The English Patient (film) explained

The English Patient
Director:Anthony Minghella
Producer:Saul Zaentz
Screenplay:Anthony Minghella
Music:Gabriel Yared
Cinematography:John Seale
Editing:Walter Murch
Studio:Tiger Moth Productions
Distributor:Miramax Films (United States)
Miramax International (United Kingdom; through Buena Vista International[1])
Runtime:162 minutes[2]
Country:United States[3] [4]
United Kingdom[5]
Budget:$27–43 million[6]
Gross:$232 million

The English Patient is a 1996 epic romantic war drama directed by Anthony Minghella from his own script based on the 1992 novel of the same name by Michael Ondaatje, and produced by Saul Zaentz. The film starred Ralph Fiennes and Kristin Scott Thomas alongside Juliette Binoche, Willem Dafoe and Colin Firth in supporting roles.

The eponymous protagonist, a man burned beyond recognition who speaks with an English accent, recalls his history in a series of flashbacks, revealing to the audience his true identity and the love affair in which he was involved before the war. The film ends with a definitive onscreen statement that it is a highly fictionalized account of László Almásy (died 1951) and other historical figures and events. The film received widespread critical acclaim and emerged as a major commercial success at the box-office.

The film received twelve nominations at the 69th Academy Awards, winning nine, including Best Picture, Best Director for Minghella, and Best Supporting Actress for Binoche. It was also the first to receive a Best Editing Oscar for a digitally edited film. Ralph Fiennes, playing the titular character, and Kristin Scott Thomas were Oscar-nominated for their performances. The film also won five BAFTA Awards and two Golden Globes. The British Film Institute ranked The English Patient the 55th-greatest British film of the 20th century.[7] The American Film Institute ranked it the 56th-greatest love story of all time.[8]

As of August 2021, the novel was in early development for a new BBC television series, co-produced by Miramax Television and Paramount Television Studios.[9] [10]

Plot

A British biplane, flying across the desert, is shot down by German gunners. The badly burned pilot is pulled from the wreckage and rescued by a group of Bedouin.

Hana, a French-Canadian WWII Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps combat nurse, discovers her boyfriend has been killed through a wounded soldier. In October 1944 Italy, she is caring for a dying, severely burned English-accented patient who says he cannot remember his name. His only possession is a copy of Herodotus's Histories, with personal notes, pictures, and mementos stored inside.

When a nurse friend is killed in front of her, Hana decides she is a curse to her loved ones. She gains permission to settle in a bombed-out monastery with her patient, as he is suffering during their hospital unit's relocation.

Lieutenant Kip, a Sikh sapper in the British Indian Army posted with Sergeant Hardy to clear German mines and booby traps, soon joins them. David Caravaggio, a Canadian Intelligence Corps operative who was tortured during a German interrogation, also arrives there. He questions the patient, who gradually reveals his past through a series of flashbacks. Over the days of the patient relating his story, Hana and Kip begin a shy love affair.

In the late 1930s, he was exploring a region of the Sahara, as he is Hungarian cartographer László Almásy. He was part of a Royal Geographical Society archeological and surveying expedition group, including his good friend, Englishman Peter Madox, and British couple Geoffrey and Katharine Clifton, who provided aerial surveys using their plane.

Almásy discovers through a Bedouin the location of the ancient Cave of Swimmers, containing cave paintings. As the group documents their find, Almásy and Katharine fall in love. He writes about her in notes folded into his book, which she discovers when he awkwardly accepts two watercolours of the cave walls and asks her to paste them into the book.

Upon returning to Cairo, they begin an affair, while the group arranges for more detailed archaeological surveys of the cave and the surrounding area. Almásy buys her a silver thimble as a gift. Some months later, Katharine abruptly breaks things off, fearing Geoffrey will discover them. Shortly afterward the archaeological projects are halted due to the onset of the war. Madox leaves his Tiger Moth airplane at Kufra Oasis before his return to Britain.

