Latin Extended-B Explained

Rangestart:	0180
Rangeend:	024F
Script1:	Latin
Alphabets:	Africa alphabet Americanist Azerbaijani Khoisan Pan-Nigerian Pinyin Romanian
1 0 0:	113
1 1:	35
3 0:	30
3 2:	1
4 0:	4
4 1:	11
5 0:	14
Note:	Block range was extended by 80 code points in Unicode 1.1 during the unification with ISO 10646.^[1] ^[2]

Latin Extended-B is the fourth block (0180-024F) of the Unicode Standard. It has been included since version 1.0, where it was only allocated to the code points 0180-01FF and contained 113 characters. During unification with ISO 10646 for version 1.1, the block range was extended by 80 code points and another 35 characters were assigned. In version 3.0 and later, the last 60 available code points in the block were assigned. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was Extended Latin.^[3]

Character table

Code	Glyph	Decimal	Description
Non-European and historic Latin
U+0180		ƀ	Latin Small Letter B with Stroke
U+0181		Ɓ	Latin Capital Letter B with Hook
U+0182		Ƃ	Latin Capital Letter B with Top Bar
U+0183		ƃ	Latin Small Letter B with Top Bar
U+0184		Ƅ	Latin Capital Letter Tone Six
U+0185		ƅ	Latin Small Letter Tone Six
U+0186		Ɔ	Latin Capital Letter Open O
U+0187		Ƈ	Latin Capital Letter C with Hook
U+0188		ƈ	Latin Small Letter C with Hook
U+0189		Ɖ	Latin Capital Letter African D
U+018A		Ɗ	Latin Capital Letter D with Hook
U+018B		Ƌ	Latin Capital Letter D with Top Bar
U+018C		ƌ	Latin Small Letter D with Top Bar
U+018D		ƍ	Latin Small Letter Turned Delta
U+018E		Ǝ	Latin Capital Letter Reversed E
U+018F		Ə	Latin Capital Letter Schwa
U+0190		Ɛ	Latin Capital Letter Open E (= Latin Capital Letter Epsilon)
U+0191		Ƒ	Latin Capital Letter F with Hook
U+0192		ƒ	Latin Small Letter F with Hook
U+0193		Ɠ	Latin Capital Letter G with Hook
U+0194		Ɣ	Latin Capital Letter Gamma
U+0195		ƕ	Latin Small Letter HV
U+0196		Ɩ	Latin Capital Letter Iota
U+0197		Ɨ	Latin Capital Letter I with Stroke
U+0198		Ƙ	Latin Capital Letter K with Hook
U+0199		ƙ	Latin Small Letter K with Hook
U+019A		ƚ	Latin Small Letter L with Bar
U+019B		ƛ	Latin Small Letter Lambda with Stroke
U+019C		Ɯ	Latin Capital Letter Turned M
U+019D		Ɲ	Latin Capital Letter N with Left Hook
U+019E		ƞ	Latin Small Letter N with Long Right Leg
U+019F		Ɵ	Latin Capital Letter O with Middle Tilde
U+01A0		Ơ	Latin Capital Letter O with Horn
U+01A1		ơ	Latin Small Letter O with Horn
U+01A2		Ƣ	Latin Capital Letter OI (= Latin Capital Letter Gha)
U+01A3		ƣ	Latin Small Letter OI (= Latin Small Letter Gha)
U+01A4		Ƥ	Latin Capital Letter P with Hook
U+01A5		ƥ	Latin Small Letter P with Hook
U+01A6		Ʀ	Latin Letter YR
U+01A7		Ƨ	Latin Capital Letter Tone Two
U+01A8		ƨ	Latin Small Letter Tone Two
U+01A9		Ʃ	Latin Capital Letter Esh
U+01AA		ƪ	Latin Letter Reversed Esh Loop
U+01AB		ƫ	Latin Small Letter T with Palatal Hook
U+01AC		Ƭ	Latin Capital Letter T with Hook
U+01AD		ƭ	Latin Small Letter T with Hook
U+01AE		Ʈ	Latin Capital Letter T with Retroflex Hook
U+01AF		Ư	Latin Capital Letter U with Horn
U+01B0		ư	Latin Small Letter U with Horn
U+01B1		Ʊ	Latin Capital Letter Upsilon
U+01B2		Ʋ	Latin Capital Letter V with Hook
U+01B3		Ƴ	Latin Capital Letter Y with Hook
U+01B4		ƴ	Latin Small Letter Y with Hook
U+01B5		Ƶ	Latin Capital Letter Z with Stroke
U+01B6		ƶ	Latin Small Letter Z with Stroke
U+01B7		Ʒ	Latin Capital Letter Ezh
U+01B8		Ƹ	Latin Capital Letter Ezh Reversed
U+01B9		ƹ	Latin Small Letter Ezh Reversed
U+01BA		ƺ	Latin Small Letter Ezh with Tail
U+01BB		ƻ	Latin Letter Two with Stroke
U+01BC		Ƽ	Latin Capital Letter Tone Five
U+01BD		ƽ	Latin Small Letter Tone Five
U+01BE		ƾ	Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop with Stroke
