Laveen, Phoenix Explained

Laveen
Official Name:Laveen Village
Settlement Type:Urban village
Motto:“Where rural is a way of life.”
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Arizona
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Maricopa
Subdivision Type3:City
Subdivision Name3:Phoenix
Website:Laveen Village Planning Committee
Official Name:Laveen, Arizona
Settlement Type:Former CDP
Mapsize:250px
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Arizona
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Maricopa
Area Total Km2:124.3
Area Total Sq Mi:48
Population As Of:2000
Population Total:48,021
Population Density Km2:47.7
Population Density Sq Mi:123.5
Timezone:Mountain (MST)
Utc Offset:-7
Elevation M:315
Elevation Ft:1033
Coordinates:33.3775°N -112.1683°W
Postal Code Type:ZIP codes
Postal Code:85339 and 85041
Area Code:602, 623
Blank Name:FIPS code
Blank1 Name:GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:6920

Laveen is a community in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, situated 8miles southwest of Downtown Phoenix, between South Mountain and the confluence of the Gila and Salt rivers.[1] Parts of Laveen constitute an unincorporated community in Maricopa County, while the remainder falls within the city limits of Phoenix, constituting the city's "Laveen Village" an urban village within the city of Phoenix. Laveen Village is split between District 7 and District 8, both notable as minority-majority districts for the city. Although Laveen has been home to "pastoral alfalfa, cotton, and dairy farms" since the 1880s, housing and commercial developments have been increasingly urbanizing the area.

History

The Laveen area was first settled by farmers and dairymen in 1884. Despite its proximity to Phoenix, the community was isolated from its larger neighbor by the Salt River, which carried water year-round until the Roosevelt Dam was completed in 1911. The only bridged crossing was at Central Avenue, more than 6miles away. Because of its isolation, like the rest of south Phoenix, early Laveen was autonomous of Phoenix, and became relatively self-sufficient, supporting two general stores, a barbershop, repair garage, two pool halls, and a building for the Laveen Women's Club. These businesses served as important gathering places for the greater Laveen community, which includes: modern south Phoenix, and the neighboring Gila River Indian Community (GRIC).[2]

Walter Laveen

In the early 1900s, Walter Emanuel Laveen and his family homesteaded an area encompassing all four corners of present-day 51st Avenue and Dobbins Road, where they also built the area's first general store on the southeast corner. Members of the Laveen family donated land adjacent to their store for a school built in 1913, and named "Laveen School." A second general store, the Del Monte Market, was built in 1908 at 27th Avenue and Dobbins Road, and is considered the oldest still-standing building in Laveen.[3]

In 1915, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation noted the community was called Laveen and had a population of less than 25.[4] In March 1918, Walter Laveen was appointed the area's first postmaster, and operated the post office in the back of his store.[5] Laveen later served as Sheriff in Pinal County.[6]

Dee Cheatham

Armon Deconda "Dee" Cheatham succeeded Walter Laveen as postmaster, and served in the post for the next 30 years.[7] Cheatham and his wife, Lula, were from Duncan, Arizona, where they had owned a dairy. In 1919, the Cheathams sold their dairy, and moved to Laveen along with Cheatham's brother, Shelton.

Dee and Shelton bought the general store from the Laveens, along with 40acres of farmland on the southeast corner of 51st Avenue and Dobbins Road. They sold the store after running it for a few years, and used the proceeds to set up separate farms. Shelton's farm was on the original 40acres, while Dee and Lula moved south to 51st Avenue and Elliott Road, where they set up not only a new farm, but also a dairy.[7]

By 1941, the Cheathams' dairy operation had outgrown their farm, so they bought 360acres of land south of Baseline Road, between 43rd and 51st Avenues. While constructing the dairy, the Cheathams had to clear the site of mesquite and rattlesnakes. Once complete, it was one of the larger dairies in Arizona and used registered Holstein cattle.[7]

The Cheathams grew their own hay on nearby land for the operation, and originally used a large herd of Belgian and Suffolk Punch draft horses to pull the hay mowers, rakes, baler, and wagons.[7] Although tractors eventually took over most of the work, the horses were still used for feeding the dairy herd until the operation was shut down in 2003,[7] and the family sold most of the land to developers.

