Land og Folk explained

Type:Daily newspaper
Format:Broadsheet
Owners:-->
Foundation:1919
Political:Communist
Language:Danish
Ceased Publication:28 December 1990
Headquarters:Copenhagen
Publishing Country:Denmark
Oclc:70257033

Land og Folk (in Danish ˈlænˀ ʌ ˈfʌlˀk/; Danish: Land and People) was a communist newspaper published from 1919 to 1990. It became the main organ of the Communist Party of Denmark (DKP) from 1920 and boomed in circulation during World War II, growing from 12,000 copies in 1940 to 120,000 copies in 1945. The paper was printed in Copenhagen, but distributed countrywide. It ran the Land og Folk Festival, which gathered around 100,000 visitors annually.[1]

History and profile

The newspaper was established as a weekly in 1919 under the name of Arbejdet (Danish: The Labour). In 1920, it became the central organ of the DKP.[2] [3] The following year it was renamed as Arbejderbladet (Danish: The Worker's Paper) after the formation of the Communist Federation.[4] The paper was published on a daily basis from 1964.[4]

Its title was Arbejderbladet until June 1941[4] which was changed to Land og Folk on 1 March 1942,[5] after a brief existence with the title Politiske Maanedsbreve (Danish: Political Monthly Letters).[4] [6] During the German occupation of Denmark in World War II, on 22 June 1941, and a few months before Denmark joined a revised anti-comintern pact in November that same year, Danish police arrested and detained hundreds of communists. On 22 August 1941 the paper was banned. However, it was published illegally by the Danish resistance movement until 1945.[7] [8]

In 1950, an automatic Mercedes printing machine and in 1969, a printing press were given to Land og Folk by the East German ruling communist party, SED.[9] The paper had some conflicts with the DKP in the mid-1960s.[10] The paper claimed in the early 1950s that the American Federal Bureau of Investigation was like the Gestapo describing the Truman administration as a Fascist government.[11]

In the 1960s the subscribers of Land og Folk included large number of Russians, and the paper was sent to Moscow each day.[9] However, a rift occurred between the paper and the DKP central committee in 1968 when the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia.[12]

Frede Jakobsen served as the editor-in-chief of Land og Folk[13] which was based in Copenhagen.[7] [14] David Hejgaard was the industrial editor of the paper in the mid-1940s.[15]

Land og Folk ceased publication in 1982.[16] It was later restarted, but permanently folded on 28 December 1990.[17] [18]

The photo archive of Land og Folk is kept in Arbejdermuseet in Copenhagen.[19] [20]

Circulation

In the 1920s its circulation ranged between 4,000 and 6,000 copies.[4] During the next decade its circulation was significantly increased and became nearly 12,000 copies in 1940.[4] By the end of the Nazi occupation in 1945 the paper had a daily circulation of 120,000 copies.[5]

The circulation of Land og Folk was 19,181 in 1952.[21] During the last six months of 1957 the paper sold 10,833 copies on weekdays.[22] Land og Folk had a circulation of 7,100 copies in 1975.[2]

Notes and References

  1. Communisme, No 20-21, 1988/1989. p. 192
  2. Encyclopedia: Land og Folk. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. 3rd. 1979.
  3. Book: Marc E. Vargo. Women of the Resistance: Eight Who Defied the Third Reich. 2012. McFarland. 978-1-4766-0038-3. 61. Jefferson, NC; London.
  4. Web site: Morten Thing. The Communist Party of Denmark and Comintern 1919-1943. Roskilde University Digital Archive. 1990. 14 July 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233047/http://rudar.ruc.dk/bitstream/1800/1073/1/The_communist_party.pdf. dead.
  5. Book: David Gilbertson. The Nightmare Dance: Guilt, Shame, Heroism and the Holocaust. 2014. Matador. 978-1-78306-609-4. 157. Kibworth Beauchamp.
  6. Web site: The Danish Resistance against the German Occupation of Denmark 1940-45 under World War 2. 2 January 2015. May 2014. Danish Culture.
  7. Web site: Land og Folk - Et illegalt blads historie. 16 May 2015. da. HSB.
  8. Nathaniel John Hong. The illegal press in German-occupied Denmark, April 1940-August 1943. . 11 . 979-8-208-10240-4. University of Washington. PhD. 1993.
  9. Morten Thing. The Communists' Capital. What Next.
  10. Joseph R. Starobin. Communism in Western Europe. Foreign Affairs. 44. 1. 1965. 10.2307/20039144. 68. 20039144.
  11. Nils Arne Sørensen. Narrating the Second World War in Denmark since 1945. Contemporary European History. 14. 3. 2005. 20081266. 305. 10.1017/S096077730500247X.
  12. Book: Thomas Wegener Friis. Władysław Bułhak. 2023. Stuttgart. Władysław Bułhak. Thomas Wegener Friis. A Centenary of Polish-Danish Relations. Franz Steiner Verlag. 978-3-515-13468-2. 172. Denmark and Solidarność. https://doi.org/10.25162/9783515134682. 10.25162/9783515134682.
  13. Web site: Who we are?. Tvind Alert. 2 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150102153923/http://tvindalert.com/who-we-are/. 2 January 2015. dead.
  14. Neils Thomsen. The Danish political press. Scandinavian Political Studies. 3. A3. 144–164. 10.1111/j.1467-9477.1968.tb00461.x. January 1968.
  15. Book: Jesper Jørgensen . Stephen R. Parsons. Jesper Jørgensen. Flemming Mikkelsen. Trade Union Activism in the Nordic Countries since 1900 . 2023. Palgrave Macmillan. Cham. 978-3-031-08987-9. 171. 10.1007/978-3-031-08987-9_8. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08987-9_8. Mass Labor Protest and Trade Union Activism in Early Post-War Copenhagen.
  16. Book: Henrik Søndergaard. Rasmus Helles. Media policies and regulatory practices in a selected set of European countries, the EU and the Council of Europe. 2010. The Mediadem Consortium. Athens. http://www.mediadem.eliamep.gr/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/BIR.pdf#page=378. The case of Denmark. 2 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150102081418/http://www.mediadem.eliamep.gr/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/BIR.pdf#page=378. 110. dead.
  17. Encyclopedia: Jette Drachmann Søllinge. Land og Folk. Den Store Danske Encyklopædi. da. 14 December 2020.
  18. Web site: Mediestream AvisID oversigt - København. Det KGL Bibliotek. 8 July 2023. da.
  19. Web site: Arbejdermuseet Museum and the Labour Movement Library and Archives. Europeana. 2 January 2015. 21 December 2012.
  20. Web site: The Workers' Museum: Home to History. Digital Meets Culture. 2 January 2015.
  21. Web site: Taru Spiegel. Danish Newspapers at the Library of Congress. Library of Congress. 8 July 2023.
  22. Britt-Mari Persson Blegvad. Acta Sociologica. Newspapers and Rock and Roll Riots in Copenhagen. 7. 3. 151–178. 10.1177/000169936400700302. 4193580. July 1964. 144443862.

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