Latin American diaspora explained

Group:Latin American diaspora
Population: worldwide[1]
Region1:
Pop1:+50,000,000[2] [3]
Pop3:+4,000,000[4]
Region4:
Pop4:3,191,548[5]
Region5:
Pop5:1,333,000
Ref5:[6] [7]
Region6:
Pop6:+1,000,000[8]
Region7:
Pop7:512.857[9]
Region8:
Pop8:+345,000[10]
Region9:
Pop9:245,000
Region10:
Pop10:206.094[11]
Pop11:113.282[12]
Region12:
Pop12:100,115[13]
Region13:
Pop13:~100,000[14]
Region14:
Pop14:93,795[15]
Region15:
Pop15:89.868

The Latin American diaspora refers to the dispersion of Latin Americans out of their homelands in Latin America and the communities subsequently established by them across the world.

Latin American diaspora in Africa

Historically, Latin Americans have migrated to African countries over the course of colonization by Spain and in the aftermath of wars. Equatorial Guinea, whose official language is Spanish, experienced an influx of Spanish migrants as it was once a Spanish colony. Some Cuban soldiers who served in the Angolan Civil War stayed in Angola afterwards. Brazilians have moved to Angola and Mozambique, former Portuguese colonies, and modern officially Portuguese-speaking nations. Nigeria, the home of the Yoruba and Igbo cultures, experienced an influx of ex-slaves from Cuba and Brazil brought there as indentured servants during the 17th century, and again during the 19th century; Equatorial Guinea received Afro-Cuban slaves. In Equatorial Guinea, they became part of the Emancipados; in Nigeria, they were called Amaros. Despite being free to return to Cuba and Brazil when their tenure was over, they remained in these countries marrying into the local native population.

Latin American diaspora in Northern America

Canada and the United States are popular destinations for Latin American immigrants. The United States (including Puerto Rico) is home to more than 65.3 million Latino Americans, representing 19.5% of the US population. Meanwhile, Canada is home to over 1 million Latino residents. (These numbers are majority descendants and minority immigrants)

Latin American diaspora in Canada

See main article: Latin American Canadians.

See also: Immigration to Canada.

Latin American diaspora in the United States

See main article: Latino Americans.

Over 55 million Latino Americans are residents of the United States, representing 18.3% of the US population. Latino Americans (Spanish; Castilian: latinos) are American citizens who are descendants of immigrants from Latin America.[16] [17] [18] More generally, it includes all persons in the United States who self-identify as Latino, whether of full or partial ancestry.[19] [20] [21] [22] For the 2010 US census, the American Community Survey, "Hispanic" or "Latino" were those who identified as one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the census or ACS questionnaire ("Mexican", "Puerto Rican", or "Cuban") as well as those who indicated that they were "other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino". The peoples of countries considered as Hispanic or Latino American groups by the Census Bureau were the following: Spain, Argentina, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The Census Bureau uses the terms Hispanic and Latino interchangeably.[23] The Census office of the United States excluded Brazilian Americans from the Hispanic and Latino American population (Brazil is part of Latin America, but Portuguese is the official language rather than Spanish).[24] [25] Other US government agencies have slightly different definitions of the term, including Brazilians and other Portuguese-speaking groups.

Latin American diaspora in Europe

See main article: Migration from Latin America to Europe.

See also: Latin American migration to the United Kingdom.

Latin American migration to Europe is the diaspora of Latin Americans to the continent of Europe, dates back to their independence from Spain and Portugal. Latin Americans in Europe are a rapidly growing group consisting of immigrants from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela.

Over 3 million Latin Americans lived in Europe, mostly in Spain, which has around 3.1 million people residents or citizens born in the Americas as of 2020. They represent over 6% of the population of Spain, yet less than 1% of the total population of the European Union. Portugal also has a sizable Brazilian population.

Latin Americans migrate to the European Union for the following reasons:

Latin American diaspora in Asia

See main article: Latin American Asian.

Mexicans[26] and Peruvians[27] have immigrated to the Philippines since Spanish colonial rule. One in three inhabitants of the Filipino island of Luzon have partial Latin American descent.[28] Furthermore, about 1.2 million citizens of Zamboanga City, Mindanao, speak Chavacano, a creole language based on Mexican Spanish.[29]

The most significant Latino diaspora in Japan is Brazilian, followed by the Peruvian and Bolivian diaspora.[30] [31] Migration of South Americans to Japan was significant after the Second World War. Peruvian, Brazilian, and Bolivian settlers in Japan are largely, but not exclusively of Japanese blood; migration of Brazilian settlers to Japan represented the largest number of Portuguese speakers in Asia, greater than those of formerly Portuguese East Timor, Macau and Goa combined. Because of common language and cultural proximity, a number of Brazilians settled Macau, others in East Timor and Goa.

Latin countries Immigrants to Japan
Brazil 185,000
Peru 57,464
Colombia37,500
Bolivia 6,094
Paraguay 2,240
Mexico 1,995

Hispanic and Latin American diaspora in Oceania

See also: Hispanic and Latin American Australians.