Cotton harvest

Several farmers in Laveen raised (and continue to raise) cotton. In 1916, Andrew Benton Clevenger moved his family from St. George, Utah, onto rented land in Laveen. With the whole family's help, they put in a cotton crop.[8] Other farmers planted cotton as well, and around harvesting time, migrant workers who picked the cotton by hand would arrive, swelling the local population. Most farms provided housing for the workers.[5] The seasonal migrant population has dropped off due to the increased use of farm machinery in harvesting cotton.[5]

Well water

Laveen School had the area's only deep well, which also supplied the Laveen Store. Water from residents' shallow wells was acceptable for washing and crop cultivation, but too salty for culinary use. Therefore, the community set up a public-use hydrant south of the store, where people, including members of the Maricopa and Pima tribes, came for their drinking water.[5] [8] Tribe members would bring wagon loads of milk cans to fill with water, and firewood to trade for groceries.[5] During the winter, the store would sell excess wood to wood lots in and around Phoenix.[5]

In a landmark water rights ruling involving several Laveen residents, Bristor v. Cheatham, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled on January 12, 1952, that percolating water was not private property. Several residents had sued Dee Cheatham for what they believed was excessive pumping of ground water, causing their wells to run dry. The court cited the principle "Rock stays, water moves." However, on February 26, 1952, the court reversed itself, ruling that ground water should be limited to "reasonable" use, but still fell under the ownership of landowners.[9]

Religion

Although many of the early settlers were religious, including the Clevengers who were Mormons,[8] through April 1939, various attempts by churches to set up a Sunday School in Laveen had failed. However, that month, members of the Central Baptist Church of Phoenix leased space in the Laveen School Auditorium, and after their "mission" took hold, grew into the Laveen Baptist Church by 1943.[10] That year, the church purchased land for a permanent building on the northeast corner of 51st Avenue and Dobbins Road, across from the school.[10] The church added a parsonage in 1948, and had a full-time pastor by the 1970s.[10] Today, Laveen supports seven churches, and has an Islamic mosque under construction on the site of the old Laveen General Store, named the Islamic Center of Laveen.[11]

Laveen Cowbelles

The Laveen Cowbelles were women from Laveen ranching and dairy families who worked to promote the beef industry. Their parent group, the Arizona Cowbelles, was formed in Douglas, Arizona, in 1938 to "cement the goodwill and friendship among the wives and mothers of cattle men in Cochise County." They were initially a local service organization, putting together socials and picnics, but eventually expanded their mission to include promoting the industry's beef products. Laveen women formed a chapter in 1947, and the group was organized statewide by 1949. In 1956 alone, the Laveen Cowbelles affixed 138,000 stickers reading "Beef for Father's Day" to envelopes mailed by various banks and businesses, and in 1959, the statewide group had the then-Governor, Paul Fannin, proclaim "Beef for Father's Day." The Cowbelles also gave members the ability to "communicate with one another about their collective identity." Their mascot was "an ample-bosomed, blonde caricature named Lil' Dudette."[12]

Annual barbecue

In 1950, the Cowbelles organized a barbecue to give the community a chance to gather on the last Sunday of the year, and to raise money for the March of Dimes.[13]

In 1960, the non-profits and churches in Laveen formed the Laveen Community Council (LCC), which took over the barbecue, and began channeling most of the proceeds to pay for lights on the baseball fields at Laveen School, although donations to the March of Dimes continued into the 1970s. By 1984, the barbecue had raised a cumulative $71,000.[13] The date of the event was gradually moved into early February.

In recent years, the barbecue has grown into a very large event held at Corona Ranch, a venue in Laveen with rodeo grounds. The event attracts vendors from all over Arizona, and serves as an opportunity for community members to come together. The barbecue has held tight to its rural roots, and hosts a variety of events, including: a cow milking competition, pot-belly pig racing, country music, and more.

Notable historical events

Other

World War II Alamo Scout (US 6th Army Special Reconnaissance Unit) Joshua Sunn was born and raised in Laveen.[28] The endangered Maricopa language is spoken by fewer than 100 members of the Maricopa (or Piipaash) tribe, most of whom live at the Maricopa Colony near Laveen.[29]

Community

Laveen became less isolated as bridges were built across the Salt River. The store, barber shop, and one of the pool houses burned down. Roger Laveen, later elected Maricopa County Recorder, tore down the other pool hall. The Laveen Women's Club donated its building to the community, which moved it west of Laveen School. The LCC restored the buildingnow called "Building A"using barbecue proceeds as well as federal funds.[5] Although some dairies and farms have sold out to residential and commercial developers, some remain, contributing to the continued rural feel of the area.

