| Building Name: | Lankatilaka Vihara |
| Native Name: | ලංකාතිලක විහාරය இலங்காதிலக விகாரை |
| Native Name Lang: | Sinhala |
| Location: | Kandy, Sri Lanka |
| Coordinates: | 7.2338°N 80.565°W |
| Religious Affiliation: | Buddhism |
| Province: | Central Province |
| District: | Mahanuwara |
| Heritage Designation: | Archaeological protected monument[1] (16 December 1949) |
| Architecture: | yes |
| Architecture Type: | Buddhist Temple |
| Founded By: | King Bhuvanekabahu IV |
Lankatilaka Vihara (si|ලංකාතිලක විහාරය|laṁkātilaka vihāraya,)[2] is a Buddhist temple situated in Udunuwara of Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is located on Daulagala road approximately 4km (02miles) away from Pilimatalawa junction and a few kilometres from the buddhist temple, Gadaladeniya Vihara. It is considered the most magnificent architectural edifice created during the Gampola era.[3]
The history of the temple goes back to the 14th century. According to historical reports this temple was built during the time of King Bhuvanekabahu IV, who reigned from 1341 to 1351 A.D.[4] He entrusted the construction of this temple to his Chief Minister named Senalankadhikara, who successfully finished the works of this temple. The architecture of the temple was designed by a South Indian architect named Sathapati Rayar.[5] According to Professor Senarath Paranavithana, Sathapati Rayar designed this temple using Tamil Pandya sculptors brought from Tamil Nadu in Hindu style. in the 13th century, Polonnaruwa era and also with other Dravidian and Indo Chinese architectural patterns.
The vihara buildings have been built on a natural rock called Panhalgala Rock. Among the buildings, the image house possesses characteristically outstanding architectural features, embellished with traditional Sinhalese sculptures. According to the facts recorded in the Lankatilake copper plaque, this image house was constructed as a four-storied mansion with a height of eighty feet, but today only 3 stories can be seen. The walls and the ceiling of the image house have been adorned with the Kandyan era paintings and sculptures.
Rock curved inscriptions found in the temple premises with both Sinhala and Tamil sections, proclaim about the initiators and the facilities gifted to this temple by the kings.[6] According to historian K. Indrapala, the temple inhibits the longest Tamil inscription found in Sri Lanka, which suggests that the pre-colonial kingdoms used Tamil alongside Sinhala as official languages.[7]
The image house of the Lankatilaka is enriched with six devales. The gods: Upulvan; Ganapathi; Saman; Vibhishana, Kataragama deviyo and Kumara Bandara are worshipped here.[8] Kumara bandara is believed to be the deity, who protects the Lankatilaka vihara.