Chile, Colombia and El Salvador have significant diasporas in Australia.[32]

Country Immigrants in Australia
Chile 26,204
Colombia21,000
El Salvador 10,563

The most significant Latin American diasporas in New Zealand are Brazilian, Chileans, Argentinians, Colombians, Mexicans, Uruguayans, Venezuelans, and Bolivians.[33] [34]

Latino Country Immigrants in New Zealand
Brazil 3,588
Chile2,409
Argentina1,701
Colombia1,155
Mexico741
Uruguay447
Venezuela150
Bolivia153

The Latin American diaspora in Easter Island is Chilean, 39% of Easter Islander population were mainland Chileans (or their Easter Island-born descendants) or mestizos (primarily European Chilean blood with little Indigenous mixtures, or their Easter Island-born descendants) and Easter Island-born mestizos of Chilean and Rapa Nui or native Chilean descent, and the remaining 1% were indigenous mainland native Chileans (or their Easter Island-born descendants).

Emigrant policies

The countries of Latin America seek to strengthen links between migrants and their states of origin, while promoting their integration in the receiving state. These Emigrant Policies focus on the rights, obligations and opportunities for participation of emigrated citizens who already live outside the borders of their country of origin. Citizens' rights are the most important policy area, followed by social policies that expand welfare functions beyond state borders. Research on Latin America shows that the extension of policies towards migrants is linked to a focus on civil rights and state benefits that can positively influence integration in recipient countries. Some states actively help their emigrated citizens to integrate into local society. Such policies can reduce the cost of integration for emigrants – and provide untapped potential for cooperation between countries of origin and destination.In addition, the tolerance of dual citizenship has spread more in Latin America than in any other region of the world.[35]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Based on recent estimates, as of 2010. Sources by country: Argentina Web site: Proyecciones provinciales de población por sexo y grupos de edad 2001–2015 . 24 June 2008 . Gustavo Pérez . . 16 . Spanish . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110706084227/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecciones_provinciales_vol31.pdf . 6 July 2011. ; Australia Australian Bureau of Statistics 20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex – Australia; Bolivia Web site: Bolivia . World Gazetteer . 7 January 2010. ; Brazil Brazil 2009 Estimate IGBE: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Retrieved 2 January 2010; Canada 2006 censusWeb site: Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census . 10 May 2008 . Statistics Canada. ; Colombia Web site: Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística . Dane.gov.co . 28 May 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180116020433/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/. 16 January 2018. dead . ; Costa Rica Web site: Costa Rica . CIA The World Factbook. 17 February 2022. ; Cuba Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 2008. Edición 2009, Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas, República de Cuba. Accessed on 19 May 2010; Dominican Republic Web site: Presidencia de la República; Generalidades. 14 December 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20071122172644/http://www.presidencia.gob.do/app/pre_nuestro_pais.aspx?id=372. 22 November 2007. ; Ecuador World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. 2009. 12 March 2009. ; El SalvadorWeb site: UNdata El Salvador. UN. 2008. 4 July 2010. ; GuatemalaWeb site: Demographic Information 2010. INE. 2010. 23 March 2010. ; Mexico Web site: INEGI Datos oficiales censo de población 2010. INEGI. 12 June 2010. 27 November 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110108101543/http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/comunicados/rpcpyv10.asp. 8 January 2011. ; Paraguay World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. 2009. 12 March 2009. ; Peru Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) del PerúINEI. Retrieved on 10 June 2010; Portugal POPULAÇÃO ESTRANGEIRA EM TERRITÓRIO NACIONAL, SERVIÇO DE ESTRANGEIROS E FRONTEIRAS 2008; Spain INE, Revisión del Padrón municipal 2007. Datos a nivel nacional, comunidad autónoma y provincia. ; INE, Notas de Prensa 2008 ; Uruguay Web site: Uruguay. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 5 January 2010. Central Intelligence Agency. ; USA (Self-identified ethnicity rather than birthplace) Web site: Detailed Hispanic Origin: 2007. 13 April 2009. Pew Hispanic Center. ; Web site: United States – Selected Population Profile in the United States (Brazilian (360–364)). 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. 16 March 2010. United States Census Bureau. https://archive.today/20200212034619/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:519&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=414&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en. 12 February 2020. dead.
  2. (Self-identified ethnicity rather than birthplace) Web site: Detailed Hispanic Origin: 2007 . 13 April 2009 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20090501040652/http://pewhispanic.org/files/factsheets/hispanics2007/Table-5.pdf . 1 May 2009 . dead .
  3. Web site: United States – Selected Population Profile in the United States (Brazilian (360–364)) . 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates . 16 March 2010 . . https://archive.today/20200212034619/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:519&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=414&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en . 12 February 2020 . dead .
  4. https://ec.europa.eu/CensusHub2/query.do?step=selectHyperCube&qhc=false, Eurostat Eurostat Database (Data -> Population Consensus)