Urban development

In 2000, a commercial home builder[30] broke ground on "Arlington Estates," a large residential development in what, at the time, was rural Laveen. Since that time, the community has experienced explosive residential growth. That growth has been tempered, however, by community activist groups, such as the LCC and two newer groups, "Laveen Citizens for Responsible Development" (LCRD), and "South Laveen Against High Density" (SLAHD). These groups put pressure on developers to include equestrian trails, open spaces, and other bucolic and rural elements in new developments. For example, when Walmart opened its Laveen location in 2007, it looked “a little different than most other Walmart. The face of the building has more of a rural design, and there is more dense and mature landscaping than other Walmart stores.”[31]

Although official zoning recommendations for the area of Laveen falling within the city of Phoenix come from the Laveen Planning Commission (LPC),[32] the Phoenix City Council has historically taken the recommendations of both the commission and the LCRD into consideration when voting on zoning matters. Zoning in both the county and city areas of Laveen is guided by a master plan called the "Southwest Regional Growth Study."[33]

In the 1980s, the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) proposed building part of the 202 Freeway through Laveen.[34] ADOT later shelved its plans due to funding problems. However, the freeway construction eventually began, and the extension, passing through most of Laveen at about 59th Avenue, officially opened on December 21, 2019.[35] As a result, there are plans for a new Laveen hospital, regional retail centers, and potential Spring Training expansion in 2011–2012. A new retail development, called Laveen Park Place, opened around the time of the freeway opening.

Golf courses

Laveen supports two golf courses: the former Bougainvillea Golf Club (formerly private), which became a public course under new management in October 2012, and now known as Southern Ridge Golf Club; and the Aguila Golf Course (public), 18-hole pro golf course featuring 3 lakes that is owned by the city of Phoenix. Southern Ridge, located at 59th Avenue and Baseline Road, was an 18-hole, par-72 course with six par 5's, 4's, and 3's, as well as a driving range.[36] Aguila is an 18-hole public course located at 35th Avenue and Dobbins Road. In addition to its main course, Aguila has a 9-hole par-3 executive course as well.[37]

Education

The community is served by the Laveen Elementary School District and Roosevelt Elementary School District (for both elementary and middle school students), and the Phoenix Union High School District. In addition to the original Laveen School, now a K-8 school named Laveen Elementary, the community supports seven other K-8 schools: Bernard Black, Cheatham Elementary, Desert Meadows, M.C. Cash Elementary, Rogers Ranch, Trailside Point, and Vista del Sur (a traditional school that was named the #1 Elementary School in the state of Arizona in 2012 by the Arizona Department of Education).[38] Rogers Ranch Elementary, the seventh school in the district with a curriculum focused on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math ("STEM"), opened in August 2012.[39] There are two charter schools in Laveen, and a private school in nearby Maricopa Village. Laveen has two high schools (Fairfax High School and César Chávez High School), and South Mountain Community College plans to build a campus at 59th Avenue and Vineyard Road.

The K-8 tribal school Gila Crossing Community School, affiliated with the Bureau of Indian Education, is in Komatke, with a Laveen address.[40]

Governmental representation

Laveen is in Arizona's 7th Congressional District, and is served by Representative Ruben Gallego, a Democrat. Laveen is also represented by Phoenix City Council's 7th district, and Arizona Legislative district 27.

Geography

Laveen is located near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers, southwest of downtown Phoenix. The area of Laveen contains approximately 48sqmi of largely undeveloped, agricultural property, as well as several groups of residential housing developments. It is bounded on the north by the Salt River, on the south by South Mountain Park, on the west by the Gila River Indian Community, and on the east by 27th Avenue. After several annexations from the mid-1990s to the present, a large portion of the community lies within the city limits of Phoenix, and is designated by the city as Laveen Village (an urban village).

Climate

Laveen is located entirely within the Sonoran Desert, an arid climate. High temperatures in the summer season can average over 105 degrees Fahrenheit. The daily high temperature ranges from over 115F during the hottest days of summer, to about 65F in winter.