Caravaggio now seeks revenge for his injuries, so far killing the German interrogator who cut off his thumbs and the spy who identified him, but now seeks whoever provided maps to the Germans, allowing them to infiltrate Cairo. He suspects Almásy, asking "Did you kill the Cliftons?", to which Almásy concedes "Maybe... I did".

Almásy tells Caravaggio, with Hana listening nearby, about packing camp in 1941 when Geoffrey arrives overhead. He aims at Almásy, who jumps out of the way. Geoffrey is dead at the controls and Katharine badly injured in the front seat. It was an attempted double murder-suicide, as he uncovered their affair. Almásy carries her to the Cave of Swimmers. Seeing her wearing the thimble on a chain, she declares she has always loved him.

Leaving her there with provisions and his book, Almásy walks three days cross-desert. Arriving at British-held El Tag, he explains her desperate situation and asks for help, but a young officer detains him on suspicion of being a spy.

Transported away by train, Almásy escapes and eventually comes across a German army unit. They take him to the Kufra Oasis, where Madox has hidden his plane. Exchanging maps for fuel, Almásy flies to the cave, where he confirms Katharine's death. Taking her on the plane, they are burned when shot down, connecting to the opening scene. After hearing the story, Caravaggio gives up his quest for revenge.

Kip is reposted once he has cleared the explosives; he and Hana agree they will meet again. Later, Almásy tells her he has had enough by pushing many vials of morphine towards her. Though distraught, Hana grants his wish, administering the lethal dose. As he drifts to sleep, she reads him Katharine's final letter, written while alone in the cave. The next morning Hana goes with Caravaggio to Florence, holding Almásy's book tightly as they ride away.

Cast

In addition, Torri Higginson plays Mary and Liisa Repo-Martell plays Jan, appearing briefly as Hana's nursing corps colleagues.

Production

Saul Zaentz was interested in working with Anthony Minghella after he saw the director's film Truly, Madly, Deeply (1990); Minghella brought this project to the producer's attention. Michael Ondaatje, the Sri Lankan-born Canadian author of the novel, worked closely with the filmmakers.[11] According to Minghella, during the development of the project with 20th Century Fox, the "studio wanted the insurance policy of so-called bigger" actors.[12] Zaentz recalled, "they'd look at you and say, 'Could we cast Demi Moore in the role'?"[13] After months of disputes with Fox, the studio pulled out just three weeks before production was to begin and Harvey Weinstein came in and acquired worldwide rights for Miramax Films for $27.5 million.[12] After Miramax became involved, the director's preference for Scott Thomas in the role of Katharine was honored.[12] To help the film get made, cast and crew agreed to salary deferrals totalling $10 million and Zaentz met the remainder of the production costs. Including the deferred costs, Variety reported the production costs at $43 million. The deferments were due to be paid after the film broke even, however, although the actors received a deferred payment of $5 million, after over three years after release, others were still waiting for their deferred salaries, subject to an audit of the figures.[14] Zaentz sued Miramax in 2006 claiming $20 million but the case was still unresolved when Zaentz died in 2014.[15] [16]

The film was shot on location in Tunisia[17] and Italy.[18] [19]

The Conversations: Walter Murch and the Art of Editing Film[20] by Michael Ondaatje is based on the conversations between the author and film editor. Murch, with a career that already included such complex works as the Godfather trilogy, The Conversation, and Apocalypse Now, dreaded the task of editing the film with multiple flashbacks and time frames. Once he began, the possibilities became apparent, some of which took him away from the order of the original script. A reel without sound was made so scene change visuals would be consistent with the quality of the aural aspect between the two. The final cut features over 40 temporal transitions. It was during this time that Murch met Ondaatje and they were able to exchange thoughts about editing the film.[21]

In the film, two types of aircraft were used:[22] a De Havilland D.H.82 Tiger Moth and a Boeing-Stearman Model 75. Both are biplanes.[23] The camp crash scene was made with a -size scale model.

The Hungarian folk song, "Szerelem, Szerelem", performed by Muzsikas featuring Márta Sebestyén, was featured in the film.

Music

See main article: The English Patient (soundtrack).

Reception

The English Patient received widespread critical acclaim, and emerged as a major commercial success at the box-office, and received nine Academy Awards, six BAFTA awards, and two Golden Globe Awards.