U+01BF		ƿ	Latin Letter Wynn
African letters for clicks
U+01C0		ǀ	Latin Letter Dental Click
U+01C1		ǁ	Latin Letter Lateral Click
U+01C2		ǂ	Latin Letter Alveolar Click
U+01C3		ǃ	Latin Letter Retroflex Click
Croatian digraphs matching Serbian Cyrillic letters
U+01C4		DŽ	Latin Capital Letter DZ with Caron
U+01C5		Dž	Latin Capital Letter D with Small Letter Z with Caron
U+01C6		dž	Latin Small Letter DZ with Caron
U+01C7		LJ	Latin Capital Letter LJ
U+01C8		Lj	Latin Capital Letter L with Small Letter J
U+01C9		lj	Latin Small Letter LJ
U+01CA		NJ	Latin Capital Letter NJ
U+01CB		Nj	Latin Capital Letter N with Small Letter J
U+01CC		nj	Latin Small Letter NJ
Pinyin diacritic-vowel combinations
U+01CD		Ǎ	Latin Capital Letter A with Caron
U+01CE		ǎ	Latin Small Letter A with Caron
U+01CF		Ǐ	Latin Capital Letter I with Caron
U+01D0		ǐ	Latin Small Letter I with Caron
U+01D1		Ǒ	Latin Capital Letter O with Caron
U+01D2		ǒ	Latin Small Letter O with Caron
U+01D3		Ǔ	Latin Capital Letter U with Caron
U+01D4		ǔ	Latin Small Letter U with Caron
U+01D5		Ǖ	Latin Capital Letter U with Diaeresis and Macron
U+01D6		ǖ	Latin Small Letter U with Diaeresis and Macron
U+01D7		Ǘ	Latin Capital Letter U with Diaeresis and Acute
U+01D8		ǘ	Latin Small Letter U with Diaeresis and Acute
U+01D9		Ǚ	Latin Capital Letter U with Diaeresis and Caron
U+01DA		ǚ	Latin Small Letter U with Diaeresis and Caron
U+01DB		Ǜ	Latin Capital Letter U with Diaeresis and Grave
U+01DC		ǜ	Latin Small Letter U with Diaeresis and Grave
Phonetic and historic letters
U+01DD		ǝ	Latin Small Letter Turned E
U+01DE		Ǟ	Latin Capital Letter A with Diaeresis and Macron
U+01DF		ǟ	Latin Small Letter A with Diaeresis and Macron
U+01E0		Ǡ	Latin Capital Letter A with Dot Above and Macron
U+01E1		ǡ	Latin Small Letter A with Dot Above and Macron
U+01E2		Ǣ	Latin Capital Letter AE with Macron
U+01E3		ǣ	Latin Small Letter AE with Macron
U+01E4		Ǥ	Latin Capital Letter G with Stroke
U+01E5		ǥ	Latin Small Letter G with Stroke
U+01E6		Ǧ	Latin Capital Letter G with Caron
U+01E7		ǧ	Latin Small Letter G with Caron
U+01E8		Ǩ	Latin Capital Letter K with Caron
U+01E9		ǩ	Latin Small Letter K with Caron
U+01EA		Ǫ	Latin Capital Letter O with Ogonek
U+01EB		ǫ	Latin Small Letter O with Ogonek
U+01EC		Ǭ	Latin Capital Letter O with Ogonek and Macron (=Latin Capital Letter O with Macron and Ogonek)
U+01ED		ǭ	Latin Small Letter O with Ogonek and Macron (=Latin Small Letter O with Macron and Ogonek)
U+01EE		Ǯ	Latin Capital Letter Ezh with Caron
U+01EF		ǯ	Latin Small Letter Ezh with Caron
U+01F0		ǰ	Latin Small Letter J with Caron
U+01F1		DZ	Latin Capital Letter DZ
U+01F2		Dz	Latin Capital Letter D with Small Letter Z
U+01F3		dz	Latin Small Letter DZ
U+01F4		Ǵ	Latin Capital Letter G with Acute
U+01F5		ǵ	Latin Small Letter G with Acute
U+01F6		Ƕ	Latin Capital Letter Hwair
U+01F7		Ƿ	Latin Capital Letter Wynn
U+01F8		Ǹ	Latin Capital Letter N with Grave
U+01F9		ǹ	Latin Small Letter N with Grave
U+01FA		Ǻ	Latin Capital Letter A with Ring Above and Acute
U+01FB		ǻ	Latin Small Letter A with Ring Above and Acute
U+01FC		Ǽ	Latin Capital Letter AE with Acute
U+01FD		ǽ	Latin Small Letter AE with Acute
U+01FE		Ǿ	Latin Capital Letter O with Stroke and Acute
U+01FF		ǿ	Latin Small Letter O with Stroke and Acute
Additions for Slovenian and Croatian
U+0200		Ȁ	Latin Capital Letter A with Double Grave
U+0201		ȁ	Latin Small Letter A with Double Grave
U+0202		Ȃ	Latin Capital Letter A with Inverted Breve
U+0203		ȃ	Latin Small Letter A with Inverted Breve
U+0204		Ȅ	Latin Capital Letter E with Double Grave
U+0205		ȅ	Latin Small Letter E with Double Grave
U+0206		Ȇ	Latin Capital Letter E with Inverted Breve
