| Automobiles Industriels Latil S. A. | |
| Predecessor: | Compagnie Française d'Mecánique et d'Automobiles |
| Successor: | Saviem |
| Type: | Limited company |
| Industry: | Automotive |
| Founded: | 1909 |
| Founder: | Charles Blum |
| Owner: | Blum family (majority) |
| Defunct: | 1955 |
| Fate: | Merged with Somua and Renault Poids Lourds into Saviem |
| Hq Location City: | Suresnes |
| Hq Location Country: | France (from 1914) |
| Area Served: | Western Europe |
Automobiles Industriels Latil, commonly known as Latil, was a French manufacturer of commercial and military vehicles created to manage the assets of the defunct Compagnie Française d'Mecánique et d'Automobiles, to market Georges Latil's, an early front-wheel drive system. The company was established in 1909 by entrepreneur Charles Blum as Charles Blum & Cie. It started to use in the 1910s as a trading name. The company started to produce military vehicles by the 1910s and commercial ones in great numbers by the end of World War I. In 1928, the company adopted its trading name as its legal name. It was dissolved in 1955 after being merged into the Saviem group.
In 1898, Georges Latil and Aloïs Korn established an enterprise in Marseille (Korn et Latil) to market a Latil invention, the, a kit to convert carriages into front-wheel drive vehicles. In 1901, Latil and Korn moved its operations to Levallois-Perret and created the to sell it in Paris. Despite an initial success, the company was declared bankrupt.[1] By 1905, Charles Blum became an investor and administrator of the company's assets. In 1909, he took over the assets and created a new company called to manage them. He kept Georges Latil and his brother Lazare as part of the technical managing team.[1] In June 1912, the company was reorganised as a and renamed, later trading as .[2] That same year, Blum established another company to operate a fleet of vehicles equipped with the . In 1914, Latil opened a new, larger production plant in Suresnes to replace Levallois-Perret. The Suresnes plant had 20,000 square metres (m2) of covered area in a site of 30,000 m2.[1] [2]
By 1911, the company started to develop field artillery haulage, for which they created tractors with the layout of a truck. Latil produced one of its first four-wheel, all-terrain vehicle called the TAR, which it sold to the army to use on the Voie Sacrée during World War I to supply troops with 155 mm guns.[3] [4]
After the war, the company also fully entered into the commercial vehicle business, including trucks.[5] In 1924, it unveiled the first of the TL series of four-wheel drive multipurpose tractors.[6]
In November 1928, all the Latil group companies were merged into which became a and was renamed as .[1]
In the 1930s, Latil introduced diesel engines using Gardner licence for direct injection.[5] [7] The company also opened a second plant at Saint-Cloud.
During World War II, it collaborated with the ammunitions company MAP and sold tractors under the name MAP-Latil.[8] After the occupation of France, the Latil plants produced vehicles for the Wehrmacht and only escaped Allied bombing because they were in densely populated areas. In October 1944, Blum, being a French Jew, died exiled in New York.[9]
In 1945, the Pons Plan reduced the number of vehicle manufacturers from 28 to seven and Latil was made part of the Peugeot-led grouping.[8]