Janet Maslin of The New York Times called the movie "a stunning feat of literary adaptation as well as a purely cinematic triumph".[24] In The New Yorker, Anthony Lane argues that "the triumph of the film lies not just in the force and the range of the performances—the crisp sweetness of Scott Thomas, say, versus the raw volatility of Binoche—but in Minghella's creation of an intimate epic: vast landscapes mingle with the minute details of desire, and the combination is transfixing".[25]

The film has a rating of 86% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 91 reviews, with an average of 7.90/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Though it suffers from excessive length and ambition, director Minghella's adaptation of the Michael Ondaatje novel is complex, powerful, and moving." The film also has a rating of 87/100 on Metacritic, based on 31 critical reviews. Chicago Sun Times critic Roger Ebert gave the film a four-star rating, saying "it's the kind of movie you can see twice – first for the questions, the second time for the answers".[26] In his movie guide, Leonard Maltin rated the film out of 4, calling it "a mesmerizing adaptation" of Ondaatje's novel, saying "Fiennes and Scott Thomas are perfectly matched", and he concluded by calling the film "an exceptional achievement all around".[27] In 2021, The Boston Globe called the movie a "masterpiece" in a 25-year anniversary review.[28]

Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "A−" on a scale of A+ to F.[29]

It became the highest-grossing film in the history of Miramax with a worldwide gross of $232 million.[30]

The film is referred to in the Seinfeld episode "The English Patient", where the character Elaine is shunned by her friends and co-workers for disliking the film.[31]

