Lance J. Sussman Explained

Lance J. Sussman
Birth Name:Lance Jonathan Sussman
Birth Date:17 July 1954
Birth Place:Baltimore, Maryland
Education:Doctor of Divinity
Ph.D. in American Jewish History
Master of Arts in Hebrew Letters
Bachelor of Arts in Religious Studies
Alma Mater:Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion
Franklin and Marshall College
Occupation:Rabbi Emeritus at Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel

Lance Jonathan Sussman (born July 17, 1954) is a historian of American Jewish History, college professor, Chair of the Board of Governors of Gratz College, Melrose Park, PA and until summer 2022 the senior rabbi, now emeritus, at Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel (KI)[1] located in Elkins Park, PA. He is the author of books and articles including: Isaac Leeser and the Making of American Judaism (1995)[2] and Sharing Sacred Moments (1999),[3] and a co-editor of Reform Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook (1993)[4] and New Essays in American Jewish History (2009).[5] Since 2010 he has also published articles on Judaism and art.

Early life, family and education

Lance Jonathan Sussman was born in Baltimore, Maryland and raised in suburban Pikesville, Maryland. His father, Charles Sussman (1925–2010),[6] was awarded a bronze star and other decorations for valor during World War II while serving in the 95th Infantry Division. After the war he was a teacher and an administrator in the Baltimore County Public Schools. His mother, Freda Sacki Sussman, was born in Bamberg, Germany in 1925. She fled Nazi Germany and resettled in the United States in 1938 and her family escaped the following year. Sussman married Elizabeth "Liz" Sussman (née Zeller) on August 6, 1977 in Rye, New York. She has had a career as both a Jewish educator and a music educator. They have five children and two grandchildren. Sussman also has a sister Marcelle who is a journalist.

In 1972, Sussman graduated from Pikesville Senior High School[7] where in addition to his academic work, he was President of the Poetry Club. He then attended Franklin and Marshall College[8] in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In 1975, after only three years in college, he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa[9] and graduated cum laude with a BA in Religious Studies. While attending Franklin and Marshall, he also studied Hebrew language at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[10] From 1975 to 1987, Sussman attended Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion[11] (HUC-JIR) in Cincinnati, Ohio. HUC-JIR is the rabbinical seminary for North American Reform Judaism. He received a Masters of Arts in Hebrew Letters in 1979 and was ordained as a Rabbi by HUC-JIR in June, 1980.[12] [13] While studying for his rabbinical degree he was awarded the Mrs. Arthur Hays Sulzberger Prize in Homiletics for the Best Short Sermon.

Before his ordination, Sussman was a student rabbi at Beth Boruk Temple,[14] in Richmond, Indiana, where he wrote and published The Emergence of A Jewish Community in Richmond, Indiana (1981).[15] This was Sussman's first published work in American Jewish History and the beginning of his scholarship on the history of Jewish communities in America. After ordination, Sussman remained at HUC-JIR where he earned a Ph.D. in American Jewish History in 1987, studying under Jacob Rader Marcus,[16] the most senior scholar of American Jewish History, and Jonathan D. Sarna, who is currently at Brandeis University.[17] Sussman's dissertation, "The Life and Career of Isaac Leeser (1806-1896): A Study of American Judaism in its Formative Period," was later published as Isaac Leeser and the Making of American Judaism (1995). Ironically, Leeser was a leader of the Jewish community in Philadelphia, where Sussman would ultimately spend the bulk of his rabbinical career. In 2005, HUC-JIR awarded Sussman an honorary Doctorate of Divinity.

Early career

From 1982 to 1986, while writing his doctoral dissertation, Sussman served as the rabbi of Temple Beth Shalom in Middleton, Ohio. In 1987, Sussman joined the faculty of the history department at the State University of New York at Binghamton (SUNY Binghamton), which is now called Binghamton University.[18] He was also a faculty member of the Judaic Studies Department. Sussman remained at SUNY Binghamton until 2001, where he was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure. In 1997–98, he was the chair of the Judaic Studies Department. From 1990 to 2001 he served as the founding President of Hillel at SUNY Binghamton.[19] In addition, from 1986 to 1990 he served as the rabbi at a Reconstructionist congregation, Temple Beth-El,[20] in Endicott, New York. From 1990 to 2001, in addition to teaching at SUNY Binghamton, he was also the rabbi at the much larger Temple Concord,[21] a Reform congregation, in Binghamton, NY. While at SUNY Binghamton, Sussman taught courses on American Jewish history, modern Jewish history, and world religious history and directed many Ph.D. students. During his years at SUNY Binghamton, Sussman was also a Group Leader for Birthright Israel[22] and the founder of Keshet Press, a not-for-profit company which published books on Jewish history in the southern tier of New York. While in Binghamton, Sussman also developed an exhibit for the University museum on Jewish migration and history in the southern tier of New York titled "Beyond the Catskills," and published a communal history by the same name in 1989.[23] In 1995, Sussman created Hanukkah House, a seasonal holiday museum, located in the historic Jonas M. Kilmer House, known as the 'Kilmer Mansion',[24] on the grounds of Temple Concord.

