| Lazar Baranovych | |
| Church: | Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople |
| Metropolis: | Metropolis of Kyiv |
| Diocese: | Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverkyi |
| See: | Chernihiv |
| Elected: | 8 March 1657 |
| Retired: | 1692 |
| Predecessor: | Zosimas Prokopovych |
| Successor: | Theodosius Polonytskyi-Uhlytskyi |
| Ordination: | 8 March 1657 (bishop) |
| Ordained By: | Gedeon of Suceava |
| Rank: |
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| Birth Name: | Luka Vasylyovych Baranovych |
| Birth Date: | 1620 |
| Birth Place: | Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Death Place: | Chernihiv, Cossack Hetmanate, Muscovite State |
| Buried: | at Boris and Gleb Cathedral, Chernihiv |
| Nationality: | Ukrainian (Ruthenian) |
| Religion: | Eastern Orthodox |
| Residence: | Chernihiv |
| Partner: | --> |
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| Alma Mater: | Wilno Theological Academy Kalisz Jesuit Collegium |
Lazar Baranovych or Baranovich (Ukrainian: Лазар Баранович, Russian: Лазарь Баранович, Polish: Łazarz Baranowicz; 1620 – 3 (13) September 1693 in Chernihiv, Tsardom of Russia) was a Ruthenian Eastern Orthodox archbishop of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and then of the Tsardom of Russia.
Ecclesiastical, political, and literary figure, professor (1650) and rector of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.
He founded schools and monasteries. While he supported the incorporation of left-bank Ukraine into the Tsardom of Russia, he also defended the independence of the Kyiv metropolis to the Patriarch of Moscow. He was the Bishop of Chernihiv from 1657 onwards. In 1658, when the presence of Muscovite troops forced Metropolitan Balaban to move his episcopal seat to Chyhyryn, the government in Moscow appointed Baranovych in his place.
In 1661, Pitirim of Moscow, who at that time was the Metropolitan of Krutitsy and the deputy of the Patriarch of Moscow, ordained Methodius Fylymonovych as Bishop of Mstsislaw. Fylymonovych was later appointed as Baranovych's vicar of the Metropolis of Kyiv. In 1662, Patriarch Nikon of Moscow cursed Metropolitan Pitirim for this act. The Patriarch of Constantinople also pronounced anathema on Methodius. As a result, the Ukrainian clergy refused to obey the new vicar. This first attempt by Moscow to directly nominate a candidate for the throne in Kyiv resulted in failure.
In 1674 he established a printing house at the Monastery of Holy Transfiguration in Novhorod-Severskyi, which in 1679 was moved to Chernihiv. In 1667, at a local Council in Moscow, a decision was made to elevate the Chernihiv diocese to an archdiocese with Lazar Baranovych as archbishop. However, since the decision was made without the consent of Constantinople, Patriarch Parthenius IV of Constantinople did not recognize its legitimacy. Baranovych may have assumed the title of "Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia and all Ruthenia" or locum tenens in pretence.
The publications of his sermons, written in a baroque style in Church Slavonic language, include:
He is the author of several polemical works against Catholicism in Polish and Church Slavonic (see also Polemical literature); of a poetry collection in Polish, Lutnia Apollinowa (Apollo's Lute, 1671); and of a large correspondence. Among other things, Lutnia Apollinowa contains six epitaphs for Metropolitan Petro Mohyla.