Accolades

AwardCategoryNominee(s)ResultRef.
Academy AwardsBest PictureSaul Zaentz[32]
[33]
Best DirectorAnthony Minghella
Best ActorRalph Fiennes
Best ActressKristin Scott Thomas
Best Supporting ActressJuliette Binoche
Best Screenplay – Based on Material Previously Produced or PublishedAnthony Minghella
Best Art DirectionArt Direction: Stuart Craig;
Set Decoration: Stephenie McMillan
Best CinematographyJohn Seale
Best Costume DesignAnn Roth
Best Film EditingWalter Murch
Best Original Dramatic ScoreGabriel Yared
Best SoundWalter Murch, Mark Berger, David Parker, and
Christopher Newman
American Cinema Editors AwardsBest Edited Feature FilmWalter Murch
American Society of Cinematographers AwardsOutstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical ReleasesJohn Seale[34]
Art Directors Guild AwardsExcellence in Production Design – Feature FilmStuart Craig and Aurelio Crugnola[35]
Artios AwardsOutstanding Achievement in Feature Film Casting – DramaDavid Rubin[36]
Australian Film Institute AwardsBest Foreign FilmSaul Zaentz[37]
Berlin International Film FestivalGolden BearAnthony Minghella[38]
Best ActressJuliette Binoche
Boston Society of Film Critics AwardsBest CinematographyJohn Seale[39]
British Academy Film AwardsBest FilmSaul Zaentz and Anthony Minghella[40]
Best DirectionAnthony Minghella
Best Actor in a Leading RoleRalph Fiennes
Best Actress in a Leading RoleKristin Scott Thomas
Best Actress in a Supporting RoleJuliette Binoche
Best Screenplay – AdaptedAnthony Minghella
Best CinematographyJohn Seale
Best Costume DesignAnn Roth
Best EditingWalter Murch
Best Make Up/HairFabrizio Sforza and Nigel Booth
Best Original MusicGabriel Yared
Best Production DesignStuart Craig
Best SoundMark Berger, Pat Jackson, Walter Murch, Chris Newman,
David Parker, and Ivan Sharrock
British Society of Cinematographers AwardsBest Cinematography in a Theatrical Feature FilmJohn Seale[41]
Cabourg Film FestivalBest ActressJuliette Binoche
César AwardsBest Foreign FilmAnthony Minghella[42]
Chicago Film Critics Association AwardsBest Film[43]
Best Supporting ActressJuliette Binoche
Best CinematographyJohn Seale
Chlotrudis AwardsBest Supporting ActorNaveen Andrews[44]
Best Supporting ActressJuliette Binoche
Cinema Audio Society AwardsOutstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion PicturesChristopher Newman, Walter Murch, Mark Berger, and
David Parker
Critics' Choice AwardsBest Picture[45]
Best DirectorAnthony Minghella
Best Screenplay
Czech Lion AwardsBest Foreign Film
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association AwardsBest Picture
Best Supporting ActressJuliette Binoche
Best CinematographyJohn Seale
Directors Guild of America AwardsOutstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion PicturesAnthony Minghella[46]
Empire AwardsBest British Director
European Film AwardsEuropean Film of the YearSaul Zaentz
European Actress of the YearJuliette Binoche
European Cinematographer of the YearJohn Seale
Florida Film Critics Circle AwardsBest Cinematography[47]
Golden Globe AwardsBest Motion Picture – Drama[48]
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – DramaRalph Fiennes
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – DramaKristin Scott Thomas
Best Supporting Actress – Motion PictureJuliette Binoche
Best Director – Motion PictureAnthony Minghella
Best Screenplay – Motion Picture
Best Original Score – Motion PictureGabriel Yared
Golden Reel AwardsMotion Picture Feature Films: Music EditingRobert Randles
Golden Screen Awards
Goya AwardsBest European FilmAnthony Minghella
Grammy AwardsBest Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for TelevisionThe English Patient – Gabriel Yared[49]
Japan Academy Film PrizeOutstanding Foreign Language Film
London Film Critics Circle AwardsBritish Director of the YearAnthony Minghella
Los Angeles Film Critics Association AwardsBest CinematographyJohn Seale[50]
Mainichi Film AwardsBest Foreign Language FilmAnthony Minghella
National Board of Review AwardsTop Ten Films[51]
Best Supporting ActressJuliette Binocherowspan="2"
Kristin Scott Thomas
National Society of Film Critics AwardsBest Supporting Actress[52]
Best CinematographyJohn Seale
Nikkan Sports Film AwardsBest Foreign Film
Online Film & Television Association AwardsBest PictureSaul Zaentz[53]
Best Drama Picture
Best DirectorAnthony Minghella
Best ActorRalph Fiennes
Best Drama Actor
Best ActressKristin Scott Thomas
Best Drama Actress
Best Supporting ActressJuliette Binoche
Best Screenplay – Based on Material from Another MediumAnthony Minghella
Best CinematographyJohn Seale
Best Film EditingWalter Murch
Best MakeupFabrizio Sforza and Nigel Booth
Best Production DesignStuart Craig and Stephanie McMillan
Best ScoreGabriel Yared
Producers Guild of America AwardsOutstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion PicturesSaul Zaentz[54]
Visionary Award – Theatrical Motion Pictures
Satellite AwardsBest Motion Picture – Drama[55]
Best DirectorAnthony Minghella
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – DramaRalph Fiennes
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – DramaKristin Scott Thomas
Best Screenplay – AdaptedAnthony Minghella
Best Art DirectionStuart Craig
Best CinematographyJohn Seale
Best Film EditingWalter Murch
Best Original ScoreGabriel Yared
Screen Actors Guild AwardsOutstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion PictureNaveen Andrews, Juliette Binoche, Willem Dafoe,
Ralph Fiennes, Colin Firth, Jürgen Prochnow,
Kristin Scott Thomas, and Julian Wadham
[56]
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading RoleRalph Fiennes
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading RoleKristin Scott Thomas
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting RoleJuliette Binoche
Society of Texas Film Critics AwardsBest Screenplay – AdaptedAnthony Minghella[57]
Southeastern Film Critics Association AwardsBest Picture[58]
Best ActorRalph Fiennes
Best Supporting ActressJuliette Binoche
Best ScreenplayAnthony Minghella
Turkish Film Critics Association AwardsBest Foreign Film
USC Scripter Awards[59]
Writers Guild of America AwardsBest Screenplay – Based on Material Previously Produced or PublishedAnthony Minghella[60]

