Sûreté Nationale (Morocco) Explained

Agencyname:Direction Générale de la Sûreté Nationale
Nativename:االمديرية العامة للأمن الوطني
ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ
Commonname:Sûreté Nationale
Patch:Emblem of the Moroccan DGSN.svg
Motto:الأمن الوطني... فخورون بخدمتكم
Mottotranslated:National Security... proud to serve you
Formed:16 May 1956[1]
Employees:79830 (2023)
Budget:13 billion dirham (2022)[2]
Country:Morocco
Governingbody:Moroccan Ministry of Internal Affairs
Headquarters:Rabat
Sworntype:Police officer
Sworn:79,830 (2023)[3]
Chief1name:Abdellatif Hammouchi
Chief1position:Director of the DGSN
Chief2name:Abdelouafi Laftit
Chief2position:Minister of the Interior

The General Directorate for National Security (Arabic: االمديرية العامة للأمن الوطني, Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ; French: Direction Générale de la Sûreté Nationale, DGSN) is the national police force of the Kingdom of Morocco. The DGSN is tasked with upholding the law and public order.It was founded on 16 May 1956[1] by King Mohammed V. It works alongside the Gendarmerie Royale and the Forces Auxiliaires.

In 2007, the Sûreté Nationale had approximately 46,000 personnel. A decade later, in 2017, the number of personnel had increased to 70,000.

As of 2004, the Sûreté Nationale operated the following specialist divisions:[4]

History

Pre-colonial

Before the 20th century, a regionalized Shurta (police) enforced Sharia law and ensured security across the country.[5] During the Almohad caliphate, the caliph also took on the role of ṣāḥib al-shurṭa (head of police).[6]

There were regional and tribal Muhtasibs (equivalent to a police commissioner) who were appointed by the Pasha.[7] The Muhtasib had the power to issue fines for minor offenses.[8] Criminals were tried in front of a Qadi, the judge of a Sharia court. The Qadi issued judgements in criminal, civil and commercial cases.

On July 20, 1901, Morocco formed its first national border patrol.[9] [10] The patrol was in charge of ensuring the security of the border with French Algeria, under the control of a commissioner in Oujda.[11] [12]

In 1906, the Algeciras Conference led to various police reforms in Morocco.[13] The reforms established a national police force that would fall under the Sultan's sovereign authority. The police force's recruitment would be overseen by the Makhzen and commanded by Caïds. Additionally, the police force would be stationed in the eight ports that were open to international trade.[14] [15]

Protectorate

In 1912, the General Police Service was created after the installement of the French Protectorate in Morocco.[16] In 1913, a forensic identification unit was formed.[17] A general forensic identification service was formed in November 1931.

Post-independence

On May 16, 1956, a year after Morocco gained independence, the DGSN was formed.[18] The Royal Institute of Police in Kenitra was inaugurated in 1978.[19] The Scientific and Technical Police Laboratory in Casablanca was created in 1991.

On 8 September 2023, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 Mw hit Marrakesh-Safi region of Morocco.[20] [21] DGSN along with DGST has announced it will contribute MAD 50 million to Special Fund for Managing Earthquake Effects.[22] [23] [24] They set up two mobile bakeries near Marrakech, to provide bread to those who were affected by the earthquake.[25]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: National Police: 52 years of service to the nation and citizens. maroc.ma. 15 May 2008. 19 January 2013. 12 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191212202558/http://www.maroc.ma/PortailInst/Fr/Actualites/S%C3%BBret%C3%A9+nationale.htm. dead.
  2. Web site: Le budget 2022 de la police algérienne est près de deux fois supérieur à celui de la DGSN marocaine . 2022-11-17 . Le 360.
  3. Web site: DGSN RH : un effectif total 78.146 fonctionnaires . 2022-11-17 . Le Matin . 22 December 2021 . fr.
  4. Web site: Derdzinski . Joseph . Commander of the Faithful: Morocco, the King and the internal security forces . Archive.org . U.S. Department of Defense . 13 October 2004 . 25 December 2018.
  5. Book: Fromherz, Allen J. . The Almohads : the Rise of an Islamic Empire. . 2010 . I.B. Tauris . 978-1-282-88107-5 . 729030442.
  6. Book: Rivet, Daniel . Histoire du Maroc : de Moulay Idrîs à Mohammed VI . 2012 . A. Fayard . 978-2-213-63847-8 . [Paris] . fr . 820655352.
  7. Book: Fillias, Achille . L'Espagne et le Maroc en 1860 . 1860 . Poulet-Malassis et De Broise . Paris . 66 . fr.
  8. Book: Godard, Léon Nicolas . Description et histoire du Maroc . 1860 . C. Tanera . Paris.
  9. News: 1963-10-30 . LA FRONTIÈRE ALGÉRO-MAROCAINE ET LE PROTOCOLE DU 20 JUILLET 1901 . fr . Le Monde.fr . 2023-05-03.
  10. Pinon . René . 1903 . Figuig et la politique française au Maroc . Revue des Deux Mondes . 678–696.
  11. News: 1956-03-22 . Au delà ce ne sont que limites traditionnelles et administratives . fr . Le Monde.fr . 2023-05-03.
  12. Book: Sayagh . Saïd . La France et les frontières maroco-algériennes (1873-1902) . Miège . Jean-Louis . 1986 . C.N.R.S. Editions . 978-2-222-03889-4 . fr . 10.3917/cnrs.sayag.1986.01.
  13. Web site: Algeciras Conference . 2023-05-03 . Encyclopædia Britannica . en.
  14. Web site: 2018-08-16 . The Algeciras' Conference (Chap. 1) . 2023-05-03 . Discovering Tangier . en.
  15. Book: Acte général de la Conférence internationale d'Algeciras . 1906 . EN.
  16. 1913-10-24 . ARRETE VIZIRIEL relatif a l'organisation d'un service anthropométrique au Maroc . Bulletin officiel de l'Empire chérifien . 52 . 4.
  17. Piazza . Pierre . Frappa . Amos . 2017-01-10 . Histoire de la police scientifique (1832-1951) . Musée Criminocorpus . fr.
  18. Web site: Lahrach . Yassir . La DGSN, vue de l'extérieur . 2022-11-13 . Aujourd'hui le Maroc . 13 May 2022 . fr-FR.
  19. Web site: Histoire de la DGSN : Les dates phares . 2022-11-13 . Maghreb Arabe Presse.
  20. News: 2023-09-08 . Morocco earthquake: More than 2,000 dead as tremors felt in several regions . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-09-11.
  21. Web site: Over 2,000 dead as powerful earthquake hits Morocco near Marrakesh . 2023-09-11 . www.aljazeera.com . en.
  22. Web site: 2023-09-11 . DGSN/DGST Will Contribute MAD 50 million to Special Fund for Managing Earthquake Effects . 2023-09-11 . HESPRESS English - Morocco News . en-US.
  23. News: Erraji . Abdellah . 11 September 2023 . Earthquake Relief: Moroccan Police Donate $4.9 Million to Special Fund . 1 . Morocco World News .
  24. Web site: DGSN/DGST Will Contribute 50 MDH to Special Fund for Managing Earthquake Effects MapNews . 2023-09-11 . www.mapnews.ma.
  25. News: Erraji . Abdellah . 14 September 2023 . DGSN Set Up Mobile Bakeries in Tahanaout, Near Marrakech . 1 . Morocco World News . 14 September 2023.

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