U+0207		ȇ	Latin Small Letter E with Inverted Breve
U+0208		Ȉ	Latin Capital Letter I with Double Grave
U+0209		ȉ	Latin Small Letter I with Double Grave
U+020A		Ȋ	Latin Capital Letter I with Inverted Breve
U+020B		ȋ	Latin Small Letter I with Inverted Breve
U+020C		Ȍ	Latin Capital Letter O with Double Grave
U+020D		ȍ	Latin Small Letter O with Double Grave
U+020E		Ȏ	Latin Capital Letter O with Inverted Breve
U+020F		ȏ	Latin Small Letter O with Inverted Breve
U+0210		Ȑ	Latin Capital Letter R with Double Grave
U+0211		ȑ	Latin Small Letter R with Double Grave
U+0212		Ȓ	Latin Capital Letter R with Inverted Breve
U+0213		ȓ	Latin Small Letter R with Inverted Breve
U+0214		Ȕ	Latin Capital Letter U with Double Grave
U+0215		ȕ	Latin Small Letter U with Double Grave
U+0216		Ȗ	Latin Capital Letter U with Inverted Breve
U+0217		ȗ	Latin Small Letter U with Inverted Breve
Additions for Romanian
U+0218		Ș	Latin Capital Letter S with Comma Below
U+0219		ș	Latin Small Letter S with Comma Below
U+021A		Ț	Latin Capital Letter T with Comma Below
U+021B		ț	Latin Small Letter T with Comma Below
Miscellaneous additions
U+021C		Ȝ	Latin Capital Letter Yogh
U+021D		ȝ	Latin Small Letter Yogh
U+021E		Ȟ	Latin Capital Letter H with Caron
U+021F		ȟ	Latin Small Letter H with Caron
U+0220		Ƞ	Latin Capital Letter N with Long Right Leg
U+0221		ȡ	Latin Small Letter D with Curl
U+0222		Ȣ	Latin Capital Letter OU
U+0223		ȣ	Latin Small Letter OU
U+0224		Ȥ	Latin Capital Letter Z with Hook
U+0225		ȥ	Latin Small Letter Z with Hook
U+0226		Ȧ	Latin Capital Letter A with Dot Above
U+0227		ȧ	Latin Small Letter A with Dot Above
U+0228		Ȩ	Latin Capital Letter E with Cedilla
U+0229		ȩ	Latin Small Letter E with Cedilla
Additions for Livonian
U+022A		Ȫ	Latin Capital Letter O with Diaeresis and Macron
U+022B		ȫ	Latin Small Letter O with Diaeresis and Macron
U+022C		Ȭ	Latin Capital Letter O with Tilde and Macron
U+022D		ȭ	Latin Small Letter O with Tilde and Macron
U+022E		Ȯ	Latin Capital Letter O with Dot Above
U+022F		ȯ	Latin Small Letter O with Dot Above
U+0230		Ȱ	Latin Capital Letter O with Dot Above and Macron
U+0231		ȱ	Latin Small Letter O with Dot Above and Macron
U+0232		Ȳ	Latin Capital Letter Y with Macron
U+0233		ȳ	Latin Small Letter Y with Macron
Additions for Sinology
U+0234		ȴ	Latin Small Letter L with Curl
U+0235		ȵ	Latin Small Letter N with Curl
U+0236		ȶ	Latin Small Letter T with Curl
Miscellaneous addition
U+0237		ȷ	Latin Small Letter Dotless J
Additions for Africanist linguistics
U+0238		ȸ	Latin Small Letter DB Digraph
U+0239		ȹ	Latin Small Letter QP Digraph
Additions for Sencoten
U+023A		Ⱥ	Latin Capital Letter A with Stroke
U+023B		Ȼ	Latin Capital Letter C with Stroke
U+023C		ȼ	Latin Small Letter C with Stroke
U+023D		Ƚ	Latin Capital Letter L with Bar
U+023E		Ⱦ	Latin Capital Letter T with Diagonal Stroke
Additions for Africanist linguistics
U+023F		ȿ	Latin Small Letter S with Swash Tail
U+0240		ɀ	Latin Small Letter Z with Swash Tail
Miscellaneous additions
U+0241		Ɂ	Latin Capital Letter Glottal Stop
U+0242		ɂ	Latin Small Letter Glottal Stop
U+0243		Ƀ	Latin Capital Letter B with Stroke
U+0244		Ʉ	Latin Capital Letter U Bar
U+0245		Ʌ	Latin Capital Letter Turned V
U+0246		Ɇ	Latin Capital Letter E with Stroke
U+0247		ɇ	Latin Small Letter E with Stroke
U+0248		Ɉ	Latin Capital Letter J with Stroke
U+0249		ɉ	Latin Small Letter J with Stroke
U+024A		Ɋ	Latin Capital Letter Q with Hook Tail
U+024B		ɋ	Latin Small Letter Q with Hook Tail
U+024C		Ɍ	Latin Capital Letter R with Stroke
U+024D		ɍ	Latin Small Letter R with Stroke
U+024E		Ɏ	Latin Capital Letter Y with Stroke
U+024F		ɏ	Latin Small Letter Y with Stroke

