Lancing College Explained

Lancing College (formerly College of St Mary and St Nicolas)
Motto:	'Beati Mundo Corde'^[1] (Blessed are the pure in heart)^[2]
Type:	Public school Private day and boarding
Head Label:	Head Master
Head:	Dominic Oliver
R Head Label:	Provost
Chair Label:	Chairman
Chair:	Martin Slumbers
Country:	England
Postcode:	BN15 0RW
Urn:	126108
Enrolment:	c.600
Gender:	Mixed
Lower Age:	13
Upper Age:	18
Houses:	10 (Gibbs', School, Head's, Second's, Handford, Sankey's, Field's, Manor, Saints', Teme)
Colours:	Blue and White and Gold
Publication:	The Quad
Free Label 1:	Former pupils
Free Label 2:	Affiliation

Lancing College is a public school (English private boarding and day school) for pupils aged 13–18 in southern England, UK. The school is located in West Sussex, east of Worthing near the village of Lancing, on the south coast of England. Lancing was founded in 1848 by Nathaniel Woodard and educates c. 600 pupils between the ages of 13 and 18; the co-educational ratio is c. 60:40 boys to girls. Girls were admitted beginning in 1971. The first co-ed, Saints’ House, was established in September 2018, bringing the total number of Houses to 10. There are 5 male houses (Gibbs, School, Teme, Heads, Seconds) and 4 female houses (Fields, Sankeys, Manor, Handford).

Overview

The college is situated on a hill which is part of the South Downs, and the campus dominates the local landscape. The college overlooks the River Adur, and the Ladywell Stream, a holy well or sacred stream within the College grounds, has pre-Christian significance.^[3] Woodard's aim was to provide education "based on sound principle and sound knowledge, firmly grounded in the Christian faith," and the discipline of the prefect's cane. However John Dancy was appointed headmaster in 1953 to improve academic standards, which had taken second place to prowess in sport. Lancing was the first of a family of more than 30 schools founded by Woodard. Other schools include Ardingly College, Bloxham School, The Cathedral School, Denstone College, and Ellesmere College.

Roughly 65% of pupils are either full or weekly boarders, at a cost of £14,850 per term; 35% are day pupils, at a cost of £10,150 per term. Occasional overnight stays are available to day pupils at an additional cost of £74 per night.^{[4] [5]}

The school is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. Girls were first admitted in 1970. The school is dominated by a Gothic revival chapel, and follows a high church Anglican tradition. The College of St Mary and St Nicolas (as it was originally known) in Shoreham-by-Sea was intended for the sons of upper middle classes and professional men; in time this became Lancing College, moving to its present site in 1857.

The school's buildings of the 1850s were designed by the architect Richard Cromwell Carpenter, with later ones by John William Simpson.

In 2003, it was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.^[6] Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.

Chapel

See main article: Lancing College Chapel. The college Chapel is a Grade I Listed building that was finally completed in 2022. The first phase of its construction began in 1863 with the installation of the foundations of the building, completed five years later. One report states that the foundations are 60 feet (18 metres) deep. ^[7] The structure itself would not be fully completed until long after Woodard's death in 1891, although the tower at the west end that had been planned in the 1800s would not be built as of 2024;.^[8] the tower had been intended to raise the height to 100 metres. The apex of the vaulting rises to 27.4 m (90 ft).^[9] It was designed^[10] by R. H. Carpenter and William Slater, and is built of Sussex sandstone from Scaynes Hill.

By 18 July 1911, the upper chapel had been built and went into use after its consecration and dedication to St Mary and St Nicholas; this phase of the work was completed through the efforts of Woodard’s son, William. "Despite a shortage of funds, he turned all the vaults and oversaw the completion of all but two bays of the main interior ..." according to a 2024 report. The listing by Historic England provides this more specific summary of the Gothic Revival upper chapel at that time:^[11]

The main portion of the Chapel was finished in 1911. It consists of an apse and 10 bays. Central portion with aisles. Great buttresses flank the windows of the aisles. Over the roof of the aisles double flying buttresses connect the buttresses below to the walls of the main building. Balustrade of pointed arcading. Slate roof.

