Latin exonyms explained

Below is list of Latin exonyms for places outside of the core of the Roman empire during the time Latin was in common use:

Albania

English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
DurrësDyrrachiumDurrës
LezhëLissusLezhë
VlorëAulonaVlorë

Austria

English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
EisenstadtFerreum CastrumEisenstadt
GrazGræciaGraz
InnsbruckPons ÆniInnsbruck
LinzLentiaLinz
SalzburgSalisburgumSalzburg
Sankt PöltenCetiumSankt Pölten
ViennaVindobonaWien

Belgium

Belgia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
GhentGandava
KortrijkCortoriacum
TongerenAtuatuca Tungrorum

Bulgaria

English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
BalchikDionysopolis
KyustendilPautalia
LomAlmus
LovechMelta
PlevenStorgosia
PlovdivPhilippopolis
RazgradAbrittus
RuseSexaginta Prista
SilistraDurostorum
SofiaSerdica
SozopolApollonia Pontica
Stara ZagoraAugusta Traiana
SvishtovNovæ
VarnaOdessus
VidinBononia

Czech Republic

Cechia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
BrnoBrunaBrno
KrnovCarnoviaKrnov
PraguePragaPraha

Egypt

Ægyptus
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
AkhmimPanopolis
Al-ArishRhinocolura
Al-AshumeinHermopolis
AswanLycopolis
AsyutSyene
FaramaPelusium
LuxorThebæ
Marsa MatruhParætonium
QiftCoptus

France

Francia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
AvignonAvenio
LyonLugdunum
MarseilleMassilia
NiceNicæa
ParisLutetia Parisiorum
StrasbourgStrasburgum
ToulouseTolosa

Germany

Germania
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
AachenAquisgrana
AugsburgAugusta Vindelicorum
Baden-BadenAurelia Aquensis
BerlinBerolinum
BonnBonna
Castra Bonnensis
CologneColonia Agrippina
EssenAssindia
HamburgHamburgum
KemptenCambodunum
KonstanzConstantia
MainzMogontiacum
PassauBatavia
RegensburgRatisbona
SpeyerSpira
TrierAugusta Treverorum
WiesbadenAquæ Mattiacorum
WormsVormatia

Greece

Græcia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
AthensAthenæ
CorinthCorinthus
GytheioGythium
HeraklionHeraclium
KarystosCarystus
KechriesCencrheæ
LauriumLaurium
NafpaktosNaupactus
NafplioNauplia
ThessalonikiThessalonica

Hungary

Hungaria
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
BudapestBudapestinum
DebrecenDebrecinum
DunakesziContra Constantiam
DunaújvárosIntercisa
EgerAgria
EsztergomStrigonium
GyőrIaurinum
KőszegGinsium
MosonmagyaróvárMosonium
NagytétényCampona
PécsSopianæ
SopronScarbantia
SzázhalombattaMatrica
SzegedSegedinum
SzékesfehérvárAlba Regia
SzekszárdAlisca
SzentendreSanctæ Andræ
SzombathelySavaria
TácGorsium

Ireland

Irlandia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
ConnachtConnociaConnacht
Hill of TaraTemroTeamhair na Ríogh
LeinsterLageniaLaighin
MeathMidia
MunsterMomoniaMumhain
UlsterUltoniaUlaidh

Netherlands

Nederlandia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
Alphen aan den RijnAlbaniaAlphen aan den Rijn
LeidenLugdunum BatavorumLeidenMeant Katwijk until the Renaissance
MaastrichtMastrictumMaastricht
NijmegenNoviomagus BatavorumNijmegen
UtrechtUltraiectumUtrecht
Valkenburg, South HollandPrætorium AgrippinæValkenburg
VechtenFectioVechten
VoorburgForum HadrianiVoorburg
Wijk bij DuurstedeLevefanumWijk bij Duurstede
WoerdenLaurumWoerden
ZwammerdamNigrum PullumZwammerdam