Subheadings

The Latin Extended-B block contains ten subheadings for groups of characters: Non-European and historic Latin, African letters for clicks, Croatian digraphs matching Serbian Cyrillic letters, Pinyin diacritic-vowel combinations, Phonetic and historic letters, Additions for Slovenian and Croatian, Additions for Romanian, Miscellaneous additions, Additions for Livonian, and Additions for Sinology. The Non-European and historic, African clicks, Croatian digraphs, Pinyin, and the first part of the Phonetic and historic letters were present in Unicode 1.0; additional Phonetic and historic letters were added for version 3.0; and other Phonetic and historic, as well as the rest of the sub-blocks were the characters added for version 1.1.

Non-European and historic Latin

The Non-European and historic Latin subheading contains the first 64 characters of the block, and includes various variant letters for use in Zhuang, Americanist phonetic transcription, African languages, and other Latin script alphabets. It does not contain any standard letters with diacritics.

African letters for clicks

The four African letters for clicks are used in Khoisan orthography.

Croatian digraphs matching Serbian Cyrillic letters

The Croatian digraphs matching Serbian Cyrillic letters are three sets of three case mappings (lower case, upper case, and title case) of Latin digraphs used for compatibility with Cyrillic texts, Serbo-Croatian being a digraphic language.

Pinyin diacritic-vowel combinations

The 16 Pinyin diacritic-vowel combinations are used to represent the standard Mandarin Chinese vowel sounds with tone marks.

Phonetic and historic letters

The 35 Phonetic and historic letters are largely various standard and variant Latin letters with diacritic marks.

Additions for Slovenian and Croatian

The 24 Additions for Slovenian and Croatian are all standard Latin letters with unusual diacritics, like the double grave and inverted breve.