Lists

YearCategoryDistinction
1999BFI Top 100 British films
2002AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions
In 2009, The English Patient was included in The Guardian's 25 best British films of the last 25 years list.[61]

See also

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The English Patient (1996). BBFC. 30 March 2021.
  2. Web site: The English Patient (15) . British Board of Film Classification. 4 December 1996. 4 March 2013.
  3. Web site: The English Patient. American Film Institute. December 1, 2017.
  4. Web site: The English Patient. https://web.archive.org/web/20170727131236/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7df27f4a. dead. July 27, 2017. British Film Institute. December 1, 2017.
  5. Web site: The English Patient. Bauer. Patricia. Encyclopædia Britannica. May 21, 2020.
  6. News: Masterful 'English Patient' . Barbara . Shulgasser . . 22 November 1996 . 30 May 2015.
  7. Web site: British Film Institute – Top 100 British Films . August 27, 2016 . cinemarealm.com . en-US.
  8. Web site: AFI's 100 YEARS…100 PASSIONS . 2022-11-13 . American Film Institute . en.
  9. News: Smith . Anna . The English Patient – is it time to revive the epic romance? . 27 September 2021.
  10. News: 'The English Patient' TV Series Adaptation In Works At BBC From Emily Ballou & Miramax TV . 27 September 2021.
  11. News: Remembering my friend Anthony Minghella . Michael . Ondaatje . . 24 March 2008 . 30 May 2015.
  12. News: Blades . John . 24 November 1996 . 'The English Patient': Minghella's Film Fitting Treatment of Ondaatje Novel . . dead . 30 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140808105344/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-11-24/news/9611240377_1_ondaatje-novel-film-movie . August 8, 2014.
  13. News: Saul Zaentz producer of Oscar winning movies dies at 92 . . 5 January 2014 . 30 May 2015 . subscription .
  14. Variety. March 20, 2000. Harris. Dana. Zaentz 'English' Impatient. 58.
  15. The Hollywood Reporter. September 29, 2011. 'The English Patient' Producer Saul Zaentz Sues Disney, Miramax for $20 Million . Belloni. Matthew. May 28, 2024.
  16. The Hollywood Reporter. February 5, 2014. Miramax Can't Trim Saul Zaentz's $20 Million 'English Patient' Lawsuit . Gardner. Eriq. May 28, 2024.
  17. Web site: 2016-04-20 . How we made The English Patient . 2023-02-01 . . en.
  18. Web site: The Tuscan locations in The English Patient Visit Tuscany . 2023-02-01 . www.visittuscany.com . en.
  19. Web site: Film locations for The English Patient (1996) . movie-locations.com . 2014 . 30 May 2015 . March 18, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160318170548/http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/e/engpatient.html . dead .
  20. Book: Ondaatje, Michael . The Conversations: Walter Murch and the Art of Editing Film . Knopf . 2002 . 978-0-37-570982-1.
  21. Web site: The Conversations: Walter Murch and the Art of Editing Film by Michael Ondaatje . Chris . Bolton . Powell's Books . 31 August 2002 . 30 May 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150530052328/http://www.powells.com/review/2002_08_31.html . May 30, 2015 . mdy-all .
  22. Web site: The English Patient . The Internet Movie Plane Database . 2015 . 30 May 2015.
  23. Web site: Stearman Model 75: History, performance and specifications . pilotfriend.com . 2006 . 30 May 2015.
  24. News: Maslin . Janet . 1996-11-15 . Adrift in Fiery Layers of Memory . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-11-13 . 0362-4331.
  25. The English Patient . 2022-11-13 . The New Yorker . en.
  26. Web site: The English Patient Movie Review (1996) . Roger . Ebert . rogerebert.com . 22 November 1996 . 30 May 2015.
  27. Book: Maltin, Leonard . 2013 Movie Guide . . 2013 . 416 . 978-0-451-23774-3.
  28. Web site: Joudrey . Tom . November 11, 2021 . In defense of 'The English Patient,' a masterpiece . 2022-11-14 . The Boston Globe . en-US.