  5. https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa005.px, Spanish National Statistics Institute 2021 (Spanish)
  6. Web site: Population des régions et taux d'évolution de la population. 5 July 2021.
  7. Web site: List of countries in Latin America. Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 31 August 2021.
  8. 2006 censusWeb site: Measuring the Latin American population in Canada – why is it important?.
  9. Eurostat Database (Data -> Population Consensus) https://ec.europa.eu/CensusHub2/query.do?step=selectHyperCube&qhc=false
  10. Web site: Registered Foreigners in Japan by Nationality. https://web.archive.org/web/20050824195238/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/y0213014.pdf. 24 August 2005. Statistics Bureau. 7 November 2011.
  11. Web site: Alemania – Emigrantes totales. 20 June 2019.
  12. Web site: Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, generatie en migratieachtergrond . Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 1 January 2019. nl.
  13. https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/helarsstatistik--riket/befolkning-efter-fodelseland-och-ursprungsland-31-december-2020-totalt/ Sidan kunde inte hittas
  14. http://www.sef.pt/documentos/56/DADOS_2007.pdf POPULAÇÃO ESTRANGEIRA EM TERRITÓRIO NACIONAL, SERVIÇO DE ESTRANGEIROS E FRONTEIRAS
  15. Web site: Redirect to Census data page. abs.gov.au. 22 September 2015.
  16. Book: Luis Fraga. Luis Fraga. John A. Garcia. Latino Lives in America: Making It Home. 2010. Temple University Press. 978-1-4399-0050-5. 145.
  17. Book: Nancy L. Fisher. Cultural and Ethnic Diversity: A Guide for Genetics Professionals. 1996. Johns Hopkins University Press. 978-0-8018-5346-3. 19.
  18. Book: Robert H. Holden. Rina Villars. Contemporary Latin America: 1970 to the Present. 2012. John Wiley & Sons. 978-1-118-27487-3. 18.
  19. Web site: 49 CFR Part 26. 22 October 2012. "'Hispanic Americans,' which includes persons of Mexican-, Puerto Rican-, Cuban, Dominican-, Central or South American, or other Spanish, culture or origin, regardless of race;".
  20. Web site: US Small Business Administration 8(a) Program Standard Operating Procedure . 2012-10-22 . "SBA has defined 'Hispanic American' as an individual whose ancestry and culture are rooted in South America, Central America, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, or the Iberian Peninsula, including Spain and Portugal." . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060925005103/http://www.sbaonline.sba.gov/sops/8005/sop8005-3.pdf . 2006-09-25 .
  21. Web site: Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010 . 2011-03-28 . Karen R. . Humes . Nicholas A. . Jones . Roberto R. . Ramirez . U.S. Census Bureau . "Hispanic or Latino" refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish or Portuguese culture or origin regardless of race. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110429214029/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf . 2011-04-29 .
  22. Web site: American FactFinder Help: Hispanic or Latino origin. United States Census Bureau. 2008-10-05. https://archive.today/20200213004743/http://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/hispanic_or_latino_origin.htm. 13 February 2020. dead.
  23. Web site: PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY Universe: Total population, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. 14 October 2015. https://archive.today/20200212212734/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_1YR_B04006&prodType=table. 12 February 2020. dead. This page of the US Census bureau is about the reported ethnicities of United States in 2014. The page indicates the number of American people (or residents in United States) identifying as of different national origins.
  24. http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B03001&prodType=table US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey B03001 1-Year Estimates HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN
  25. Web site: PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY Universe: Total population, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. 14 October 2015. https://archive.today/20200212212734/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_1YR_B04006&prodType=table. 12 February 2020. dead. This page of the US Census bureau is about the reported ethnicities of United States in 2014. The page indicates the number of American people (or residents in United States) identifying as of different national origins. The page included the people from Brazil but excluded the people who indicated origins classified by the Census Bureau as "Hispanic or Latino".
  26. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16086/16086-h/16086-h.htm Letter from Fajardo to Felipe III From Manila, August 15 1620.(From the Spanish Archives of the Indies)
  27. http://www.zamboanga.com/html/history_1634_moro_attacks.htm "Second Book of the Second Part of the Conquests of the Filipinas Islands, and Chronicle of the Religious of Our Father, St. Augustine"
  28. Jagor, Fëdor, et al. (1870). The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes
  29. Spanish creole:
  30. Web site: The Asahi Shimbun. The Asahi Shimbun. 3 March 2021. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20080506061352/http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200805030045.html. 6 May 2008.
  31. Web site: Brazilians in Japan. Consulate General of Brazil in Tokyo. 3 March 2021.
  32. http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06.pdf Migration 2005–2006
  33. https://teara.govt.nz/en/latin-americans Latin Americans – Te Ara Encyclopedia
  34. https://teara.govt.nz/en/latin-americans/page-1 1. – Latin Americans – Te Ara Encyclopedia
  35. Pedroza, L., Palop, P. & Hoffmann, B. (2016). Emigrant Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Santiago de Chile: FLACSO-Chile. https://www.giga-hamburg.de/sites/default/files/md_pdf/emigrant-policies-LatinAmerica-and-theCaribbean.pdf

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