There are two wet seasons: first in spring, and then in late summer, when sometimes-powerful monsoon thunderstorms roar through the area.[41] Occasionally, a winter storm will leave snow on the nearby Estrella Mountains, which occurred between March 11–12, 2006 and on March 2, 2023.[42]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Consultant's Report on the first round of the City of Phoenix 2012 Redistricting Process . June 20, 2012 . March 2012 . City of Phoenix . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131102142252/http://phoenix.gov/webcms/groups/internet/%40inter/%40gov/%40redistrict/documents/web_content/074911.pdf . November 2, 2013.
  2. History section of http://www.laveen.org. Accessed April 21, 2006.
  3. Web site: Historic Preservation Office . City of Phoenix . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080509162827/http://phoenix.gov/HISTORIC/histpropi.html . May 9, 2008 .
  4. Book: United States Federal Works Agency, United States Bureau of Reclamation . Annual Report – Bureau of Reclamation . 1915 . U.S. Govt. Print. Off. . 48 .
  5. Web site: What Do You Know About Laveen? . July 25, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110718225624/http://www.laveen.org/history/whatdouknow.pdf . July 18, 2011 .
  6. Book: Eppinga, Jane . Apache Junction And the Superstition Mountains . 2006 . Arcadia Publishing . 978-0738530406 .
  7. Web site: The Cheatham Family of Laveen . July 25, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110718225550/http://www.laveen.org/history/cheatham.pdf . July 18, 2011 .
  8. Web site: The Augustus Barto O'Barr and Lola May Peppers Family (Chapter 9) . August 6, 2010 . O'Barr . Gerald L. .
  9. Book: Steinberg, Theodore . Slide Mountain, Or, The Folly of Owning Nature . registration . 96 . laveen. . 1995 . University of California Press . 978-0520207097 .
  10. Web site: History of our church . July 26, 2008 . Laveen Baptist Church . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080414211804/http://www.laveenbaptistchurch.org/templates/System/details.asp?id=25632&PID=111787 . April 14, 2008 .
  11. Web site: Churches . July 26, 2008 . Laveen Community Council . https://web.archive.org/web/20080725195104/http://www.laveen.org/links.html . July 25, 2008 . dead .
  12. Berry . Michelle K. . 2004 . Be Shure to Fix the Fence: The Arizona Cowbelles' Public Persona, 1950–1960 . Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies . 25 . 2 . 151–175 . 10.1353/fro.2004.0046 . 143923515 .
  13. Web site: Laveen Barbecue: Then and Now . July 25, 2008 . Laveen Community Council . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110718225613/http://www.laveen.org/history/bbqhist.pdf . July 18, 2011 .
  14. News: Man Kills Two With Ax . . I1 . February 5, 1923 . Phoenix, Feb. 4. – R.F. Payton, a farmer living near Laveen, 10miles southwest of Phoenix, this afternoon killed his wife and 9-year-old daughter, probably killed his 5-year-old son, and then committed suicide..
  15. Web site: Memoriam. July 27, 2008. Corporal Brady C. Paul. Enlisted in the Pennsylvania State Police on January 7, 1926. He was setting up a roadblock on the Butler Highway, 3miles east of New Castle, at Rose Point, Lawrence County, accompanied by Patrolman Ernest Moore. Corporal Paul and Patrolman Moore stopped a vehicle with Ohio registration, when a woman, one of three individuals in the vehicle, fired a pistol at the two officers. Corporal Paul was killed on December 27, 1929, by Irene Schroeder, who fired the fatal shots. Patrolman Moore was wounded during the altercation. Corporal Paul was 29 years of age.. https://web.archive.org/web/20110725100521/http://www.bradypaulfop54.org/memoriam.htm. July 25, 2011. dead.
  16. Web site: Deputy Sheriff Lee Wright . July 27, 2008 . Deputy Wright was shot and killed by two suspects, a man and a woman, who murdered Corporal Brady Paul, of the Pennsylvania State Highway Patrol, one month earlier following a robbery. The female suspect was later apprehended and executed in Pennsylvania for the murder of Corporal Paul..
  17. Book: Shipman, Marlin . The Penalty is Death: U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Women's Executions . 2002 . https://books.google.com/books?id=UTr5PomgUcEC&q=%22Deputy+Sheriff+Joe+Chapman%22&pg=PA211 . 2002. University of Missouri Press . Columbia . 0826213863 . 209–15 . 13.
  18. News: Wednesday, January 29, 1930 . . Lima, Ohio . January 29, 1930 .
  19. News: Posse Trails Into the Hills . . Gettysburg, Pennsylvania . January 15, 1930 . Two men and a woman suspected of being the trio that shot and killed State Policeman Brady Paul and wounding another state trooper on the Butler-New Castle road, New Castle, on December 27, surrendered to a posse near LAVEEN, Arizona, last night following a gun battle. They were tentatively identified as Mrs. Irene Schroeder, of Benwood, W. Va., and Glen Gage and J. W. Crawford. The group was known to police as the 'Toledo Family Bandits.' .