  29. Web site: Cinemascore . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181220122629/https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ . 2018-12-20. 2020-07-21 .
  30. $225,000,000 and still going strong (advertisement). Screen International. 8 August 1997. 6–7.
  31. Web site: 2016-11-18 . Why Seinfeld Went in on The English Patient Vanity Fair . https://web.archive.org/web/20230921135015/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/seinfeld-the-english-patient-20th-anniversary . September 21, 2023 . 2023-09-21 . Vanity Fair.
  32. News: The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners . October 23, 2011 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141109082132/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1997 . November 9, 2014.
  33. News: Lawrence . Van Gelder . 'English Patient' Dominates Oscars With Nine, Including Best Picture . The New York Times . 25 March 1997 . 18 June 2008.
  34. Web site: The ASC Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110802060537/http://www.theasc.com/asc_news/awards/awards_history.php . 2011-08-02.
  35. Web site: 1997 Winners & Nominees . . November 7, 2021.
  36. Web site: Nominees/Winners . . July 10, 2019.
  37. Web site: AFI Past Winners - 1997 Winners & Nominees . AFI-AACTA . 24 January 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150104053151/http://aacta.org/winners-nominees/1990-1999/1997.aspx . 4 January 2015.
  38. Web site: Berlinale: 1997 Prize Winners . 8 January 2012 . berlinale.de . November 11, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131111234912/http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1997/03_preistr_ger_1997/03_Preistraeger_1997.html . dead.
  39. Web site: BSFC Winners: 1990s . . July 27, 2018 . July 5, 2021.
  40. Web site: BAFTA Awards: Film in 1997 . . 1997 . 16 September 2016 . .
  41. Web site: Best Cinematography in Feature Film . June 3, 2021.
  42. Web site: The 1998 Caesars Ceremony . . July 5, 2021.
  43. Web site: 1988-2013 Award Winner Archives . . January 2013 . August 24, 2021.
  44. Web site: 3rd Annual Chlotrudis Awards . . April 23, 2022.
  45. Web site: The BFCA Critics' Choice Awards :: 1996 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20081212034358/http://www.bfca.org/ccawards/1996.php . dead . December 12, 2008.
  46. Web site: 49th DGA Awards . . July 5, 2021.
  47. Web site: 1996 FFCC AWARD WINNERS . . August 24, 2021.
  48. Web site: The English Patient – Golden Globes . . July 5, 2021 . .
  49. Web site: 40th Annual GRAMMY Awards . . May 1, 2011.
  50. Web site: The 22nd Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards . . July 5, 2021.
  51. Web site: 1996 Award Winners . . July 5, 2021.
  52. Web site: Past Awards . . December 19, 2009 . July 5, 2021.
  53. Web site: 1st Annual Film Awards (1996) . Online Film & Television Association . May 15, 2021.
  54. News: Copeland. Jeff. Producers Honor a Very Patient Zaentz. October 12, 2017. E! News. March 13, 1997. https://web.archive.org/web/20170923124356/http://www.eonline.com/news/34197/producers-honor-a-very-patient-zaentz. September 23, 2017. live.
  55. Web site: 1997 Satellite Awards . . August 24, 2021.
  56. Web site: The 3rd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards. Screen Actors Guild Awards. May 21, 2016. November 1, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111101205428/http://www.sagawards.org/awards/nominees-and-recipients/3rd-annual-screen-actors-guild-awards. live.
  57. News: Marjorie . Baumgartner . . Fargo, You Betcha; Society of Texas Film Critics Announce Awards . December 27, 1996 . December 16, 2010.
  58. Web site: 1996 SEFA Awards . sefca.net . May 15, 2021.
  59. Web site: Past Scripter Awards . . November 8, 2021.
  60. Web site: Awards Winners . wga.org . Writers Guild of America . https://archive.today/20121205095022/http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551 . 2012-12-05 . 2010-06-06.
  61. News: Loach . Ken . 2009-08-29 . Gallery: From Trainspotting to Sexy Beast - the best British films 1984-2009 . en-GB . The Guardian . 2022-11-14 . 0261-3077.