| Lavasan | |
| Native Name: | Persian: لواسان |
| Native Name Lang: | fa |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | Iran |
| Coordinates Footnotes: | [1] |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Iran |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Tehran |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Shemiranat |
| Subdivision Type3: | District |
| Subdivision Name3: | Lavasanat |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Population As Of: | 2016 |
| Population Total: | 18146 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone: | IRST |
| Utc Offset: | +3:30 |
Lavasan (Persian: لواسان) is a city in, and the capital of, Lavasanat District of Shemiranat County, Tehran province, Iran.[2]
The name of Lavasan is a Middle Persian (Pahlavi) word which means "The Mount Blade of Sunrise" or "Mountaintop of Sunrise". It refers to Mount Damavand that is located in the middle Alborz Range in the east of Lavasanat District.
In the 19th century, during the Qajar era, Lavasan was reportedly a large village, with some 500 houses and about 200 inhabitants. It became well known during the war of the cities when many people from Tehran took refuge in the nearby towns such as Lavasan.
The two most influential parts of Lavasan are Great Lavasan (Lavasan-e Bozorg) and Little Lavasan (Lavasan-e Kuchak). While Great Lavasan was more vibrant in the early 1950s due to its location as a trade hub, the Little Lavasan has become more populated in the past few decades.
Until the construction of Road 59 (Chalous Road) and other routes to the north of Iran, Great Lavasan was a thriving city on a trade path between Tehran and the north of Iran, with several prominent families owning and managing the Lar Karvansara in the (now nationalized) Lar National Park, and who were active in the trading of rice and production of honey, among other products; hence the name "Great Lavasan".
In the early 1900s Great Lavasan was home to several affluent families and traders with many unique and thriving orchards. Currently Great Lavasan is less populated than the Little Lavasan due to more restricted construction regulations, as well as an influx of new residents moving to Little Lavasan from other cities. Great Lavasan has access from the Jajrood road while Little Lavasan has access from behind the Latian Dam. Their different areas include Saboo Bozorg, Saboo Koochak, Tork Mahale, Seied Paiz, etc.
Under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, in the 1960s, a hydroelectric dam was built in the southeast of the village which is nowadays one of the water supplies of Tehran.
The natives of Lavasan are of Caspian origin. The local dialect, or vernacular, spoken by its natives is a mix of Persian and Caspian.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 15,448 in 4,645 households.[3] The following census in 2011 counted 15,706 people in 5,033 households.[4] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 18,146 people in 6,130 households.[5]
Lavasan is located 11 kilometres northeast of Tehran on the slopes of Alborz with an area of 70 square kilometres.[6]
The Jajrood River flows through the resort city of Lavasan, creating Latian Dam Lake on the southeast of the city. It is situated 11 kilometers northeast of Tehran. The highrise scenery around Lavasan (with many peaks above 3000 meters) attracts lots of campers and cyclists. The city is accessed by two double lane roads (from Tajrish and Tehranpars) adjoining each other on 1930 meters Quchak Pass, then on a whirling double lane road, down to Jajrood River and Lavasan on its north bank on 1700m.
Lavasan has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk) with significant continental influences.