Prior to July 1911, the college had worshipped in the finished crypt since that was consecrated in 1875.^[12]

Before the final completion of the chapel in the 21st century, additional work was completed over the decades. As of May 1978, the structure contained among other things, the tomb of the founder, three organs, and a rose window designed by Stephen Dykes Bower, completed in 1977,and the largest rose window built since the Middle Ages, being 32 ft in diameter. It was added by James Longley Construction, a building company which operated from 1863 to 2020, and was also involved in the building of Christ’s Hospital near Horsham. Some reports state that the structure is the largest school chapel in the world.^[13]

The eastern organ is a two-manual mechanical organ built by the Danish firm Frobenius and was installed and voiced in situ in 1986. That year also marked the completion of the rebuild of the four-manual Walker organ at the west end of the chapel^[14] – both of which were showcased in the opening concert by the American organ virtuoso, Carlo Curley.

A stained-glass window was commissioned in memory of Trevor Huddleston OL, and consecrated by Desmond Tutu on 22 May 2007. The west wall of the chapel was built between 1960 and 2017. that area had remained bricked up since 1978 when bricks replaced the previous corrugated iron facade.^[15]

In 2019, permission was obtained for building the western three-arched porch that had been designed by Michael Drury. During this phase, the brickwork in the facade was also completed as were the chapel's buttresses.^[16]

Lancing College Chapel was closed to visitors during the coronavirus pandemic and, subsequently, during the construction of the west end porch and refurbishment work on the school kitchens opposite, reopening to the public on 25 April 2022.

Campus

During World War II, students were evacuated to Downton Castle in Herefordshire.^[17] Both the main college and the prep school buildings were requisitioned by the Admiralty and became part of the Royal Navy shore establishment .

Developments

In 1856 Lancing created its own code of football which (unlike other school codes) was regarded as a means of fostering teamwork.^[18]

Notable alumni

Arts

• George Warner Allen (1916–1988), artist of the Neo-Romantic school.
• Tim Battersby,(1962–1967) composer, musician and lyricist
• David Bedford (1937–2011), composer and musician, worked with (among others) Mike Oldfield,orchestrating Tubular Bells.
• Giles Cooper (1918–1966), radio dramatist, injured in The Spanish Civil War, later working with The Royal Shakespeare Company, Kenneth Williams and Harold Pinter and dramatised the works of John Wyndham, Charles Dickens and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
• John Lowry-Corry, 8th Earl Belmore, Patron of the Arts, on the board of the National Gallery of Ireland.
• Frederick Gore (1913–2009), post-impressionist artist, educator and author.
• Brodrick Haldane (1912–1996), art photographer whom Sir Cecil Beaton described as the founder of modern society photography.
• Henry Hardy, student and editor of the epistemological, dialectical and historiographical works of Isaiah Berlin and music composer
• Sir Peter Pears (1910–1986), tenor, associated with the composer Benjamin Britten, his personal and professional partner
• Peter Ball (1932-2019) Suffragan Bishop of Lewes 1992-1993, convicted sex offender.
• Edward Piper (1938–1990), artist (son of British Modernist painter and Official War artist, John Piper)
• Sir Tim Rice, lyricist, best known for work with Andrew Lloyd Webber, with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Jesus Christ Superstar, and Evita; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA, with whom he wrote Chess
• Neil Richardson (1930–2010), composer, arranger and conductor of various BBC Radio Orchestras

Literature

• Nigel Andrews, film critic and author
• Stuart Cloete (1897–1976), novelist
• Andrew Crofts (author), ghostwriter
• Plantagenet Somerset Fry (1931–1996), historian and author
• Mark Mills (writer), novelist and screenplay writer
• Jan Morris, author and journalist
• Alex Preston, novelist and descendant of the 19th-century British Prime Minister Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey.
• Tom Sharpe, novelist.
• Evelyn Waugh (1903–1966), novelist
• Philip Womack, author and journalist, married to Princess Tatiana von Preussen.

Broadcasting, theatre and film

• George Baker (1931–2011), actor best known for portraying Tiberius in I, Claudius, and Inspector Wexford in The Ruth Rendell Mysteries.
• Christopher Hampton, playwright
• Sir David Hare, playwright
• Alex Horne, comedian
• Royce Ryton (1924–2009), actor and playwright
• Jeremy Sinden (1950–1996), actor in Chariots of Fire and Brideshead Revisited.
• Dali Tambo, South African TV presenter
• Jamie Theakston, TV and radio presenter
• John Williams (1903–1983), actor, appeared in Alfred Hitchcock's Dial M for Murder, The Twilight Zone, Night Gallery, Columbo, and .
• Linton Conrathe (1968-2021) Channel 4 TV presenter

