List of largest birds explained

The largest extant species of bird measured by mass is the common ostrich (Struthio camelus), closely followed by the Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes). A male ostrich can reach a height of 2.8m (09.2feet) and weigh over 156.8kg (345.7lb), A mass of 200kg (400lb) has been cited for the ostrich but no wild ostriches of this weight have been verified.[1] Ostrich eggs are the largest of any bird, averaging 1.4kg (03.1lb).[2]

The largest wingspan of any extant bird is that of the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) of the Sub-Antarctic oceans. The largest dimensions found in this species are an approximate head-to-tail length of 1.44m (04.72feet) and a wingspan of 3.65m (11.98feet).

The largest bird of all time was likely the elephant bird Aepyornis maximus, which was estimated to have weighed NaNkg (-2,147,483,648lb) and stood at 3m (10feet) tall.[3]

The largest wingspan of all time likely belonged to Pelagornis sandersi at roughly 5.2 m (17 ft).[4] P. sandersi was also likely the largest bird to ever fly.[5]

Largest extinct birds

Table of heaviest bird species

RankBinomial nameMass estimate[kg (lb)]FamilyOrderGeological age
align=center 1Aepyornis maximus850kg (1,870lb)Aepyornithidae (greater elephant birds)Aepyornithiformes (elephant birds)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 2Dromornis stirtoni800kg (1,800lb)[6] Dromornithidae (mihirungs)Anseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-11.63"Late Miocene
align=center 3Pachystruthio dmanisensis450kg (990lb)[7] Struthioniformes (ostriches)data-sort-value="-2.58"Early Pleistocene
align=center 4Brontornis burmeisteri319kg (703lb)[8] Brontornithidae (thunderbirds)Anseriformes(waterfowl)data-sort-value="-23.03"Early Miocene
align=center 5Pachystruthio indet300kg (700lb)[9] Struthioniformes (ostriches)data-sort-value="-2.58"Early Pleistocene
align=center 6Dromornis planei300kg (700lb)[10] Dromornithidae (mihirungs)Anseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-15.97"Middle Miocene
align=center 7Genyornis newtoni275kg (606lb)Dromornithidae (mihirungs)Anseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene
align=center 8Struthio anderssoni270kg (600lb)[11] Struthioniformes (ostriches)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene
align=center 9Dromornis murrayi250kg (550lb)[12] Dromornithidae (mihirungs)Anseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-27.82"Late Oligocene-Early Miocene
align=center 10Paraphysornis brasilienis240kg (530lb)[13] Phorusrhacidae (terror birds)data-sort-value="-23.03"Early Miocene
align=center 11Aepyornis hildebrandti235kg (518lb)[14] Aepyornithidae (greater elephant birds) Aepyornithiformes (elephant birds)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 12Dromornis australis220kg (490lb)Dromornithidae (mihirungs)Anseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-5.333"Pliocene
align=center 13Gastornis gigantea200kg (400lb)GastornithidaeAnseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-56.0"Eocene
14Dinornis sp.192kg (423lb)[15] Dinornithidae (giant moa)Dinornithiformes (moa)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
15Ilbandornis woodburnei175kg (386lb)Dromornithidae (mihirungs)Anseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-11.63"Late Miocene
16Devincenzia pozzi161kg (355lb)[16] Phorusrhacidae (terror birds)data-sort-value="-23.03"Neogene
17Ilbandornis lawsoni150kg (330lb)Dromornithidae (mihirungs)Anseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-11.63"Late Miocene
18Titanis walleri150kg (330lb)[17] Phorusrhacidae (terror birds)data-sort-value="-5.333"Pliocene-Early Pleistocene
19Gastornis parisiensis135kg (298lb)[18] GastornithidaeAnseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-56.0"Eocene
align=center 20Gargantuavis philoinos120kg (270lb)[19] GargantuaviidaeAvialaedata-sort-value="-100.5"Late Cretaceous
align=center 21Palaeeudyptes klekowskii116kg (256lb)[20] Sphenisciformes (penguin)data-sort-value="-56.0"Eocene
align=center 23Kelenken guillermoi100kg (200lb)[21] Phorusrhacidae (terror birds)data-sort-value="-15.97"Middle Miocene
align=center 24Phorusrhacos longissmus94kg (207lb)Phorusrhacidae (terror birds)data-sort-value="-23.03"Miocene
align=center 25Mullerornis modestus80kg (180lb)Mullerornithidae (lesser elephant birds) Aepyornithiformes (elephant birds) data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 26Pachyornis elephantopus80kg (180lb)Emeidae (lesser moa)Dinornithiformes (moa)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 27Argentavis magnificens71kg (157lb)[22] Teratornithidae (teratorn)Cathartiformes (New World vultures)data-sort-value="-23.03"Miocene
align=center 28Barawertornis tedfordi70kg (150lb)Dromornithidae (mihirungs)Anseriformes (waterfowl)data-sort-value="-27.82"Late Oligocene-Early Miocene
align=center 29Mesembriornis incertus70kg (150lb)[23] Phorusrhacidae (terror birds)data-sort-value="-5.333"Pliocene
align=center 30Pachyornis australis67kg (148lb)[24] Emeidae (lesser moa)Dinornithiformes (moa)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 31Emeus crassus58kg (128lb)Emeidae (lesser moa)Dinornithiformes (moa)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 32Euryapteryx curtus47.5kg (104.7lb)Emeidae (lesser moa)Dinornithiformes (moa)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 33Megalapteryx didinus40kg (90lb)Megalapterygidae (upland moa)Dinornithiformes (moa) data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 34Anomalopteryx didiformis40kg (90lb)Emeidae (lesser moa)Dinornithiformes (moa)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 35Sylviornis neocaledoniae30.5kg (67.2lb) Sylviornithidae (giant megapodes)Galliformes (landfowl)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 36Eremopezus eocaenus30kg (70lb)[25] Eremopezidaedata-sort-value="-56.0"Eocene
align=center 37Pezophaps solitaria28kg (62lb)[26] Columbiformes (doves and pigeons)data-sort-value="-0.0117"Holocene
align=center 38Pachyornis geranoides27kg (60lb)Emeidae (lesser moa)Dinornithiformes (moa)data-sort-value="-0.129"Late Pleistocene-Holocene
align=center 39Patagornis marshi23kg (51lb) Phorusrhacidae (terror birds)data-sort-value="-23.03"Miocene
40Pelagornis sandersi21.7kg (47.8lb)[27] Odontopterygiformes (pseudotooth birds)data-sort-value="-33.9"Oligocene