Poland

Polonia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
KrakówCracoviaKraków
WarsawVarsoviaWarszawa
WrocławVratislaviaWrocław
ŚwinoujścieSuenemundumŚwinoujście
PoznańPosnaniaPoznań

Romania

English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
Alba-IuliaApulum
CaransebeșTibiscum
Cluj-NapocaClaudiopolis
Iglița-TurcoaiaTroesmis
MangaliaCallatis
TurdaPotaissa
Turnu-SeverinDrobeta

Serbia

English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
BelgradeBelogradumBeograd
Sremska MitrovicaSirmium, Civitas Sancti DemetriiSremska Mitrovica
NišNaissusNiš
GamzigradFelix RomulianaGamzigrad

Slovakia

English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
BratislavaBratislavia
Banská BystricaNeosolium
KošiceCassovia
PrešovEperiessinum
TrenčínLaugaricio
ZvolenVetus Solium

Spain

Hispania
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
Alcalá de HenaresAlcala
AlicanteLucentum
AlmeríaPortus Magnus
BarcelonaBarcino
CádizGades
CalatayudBilbilis
CartagenaCarthago Nova
CórdobaCorduba
GironaGerunda
GranadaGranata
HuelvaOnuba
HuescaOsca
JacaIaca
LéonLegio
LleidaIlerda
LugoLucus Augusti
MadridMatritum
MéridaAugusta Emerita
Palma de MallorcaPalma
SalamancaSalamantica
SevilleHispalis
TarragonaTarraco
ToledoToletum
ValenciaValentia
ZaragozaCæsaraugusta

Sweden

Suecia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
GävleGevaliaGävle
GothenburgGothoburgumGöteborg
MalmöMalmogiaMalmö
StockholmHolmiaStockholm

Switzerland

Helvetia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
BernBernaBernGerman
GenevaGenavaGèneveFrench
ZürichTuricumZürichGerman

Turkey

Turcia
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
AntakyaAntiochiaAntakya
EdirneHadrianopolisEdirne
EdremitAdramyttiumEdremit
EreǧliHeraclea CybistraEreǧli
ErzurumTheodosiopolisErzurum
EskişehirDorylæumEskişehir
GaziantepAntiochia ad TaurumGaziantep
İstanbulByzantiumİstanbul
Constantinopolis
Nova Roma
İzmirSmyrnaİzmir
İzmitNicomediaİzmit
İznikNicæaİznik
Karadeniz EreğliHeraclea PonticaKaradeniz Ereğli
KayseriCæsareaKayseri
KonyaIconiumKonya
KütahyaCotyæumKütahya
MalatyaMeliteneMalatya
Marmara EreǧlisiHeraclea PerinthusMarmara Ereǧlisi
NiksarNeocæsareaNiksar

United Kingdom

Britannium Regnum
English nameLatin nameEndonymNotes
NameLanguage
BathAquæ SulisBathEnglish
CanterburyCantuariaCanterburyEnglish
CarlisleCarleolumCarlisleEnglish
ChelmsfordCaesaromagusChelmsfordEnglish
ChesterCestriaChesterEnglish
ColchesterCamulodunum, ColcestriaColchesterEnglish
DoverDubrisDoverEnglish
EdinburghEdinburgumDùn ÈideannScottish Gaelic
EdinburghEnglish, Scots
GloucesterGlocestriaGloucesterEnglish
LeicesterLeicestriaLeicesterEnglish
LincolnLindumLincolnEnglish
LondonLondiniumLondonEnglish
ManchesterMancunium, MancestriaManchesterEnglish
Newcastle upon TyneNovum CastrumNewcastle upon TyneEnglish
RichboroughRutupiæRichboroughEnglish
Saint AlbansVilla Sancti AlbaniSaint AlbansEnglish
WinchesterVintoniaWinchesterEnglish
WroxeterViroconium CornoviorumWroxeterEnglish
YorkEboracum, EburacumYorkEnglish

See also