  20. News: Confesses a Part in Police Killing; Dague Says Mrs. Schroeder or Their Companion Fired Fatal Shot in Pennsylvania . . New York . January 20, 1930 . Walter Glena Dague today confessed that he, Mrs. Irene Schroeder and another man took part is a gun fight with two Pennsylvania State highway patrolmen near New Castle ....
  21. News: Wednesday, January 15, 1930 . . . January 15, 1930 . [The] trio had been the object of a nationwide search since the slaying last December 27 of Corporal Brady Paul of the Pennsylvania state highway police, and the wounding of Private Ernest Moore, near Newcastle, Pa. They were surrounded and captured by a posse in the mountains near LAVEEN, Ariz., after they had barricaded themselves behind rocks on a small peak and fired upon the searchers. No one was hurt in the brisk gun battle..
  22. News: Miami Linebacker Larry Gordon Dies While Jogging . . D4 . June 27, 1983 .
  23. News: Inquirer Staff . Hunter: NBA Talks Likely to Resume . . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . C03 . December 27, 1998 . A fire that apparently began with a chimney problem destroyed the home of former Eagles linebacker Byron Evans in Laveen, Ariz., near Phoenix, on Christmas Day. Evans, his wife, and their two children were unharmed. Damage was estimated at $500000..
  24. Web site: Spiked . July 27, 2008 . Eppler . Patti . September 12, 2002 . .
  25. News: Margaret . Foster . Razing Arizona . MyWire . June 3, 2003 . July 26, 2008 . "He didn't tell anybody," says George Anderson, a board member of the Laveen Citizens for Responsible Development, founded in 1999. "He came in at four in the morning on a weekend when everybody was sleeping, and down they went. [The silos] were a big landmark in this town, and now they're gone." . https://web.archive.org/web/20131102083120/http://www.mywire.com/pubs/Preservation/2003/06/03/503281?extID=10051. dead . November 2, 2013.
  26. News: Kathleen. Gorden . Former Arizona Cardinal Meets with City Staff on Development Opportunity in Laveen . EVLiving.com . November 4, 2006 . July 26, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111003230633/http://www.evliving.com/cities_news.php?action=fullnews&id=5969 . October 3, 2011.
  27. News: Mallory . Simon . Unstable ground: The fine line between self-defense and murder . CNN.com . May 2, 2012 . June 20, 2012 .
  28. Web site: Alamo Scouts Photograph . https://archive.today/20120716222449/http://www.alamoscouts.org/photo_archives/400_419.htm . dead . July 16, 2012 . Alamo Scout Joshua Sunn before the war. Sunn, a member of the Native American Maricopa Tribe, hailed from Laveen, Arizona, and served with the Scouts from January–December 1944..
  29. Book: Moseley, Christopher . Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages . 2007 . Routledge . 978-0700711970 . 60 .
  30. Trend Homes
  31. Hertel . Phil . January 2007 . What's Up With Commercial Development? . Quarterly Newsletter . Laveen Community Council . 3 . July 28, 2008 .
  32. Web site: Laveen Planning Commission . City of Phoenix . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080129100825/http://phoenix.gov/PLANNING/vplaveen.html . January 29, 2008 .
  33. Web site: Southwest Regional Growth Study . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080905060611/http://phoenix.gov/PLANNING/swg01.pdf . September 5, 2008 .
  34. Web site: South Mountain Freeway . . https://web.archive.org/web/20130818115921/http://azdot.gov/Highways/Valley_Freeways/Loop_202/South_Mountain/index.asp . August 18, 2013 . dead .
  35. South Mountain Corridor Study. Web site: South Mountain Corridor Study . December 13, 2005 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20051219003011/http://www.southmountainfreeway.com/southmtn/index.htm . December 19, 2005 . . Accessed April 21, 2006.
  36. Web site: Bougainvillea Golf Club . July 28, 2008 . https://archive.today/20080908005400/http://www.bvgolf.net/golf/proto/bvgolf/index.htm. September 8, 2008. dead .
  37. Web site: Aguila Golf Course . July 28, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080731214056/http://phoenix.gov/sports/aguila.html . July 31, 2008 .
  38. Web site: Laveen DO: School Sites. September 20, 2011.
  39. Web site: Laveen Do: News & Events. September 20, 2011.
  40. Web site: Gila Crossing Community School. Bureau of Indian Education. August 2, 2021.
  41. "Basics of the Arizona Monsoon & Desert Meteorology". Arizona State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. http://geography.asu.edu/aztc/monsoon.html . Accessed April 21, 2006.
  42. Cronin, Mike. "Snow draws hundreds to northeast Valley". Arizona Republic. March 13, 2006. See also http://www.azcentral.com/12news/news/articles/0313weather0313-CP.html.