical song describing a competition between a nightingale, owl and cuckoo judged by a donkey. Midas is outraged at the insinuation and banishes him but Apollo punishes Midas by giving him donkey's ears. The god then reveals his true identity. Mercury descends from heaven to announce Jupiter has forgiven Apollo, who sets off for Parnassus with both daughters in tow.