Largest extant birds

Table of heaviest extant bird species

The following table is a list of the heaviest extant bird species based on maximum reported or reliable mass, with the average weight is also given for comparison. These species are almost all flightless, having denser bones and heavier bodies. Flightless birds comprise less than 1% of all extant bird species.

RankCommon nameBinomial NameAverage mass
[kg (lb)]
Maximum mass
[kg (lb)]
Average total length
[cm (ft)]
Flighted
1 Struthio camelus[28] No
2 Struthio molybdophanesNo
3 Casuarius casuarius[29] No
4 Casuarius unappendiculatusNo
5 Dromaius novaehollandiae[30] No
6 Aptenodytes forsteri[31] No
7 Rhea americanaNo
8 Casuarius bennettiNo
9 Rhea pennataNo
10 Aptenodytes patagonicus[32] No
11 Meleagris gallopavo[33] [34] Yes
12 Cygnus buccinatorYes
13 Diomedea exulans[35] Yes
14 Cygnus olorYes
15 Pelecanus crispusYes
16 Ardeotis koriYes
17 Cygnus cygnusYes
18 Vultur gryphus[36] Yes
19 Gymnogyps californianus[37] [38] Yes
20 Otis tarda[39] Yes

By families

Birds of prey (Accipitriformes)

Waterfowl (Anseriformes)

Swifts and allies (Apodiformes)

Nightjars and allies (Caprimulgiformes)

Shorebirds (Charadriiformes)

Herons and allies (Ciconiiformes)

Mousebirds (Coliiformes)

Pigeons (Columbiformes)

Rollers, Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, motmots, and todies (Coraciiformes)

Hornbills, hoopoe, and wood-hoopoes (Order Bucerotiformes)

Cuckoos, coucals and roadrunners (Cuculiformes)

Falcons (Falconiformes)

Gamebirds (Galliformes)

Loons (Gaviiformes)

Cranes and allies (Gruiformes)

Songbirds (Passeriformes)

Cormorants and allies (Pelecaniformes)

Tropicbirds (Phaethontiformes)

Flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes)

Woodpeckers and allies (Piciformes)

Grebes (Podicipediformes)

Tubenoses (Procellariiformes)

Hoatzin (Opisthocomiformes)

Parrots (Psittaciformes)

Sandgrouse (Pterocliformes)

Penguins (Sphenisciformes)

Owls (Strigiformes)

Ratites (Struthioniformes)

Tinamous (Tinamiformes)

Trogons (Trogoniformes)

See also

Notes and References

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  4. News: 2014-07-07 . Fossil of 'largest flying bird' identified . 2024-05-29 . BBC News . en-GB.
  5. ibid.
  6. Handley . Warren D. . Chinsamy . Anusuya . Yates . Adam M. . Worthy . Trevor H. . 2016-09-02 . Sexual dimorphism in the late Miocene mihirung Dromornis stirtoni (Aves: Dromornithidae) from the Alcoota Local Fauna of central Australia . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . en . 36 . 5 . e1180298 . 10.1080/02724634.2016.1180298 . 2016JVPal..36E0298H . 88784039 . 0272-4634.
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  8. Degrange, F. J., Noriega, J. I., & Areta, J. I. (2012). Diversity and paleobiology of the Santacrucian birds. Early Miocene paleobiology in Patagonia: high-latitude paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, 138-155.
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