After World War II, the company found it increasingly difficult to compete with its larger rivals.[5] In 1948, it simplified its forward control range by introducing the H14 and H16 A1s, with a shared cabin, standardised components and using mostly just a couple of engines with Gardner licence.[7]
In 1955, Latil was combined with the heavy vehicles division of Renault and with Somua to form Saviem. The Blum family and other stockholders kept shares in the new company until it became a wholly owned Renault subsidiary in 1959.[10] The Latil truck range was gradually phased out, initially being sold as Latil and then briefly as Saviem-LRS and Saviem.[11]
Following the merging, Latil's TL tractor range was also sold as Latil and then as Saviem. In 1962, the licence for the tractors' production was sold to the Creusot-Loire conglomerate, which marketed them as the Latil Batignolles.[12]
Latil's British subsidiary, Latil Industrial Vehicles Ltd., was established in 1924. Up to 1932, Latil's products were imported from France. From 1932[13] to either 1937[14] or 1939, Latil licensed local assembly (mostly Latil's all-wheel drive tractors) to Shelvoke and Drewry. From late 1933 onwards, British-assembled Latil tractors were marketed as Latil Trauliers.[13]
After World War II, Latil's tractors in the UK were partially assembled by US Concessionaires Ltd.[15] The British assembled tractors usually changed the original engines for local ones, mostly Meadows units.[13] [15]
| Chassis | Variants | Engines | Payload | Gearboxes | Wheelbase | Type | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bore and stroke | |||||||||
| B | Petrol | 85 mm x 130 mm | 4-speed manual | 3,500—3,900 cm | Light truck and bus/coach | 1922–1930 | |||
| VL◇ | 105 mm x 140 mm | 3,500–4,424 cm | Transit bus and delivery truck | 1919–1924 | |||||
| NVL◇ | 1925–1930 | ||||||||
| P◇ | ? | 3–4 tonnes | ? | Truck | 1919–1924 | ||||
| NP◇ | 3,500–3,900 cm | 1925–1930 | |||||||
| B5 | 4,100–5,140 cm | Truck and bus/coach | 1925–1936 | ||||||
| PB | - | 85 mm x 130 mm | 1.8 tonnes | 3,412 cm | Light truck and bus/coach | 1931–1933 | |||
| PBb | 90 mm x 130 mm | 2,430–4,280 cm | Truck and bus/coach | 1931–1935 | |||||
| GPB | 100 mm x 130 mm | 2,430–4,280 cm | 1931–1937 | ||||||
| SPB | 105 mm x 160 mm | 2,665–4,400 cm | 1931–1935 | ||||||
| FY10 | - | 110 mm x 160 mm | 10 tonnes | 5,530 cm | 6x2 truck | 1932–1934 | |||
| FB6 | - | 4,100–5,140 cm | Truck | 1934–1939 | |||||
| PB10 | - | 10 tonnes | 3,800 cm | 1932–1933 | |||||
| V3 | 100 mm x 115 mm | 4,710–5,517 cm | 4x2/6x2 truck and 4x2 bus/coach | 1932–1938 | |||||
| M | I4 | 75 mm x 120 mm | 3,350–3,410 cm | Light truck and bus/coach | 1934–1939 | ||||
| Mb | 100 mm x 130 mm | 3,410–4,750 cm | Truck | 1935–1942 | |||||
| H4B1 | - | 95 mm x 133 mm | 3,410 cm | Light truck | 1935–1940 | ||||
| H1B6 | - | 108 mm x 152 mm | 4,100–5,140 cm | Truck | 1934–1939 | ||||
| H1 A1 B6☆ | - | 4,940 cm | 1936–1939 | ||||||
| H1 A B3 | - | 4,710–5,517 cm | Bus/coach | 1937–1939 | |||||
| H2B8 | - | 4,100–5,140 cm | Truck | 1934–1943 | |||||
| H2 A1 Y10☆ | - | 5,325 cm | 6x2 truck | 1937–1948 | |||||
| H2 A1 B8☆ | - | 8 tonnes | 3,890–4,950 cm | Truck | 1937–1948 | ||||
| H1 A1 B4/B4T☆ | - | I4 | 5-speed manual | 2,300–4,880 cm | 1939–1948 | ||||
| H3 A1 B5☆ | - | 3,270 cm | 1947–1948 | ||||||
| Latil H14 and H16 A1☆ | - | Various | Various | 1948–1960 | |||||
| H12 B10 T | - | I6 | 116 mm x 152 mm | 30 tonnes (hauling) | 4-speed manual | 4,165 cm | 1950–1957 | ||
| Notes | |||||||||
| Sources | |||||||||
| [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] | |||||||||