Additions for Romanian

The Additions for Romanian are 4 characters that were erroneously unified as having a cedilla, when they have a comma below. The conflation of S and T with cedilla vs. comma below continues to plague Romanian language implementation up to the present.^[4]

Miscellaneous additions

The Miscellaneous additions subheading contains 39 characters of various description and origin.

Additions for Livonian

The Additions for Livonian are 10 letters with diacritics for writing the Livonian language.

Additions for Sinology

The Additions for Sinology are three lowercase letters with curls used in the study of classical Chinese language.

Additions for Africanist linguistics

The Additions for Africanist linguistics are two lowercase letter with swash tails used in Africanist linguistics.

Additions for Sencoten

The Additions for Sencoten are 5 letters with strokes for writing Saanich.

Number of letters

The following table shows the number of letters in the Latin Extended-B block.

Type of subheading	Number of symbols	Range of characters
Non-European and historic Latin	64 various letters for use in Zhuang, Americanist phonetic transcription, African languages, and other Latin script alphabets.	U+0180 to U+01BF
African letters for clicks	Four African letters for clicks are used in Khoisan orthography.	U+01C0 to U+01C3
Croatian digraphs matching Serbian Cyrillic letters	Three sets of three case mappings (lower case, upper case, and title case) of Latin digraphs used for compatibility with Cyrillic texts.	U+01C4 to U+01CC
Pinyin diacritic-vowel combinations	Sixteen diacritic-vowel combinations which are used to represent the standard Mandarin Chinese vowel sounds with tone marks.	U+01CD to U+01DC
Phonetic and historic letters	35 Phonetic and historic letters which are largely various standard and variant Latin letters with diacritic marks.	U+01DD to U+01FF
Additions for Slovenian and Croatian	24 Additions for Slovenian and Croatian are all standard Latin letters with unusual diacritics, like the double grave and inverted breve.	U+0200 to U+0217
Additions for Romanian	4 characters that were erroneously unified as having a cedilla, when they have a comma below.	U+0218 to U+021B
Miscellaneous additions	14 characters of various description and origin.	U+021C to U+0229
Additions for Livonian	10 letters with diacritics for writing the Livonian language.	U+022A to U+0233
Additions for Sinology	Three lowercase letters with curls used in the study of classical Chinese language.	U+0234 to U+0236

Compact table

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Latin Extended-B block:

		Count	UTC ID	L2 ID	WG2 ID	Document
1.0.0	U+0180..01EF	112				(to be determined)
					N994
					doc)
					N1105
					N1162
					N2859
	U+01F0	1
1.1	U+01F1..01F5, 01FA..0217	35				(to be determined)
					N994
					doc)
3.0	U+01F6..01F7, 021C..021D	4			N1166
					N1547
					N1549
					N1603
					N1681
					N1894
	U+01F8..01F9	2			N1282
					doc)
					N1355
					N1353
					N1461
					N1453
					N1681
					N1894
	U+0218..021B	4
					N1361
					N1353
					N1440
					N1507
					N1453
					doc)
					N1603
					N1681
					N1894
					html, doc)
	U+021E..021F	2
					N1619
					N1703
					N1905
	U+0222..0225	4			N1741
				html)
				html, Figure 1)
					N1840
					N1885
					N1847
					doc)
					N1920
					html, doc)
	U+0226..0229	4			doc)
					N1920
					html, doc)
	U+022A..0233	10			N1322
					N1353
					N1453
					N1888
					N1920
					html, doc)
3.2	U+0220	1			N2306R
					doc)
4.0	U+0221, 0234..0236	4			N2366
					N2366R
					N2403
4.1	U+0237	1			N2590
	U+0238..0239, 023C	3
					N2740
	U+023A..023B, 023D..023E	4			N2784R
	U+023F..0240	2
					N2799
	U+0241	1
					N2789
5.0	U+0242	1
					N2962R
					N2942
					doc)
	U+0243..024F	13
					N2906
					doc)

See also

• Phonetic symbols in Unicode

References

Notes and References

1. Web site: Unicode character database. The Unicode Standard. 2023-07-26.
2. Web site: Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Standard. 2023-07-26.
3. Web site: 3.8: Block-by-Block Charts . The Unicode Standard . version 1.0 . Unicode Consortium.
4. Web site: Kaplan. Michael. The history of messing up Romanian on computers. Sorting it all out.