Politics and law

• Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana (2017–)
• Greg Barker, Baron Barker of Battle, Minister of State for Energy and Climate Change (2010–2014)
• Nicholas Browne-Wilkinson, Baron Browne-Wilkinson, Vice-Chancellor of the Supreme Court (1985–1991), Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (1995–2000)
• Tom Driberg, Baron Bradwell (1905–1976), Chairman of the Labour Party (1957–1958)
• Sir Roger Fulford (1902–1983), President of the Liberal Party (1964–1965)
• Patrick Maitland, 17th Earl of Lauderdale (1911–2008), Member of Parliament for Lanark (1951–1959)
• Sir Robert Megarry (1910–2006), Vice-Chancellor of the Chancery Division (1976–1981), Vice-Chancellor of the Supreme Court (1982–1985)
• Hugh Molson, Baron Molson (1903–1991), Minister of Works (1957–1959)
• William Rhys Powell, barrister, Member of Parliament for Corby (1983–1997)
• Sir Charles Arthur Roe (1841–1926), Chief Justice of the Lahore High Court (1895–1898)
• John Sankey, 1st Viscount Sankey (1866–1948), Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (1929–1935)
• William Thomas Wells (1908–1990), barrister, Member of Parliament for Walsall (1945–1955) and Walsall North (1955–1974)
• Rob Wilson, Minister for Civil Society (Cabinet Office) (2014–2017)

Diplomatic service

• Sir Philip Adams (1915–2001), British Chargé d'affaires to Sudan (1954–1956), British Ambassador to Jordan (1966–1970), British Ambassador to Egypt (1973–1975)
• David Lloyd (diplomat), British Ambassador to Slovenia (1997–2000)
• Sir Christopher Meyer, British Ambassador to Germany (1997), British Ambassador to the United States (1997–2003)
• Andrew Page, British Ambassador to Slovenia (2009–2013)
• Sir Elwin Palmer (1852–1906), diplomat and colonial administrator
• Sir John Richmond (diplomat) (1909–1990), British Ambassador to Kuwait (1961–1963), British Ambassador to Sudan (1965–1966)
• Humphrey Trevelyan, Baron Trevelyan (1905–1985), British Chargé d'affaires to China (1953–1955), British Ambassador to Egypt (1955–1956), British Ambassador to Iraq (1958–1961), British Ambassador to Russia (1962–1965), last High Commissioner of Aden (1967)
• Edward Twining, Baron Twining (1899–1967), Governor and Commander-in-Chief, North Borneo (1946–1949); Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Tanganyika (1949–1958)
• Sir Armigel Wade (1890–1966), Colonial Secretary in Kenya (1934–1939)

Sciences

• Sir Roy Calne, pioneer of liver transplantation
• Jack Herbert Driberg, anthropologist^[19]
• Basil William Sholto Mackenzie, 2nd Baron Amulree (1900–1983), physician and geriatrician
• Charles Francis Massey Swynnerton (1877–1938), naturalist
• Richard Mason (explorer) 1935–1961, last British person to have been killed by Uncontacted peoples in the Amazon
• Gino Watkins (1907–1932), Arctic explorer

The Church

• Michael Ball, suffragan Bishop of Jarrow (1980–1990) and Bishop of Truro (1990–1997)
• Peter Ball, suffragan Bishop of Lewes (1977–1992) and Bishop of Gloucester (1992–1993), convicted sex offender
• Christopher Russell Campling, Dean of Ripon (1984–1995)
• Thomas William Cook (1866–1928), Bishop of Lewes (1926–1928)
• Charles John Corfe (1843–1921), inaugural Bishop in Korea (1889–1904)
• Anthony Charles Foottit, Bishop of Lynn (1999–2003)
• Sir Francis Heathcote, 9th Baronet (1868–1961), Anglican Bishop of New Westminster (1940–1951)
• Sir Edwyn Hoskyns, 12th Baronet (1851–1925), Bishop of Burnley (1901–1904), Bishop of Southwell (1904–1925)
• Trevor Huddleston (1913–1998), Archbishop of the Indian Ocean (1976–1984), Bishop of Masasi (1959–1968), Bishop of Stepney (1968–1978), Bishop of Mauritius (1978–1984)
• John Dudley Galtrey Kirkham, Bishop of Sherborne (1976–2001)
• Lewis Evan Meredith (1900–1968), Bishop of Dover (1957–1964)
• Cyril Jonathan Meyrick, Bishop of Lynn (2011–)
• David Reindorp, vicar of Chelsea Old Church, Chaplain to the Honourable Artillery Company and to the Worshipful Company of Fan Makers
• Erik Routley (1917–1982), Congregational minister, composer and musicologist
• James Leo Schuster (1912–2006), Bishop of St John's (1956–1980)
• Henry Edward Champneys Stapleton, Dean of Carlisle (1988–1998)
• Mark Napier Trollope (1862–1930), third Bishop in Korea (1911–1930)
• Ajahn Vajiro (Philip Richard Gunton), (translated as the thunderbolt of Indra), Theravada Buddhist Bhikkhu and disciple of Ajahn Chah and Ajahn Sumedho, received Upasampadā (ordination) at Wat Pah Pong hermitage in Ubon Ratchathani, North East Thailand, later helping establish Amaravati Buddhist Monastery in Hertfordshire, England. Ajahn Vajiro is founder and Abbot of Sumedharama, a Buddhist Vihara Monastery in the Theravada Forest Tradition of Ajahn Chah in Ericeira, Portugal.

Armed forces

• Lt-Gen Sir Louis Jean Bols (1867–1930), Chief of Staff to the Third Army (World War I), Chief Administrator of Palestine (1919–1920)
• Major-General Eric Louis Bols (1904–1985), General Officer Commanding (GOC) 6th Airborne Division (1944–1946)
• Brig Sir Iltyd Nicholl Clayton (1886–1965), policy-maker active in formation of the Arab League
  • Col. Andrew Croft (1906—1998), explorer and member of the Special Operations Executive Lt-Gen Sir John Fullerton Evetts (1891–1988), Assistant Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1942–1944), Master-General of the Ordnance (1944–1946)
• H.S.H. Maj Prince George G. Imeretinsky (1897–1972), Grenadier Guards and Royal Flying Corps Officer
• H.S.H. Sqn Ldr Prince Michael Imeretinsky (1900–1975), Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve Officer
• Col St George Corbet Gore (1849–1913), Surveyor General of India (1899–1904)
• Thomas Percy Henry Touchet-Jesson, 23rd Baron Audley (1913–1963), soldier, playwright
• Capt John Letts (1897–1918), First World War flying ace
• Maj George Henry Wellington Loftus, 7th Marquess of Ely (1903–1969), soldier
• Maj Galbraith Lowry-Corry, 7th Earl Belmore (1913–1960), soldier
• Lt-Gen Vyvyan Pope (1891–1941), GOC XXX Corps (1941)
• AVM John Frederick Powell (1915–2008), Director of Education Services RAF
• Sqn Ldr/Lt Cdr Jeffrey Quill (1913–1996), Spitfire test pilot
• Lt-Gen Sir Alan Reay (1925–2012), Director General Army Medical Services (1981–1984)
• Gen Sir Neil Ritchie (1897–1983), Commander-in Chief, Eighth Army (1941–1942)
• Maj-Gen David Rutherford-Jones, Commandant of the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst (2007–2009), Military Secretary (2009–2011)
• AVM Sir Stanley Vincent (1897–1976), Air Officer Commanding No. 13 Group (1943–1944), Air Officer Commanding No. 11 Group (1948–1950), only RAF pilot to shoot down the enemy in both world wars
• Maj-Gen Sir Alexander Wilson (1858–1937), Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (1916–1920)
• RAdm Sir Robert Woodard, Commander of the Royal Yacht Britannia (1985–1990)

Business

• Sir Edgar Beck (1911–2000), Chairman (1961–79) then President (1981–2000) of Mowlem
• Sinclair Beecham, co-founder of Pret a Manger
• Sir John Gilbert Newton Brown (1916–2003), Publisher of the Oxford University Press (1956–1980)
• Sir Michael Darrington, Managing Director of Greggs
• Paul Duffen, Chairman of Hull City A.F.C. (2007–2010)
• Stephen Green, Baron Green of Hurstpierpoint, Group Chairman of HSBC Holdings plc (2006–2010), Minister of State for Trade and Investment (2011–2013)
• Timothy Ko (1967-2021), Co-Founder of Ko Pharma Services.^[20]
• Sir Derek Alun-Jones (1933–2004), Chairman of Ferranti (1982–1990)
• Raymond Kwok Ping Luen, vice-chairman and Managing Director of Sun Hung Kai Properties, Chairman of SmarTone Telecommunications Holdings Limited

Sport

• Thomas Southey Baker (1848–1902), amateur athlete who was on the winning crew that won The Boat Race in 1869 and played for England in the fourth unofficial football match against Scotland in November 1871.^[21]
• Reginald Birkett (1849–1898), England footballer, 1880 FA Cup winner
• Tony Bloom (1970 -), Chairman of Brighton and Hove Albion Football Club
• Edward Cawston (1911–1998), Sussex cricketer
• Edgar Field (1854–1934), England footballer, 1880 FA Cup winner
• Andy Frampton, footballer
• Arthur Greenfield (1887–1966), first-class cricketer
• Henry Hammond (1866–1910), England footballer
• Elphinstone Jackson (1868–1945), England footballer and co-founder of the Indian Football Association
• Dunlop Manners (1916–1994), first-class cricketer
• Sholto Marcon (1890–1959), England field hockey player, gold medallist at the 1920 Summer Olympics.^[22]
• Richard Meade, England equestrian and gold medallist at the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1972 Summer Olympics
• George Neale (1869–1915), cricketer
• Cyril Richards (1870–1933), cricketer
• Peter Robinson, cricketer
• Graham Sharman, cricketer and squash player
• Callum Shepherd, jockey
• Charles Wollaston (1849–1926), England footballer, five times FA Cup winner, eighth captain of the England national football team

Academia

• Rajnarayan Chandavarkar (1953–2006), historian and author, reader in the history and politics of South Asia and fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge.
• Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Nazi era scholar and researcher of esoteric mystical and secret orders.
• Max Mallowan (1904–1978), archaeologist and scholar; British archaeologist, specialising in ancient Middle Eastern history, Mesopotamian civilization and the heritage of Nineveh. Mallowan was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1960 Queen's Birthday Honours, and knighted in 1968
• Brian Manning (1927–2004), radical Marxist polemicist and political activist, member of the Irish Socialist Workers Network.
• Rana Mitter, historian and political scientist, focusing on realpolitik, China and the country's increasing role in a multipolar world.
• Henry Nettleship (1839–1893), English classical scholar of Virgil.
• Peter Self (1919–1999), scholar, Professor of Public Administration at the London School of Economics, where he was a prominent member and leader of its Greater London Group research centre. Father of author Will Self.
• John Dover Wilson (1881–1969), literary critic; professor and scholar of Renaissance drama, focusing particularly on the work of William Shakespeare.

Notable former staff members

• Richard Budworth (1867–1937), former Master and an English rugby union forward
• Sir William Gladstone, 7th Baronet (born 1925), former Head Master and Chief Scout of the United Kingdom
• Harry Guest, former Master and poet
• G.O. Smith, sportsman and footballer of the nineteenth century
• John Inge, former chemistry teacher and Assistant Chaplain and current Bishop of Worcester
• Edward Clarke Lowe (1823–1912), former Second Master, Provost of St Nicholas College Lancing and key participant in the foundation and development of the Woodard Schools, and first Headmaster of Hurstpierpoint College
• Arthur Temple Lyttelton, Provost of St Nicholas College Lancing, third Bishop of Southampton (1898–1903)
• Sheppard Frere, former House Master, Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Provinces at the University of London (1961–1966), Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Empire at Oxford University
• J. F. Roxburgh (1888–1954), former Housemaster, first Headmaster of Stowe School
• Haldane Campbell Stewart (1868—1942), former Director of Music. Musician and composer. Organist and choirmaster at Magdalen College, Oxford (1919–1938, 1941–1942). Cricketer for Kent County Cricket Club (1892–1903). Father of concert viola performer, Jean Stewart, and of Lorn Alastair Stewart (Johnnie Stewart), who was creator of Top of the Pops.^{[23] [24]}

Headmasters

• Henry Jacobs (Aug–Dec 1848)
• Charles Edward Moberly (1849–1851)
• John Branthwaite (1851–1859)
• Henry Walford (1859–1861)
• Robert Edward Sanderson (1862–1889)
• Harry Ward McKenzie (1889–1894)
• Ambrose John Wilson (1895–1901)
• Bernard Henry Tower (1901–1909)
• Canon Henry Thomas Bowlby (1909–1925)
• Cuthbert Harold Blakiston (1925–1934)
• Frank Cecil Doherty (1935–1953)
• John Christopher Dancy (1953–1961)
• Sir Erskine William Gladstone KG Bt (1961–1969)
• Ian David Stafford Beer (1969–1981)
• James Stephen Woodhouse (1981–1993)
• Christopher John Saunders (1993–1998)
• Peter M. Tinniswood (1998–2005)
• Richard R. Biggs (acting, 2005–2006)
• Jonathan William James Gillespie FRSA (Sept 2006–2014)
• Dominic Oliver (2014–present)^[25]

Coat of Arms

Escutcheon:	Argent, on a bend cotised Sable a cross couped between two martlets of the first; all within a bordure engrailed Azure; the whole surmounted of a chief Ermine thereon between two purses Or a pale of the third charged with a lily also Or.
Motto:	'Beati mundo corde'
Notes:	Granted in 1923.^[26]

See also

• List of works by R. C. Carpenter

External links

• Lancing College school website
• The Woodard Corporation
• Old Lancing: OLs
• Lancing Prep Hove school website
• Lancing Prep Worthing school website
• Little Lancing - Lancing College Nursery website
• ISI Inspection Reports – Hove Prep School & Worthing Prep School & Senior School

Coordinates

50.8464°N -0.3042°W

Notes and References

1. Web site: Matthaeus 5 Latin: Biblia Sacra Vulgata. 8 January 2017. 25 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170225022510/http://biblehub.com/vul/matthew/5.htm. live.
2. Web site: Matthew 5:8 Multilingual: Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.. 8 January 2017. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081201/http://biblehub.com/multi/matthew/5-8.htm. live.
3. Web site: Our Lady's Well (Lancing). The Megalithic Portal and Megalith. Map. 8 January 2017. 10 June 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110610094308/http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=10642. live.
4. Web site: StudyLink . Britannia . 2021-10-05 . Lancing College Review: Fees, Rankings And More . 2024-04-16 . Britannia StudyLink Malaysia: UK Study Expert . en-GB.
5. Web site: Fees. 28 February 2020. 14 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200114142342/https://www.lancingcollege.co.uk/lancing-college/admissions/fees. live.
6. News: Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees – Times Online . London . The Times . Sadie . Gray . 31 July 2008 . 7 October 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081007080058/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece . live .
7. Web site: Visit Magnificent Lancing Chapel. 19 May 2023. Sussex Exclusive . 21 April 2024.
8. Web site: ‘One of the great landmarks of the Sussex coast’, finally finished some 156 years after work was started. 14 April 2024. Country Life . 21 April 2024.
9. Web site: Visit Worthing – Lancing College Chapel. 22 June 2014. Visit Worthing. 26 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140626030942/http://www.visitworthing.co.uk/what-to-do/lancing-college-chapel-p45563. live.
10. Web site: Visit Magnificent Lancing Chapel. 19 May 2023. Sussex Exclusive . 21 April 2024.
11. Web site: Lancing College, The Chapel. 6 December 2016. Historic England. 21 April 2024.
12. Web site: Visit Magnificent Lancing Chapel. 19 May 2023. Sussex Exclusive . 21 April 2024.
13. Web site: Visit Magnificent Lancing Chapel. 19 May 2023. Sussex Exclusive . 21 April 2024.
14. The History of the English Organ. Stephen Bicknell, Cambridge University Press, 1999
15. Web site: Visit Magnificent Lancing Chapel. 19 May 2023. Sussex Exclusive . 21 April 2024.
16. Web site: ‘One of the great landmarks of the Sussex coast’, finally finished some 156 years after work was started. 14 April 2024. County Life. 21 April 2024.
17. Web site: Liberal England: Shropshire on the screen. Jonathan. Calder. 12 July 2005. 8 January 2017. 9 January 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170109022901/http://liberalengland.blogspot.com/2005/07/shropshire-on-screen.html. live.
18. J. Lowerson and J. Myerscough, Time to Spare in Victorian England (Brighton: Harvester, 1977) pp 119–20, cited in Football: The First Hundred Years. The Untold Story. Adrian Harvey, Routledge, 2005
19. Haddon. E. B.. Mr. J. H. Driberg. 157. 3983. 257–258. Obituary. Nature. 10.1038/157257b0. 1946. 1946Natur.157..257H. free.
20. Web site: KO PHARMA SERVICES LTD overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK . 2023-10-07 . find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk . en.
21. Book: Mitchell. Andy. First Elevens: The Birth of International Football. 2012. Andy Mitchell Media. 978-1475206845. 78 & 106.
22. https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/998/998205/998205.html Sholto Marcon
23. 'Dr. H. C. Stewart: Music at Oxford' (Obituary). The Times, Wednesday 17 June 1942 (Issue 49,264); p. 7 http://www.hcstewart.com/biography--obituaries.html
24. Jean Stewart. Obituaries. The Independent. 17 January 2003. https://web.archive.org/web/20100221032223/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jean-stewart-601969.html
25. Lancing College History. https://www.lancingcollege.co.uk/lancing-college/about/history
26. Web site: Lancing College . Heraldry of the World . 13 February 2023.