Philadelphia career and Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel

In 2001, Sussman moved to metropolitan Philadelphia where he accepted the pulpit at Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel (KI), which is the oldest reform congregation in Pennsylvania. KI was founded in 1847 as an orthodox synagogue and became a reform congregation in 1855. It was the fifth reform congregation in the United States.[25] KI is remarkable for the longevity of its rabbis. Sussman is only the eighth senior rabbi in KI's 160 years as a reform congregation. Among his predecessors are three extraordinary figures in American Jewish history. Rabbi David Einhorn (1809–1879),[26] was the most prominent Jewish abolitionist of the American Civil War era. Einhorn began his American career in Baltimore, where ironically Sussman was raised, but was forced to move to Philadelphia because of his opposition to slavery. During his tenure (1861–1866) KI became known as "The Abolitionist Temple". Rabbi Joseph Krauskopf (1858–1923),[27] founded the National Farm School in 1896 (now Delaware Valley University in Doylestown, Pennsylvania). He later served as a chaplain for American forces under Col. Theodore Roosevelt at the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish–American War. Rabbi Bertram Korn (1918–1979),[28] who as a Rear Admiral in the Chaplain Corps was the first Jewish chaplain to receive flag rank in any of the U.S. armed forces. Like Sussman, Korn was a prominent historian of the American Jewish experience and remembered for his classic study, American Jewry and the Civil War (1951).[29] In 2001 Sussman wrote a scholarly introduction for a 50th anniversary reprinting of this book. In 2019, KI created the Lance J Sussman Rabbinic Chair in honor of his 18th year leading the congregation.[30] Sussman currently holds that chair.

While serving as the senior rabbi at KI, Sussman has also continued to teach at the university level. He has been a visiting professor, adjunct professor, or lecturer at, among others, Princeton University, Temple University, Hunter College (City University of New York), Rutgers University, Gratz College, and the New York City campus of HUC-JIR. Since its founding in 1998, he has been a member of the Academic Advisory and Editorial Board of the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives at HUC-JIR in Cincinnati, Ohio. He has also served as a trustee of Delaware Valley College (now Delaware Valley University),[31] the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania,[32] and the American Jewish Historical Society[33] in New York City. In 2015 he became a member of the Board of Governors of Gratz College, and in July 2019 he became the Chair of the Board of Governors.[34] [35] He has also worked closely with the National Museum of American Jewish History[36] in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sussman regularly gives public lectures and presentations and has spoken at, among others, the American Jewish Committee in Berlin, Germany, Jagellonian University in Kraków, Poland, the Gershman YMHA (Young Men's Hebrew Association) Jewish Community Center in Philadelphia, the Center for Jewish History in New York City, the Annual Convention of the Central Conference of American Rabbis,[37] the biennial conference of the Union for Reform Judaism, Princeton University, and the National Museum of American Jewish History. He has served as an adviser to numerous public exhibitions at museums and other cultural institutions and been involved with many public television (PBS)programs.

Rabbinic Platform of 1998

Between 1998 and 2001, Sussman was active in a national debate among Reform leaders over the direction of the Movement. In 1998 the magazine Reform Judaism published a draft of a new platform for the movement. In May 1999, the annual meeting of the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR),[38] which is the organization of Reform Rabbis in the United States and Canada, debated this platform. In that debate Sussman offered numerous amendments to the proposed platform, many of which were adopted. After it was passed, Sussman publicly remarked, that despite his amendments, the new Platform, "doesn’t really address the religious needs of Reform Judaism at this time." In 2001 Sussman, working with Rabbi Robert M. Seltzer, a professor at Hunter College, City University of New York, responded to the 1999 platform by publishing "A Statement of Principles for Reform Judaism As it Approaches its Third Century."[39] This document challenged the leadership of the Reform Movement to develop a more modern and forward thinking of the nature of Reform Judaism. The "Statement" was initially published in Rabbi Judith S. Lewis's edited volume, Thinking Ahead: Toward the Next Generation of Judaism (2001).[40] It has since appeared on a number of internet sites. In response to the proposed platform in Reform Judaism in 1998 Sussman joined a group of other rabbis in founding the Association for Progressive Judaism.[41] From 2013 to the end of 2018 he served as the national president of that organization.

The Seltzer/Sussman "Statement" asserted that "Judaism has always been capable of adapting to unforeseeable situations while preserving its core of symbols and ideals." Grounded in Jewish history, the two Rabbis (who are also historians) argued that Judaism's "record of this adaptability and enduring faith" needed to be continued into the 21st Century. They declared:

"We affirm that Judaism offers a spiritual grounding in a cosmic order that evokes in us awe and mystery. We insist that morality is central to Judaism and this cosmic order confers ethical responsibilities on us as beings with the capacity to choose between good and evil. We are convinced that modern historical and scientific knowledge has far-reaching implications for our understanding of the universe, the evolution of religion, and the development of Judaism – and that this knowledge calls on us to reexamine our presuppositions in every generation."

They emphasized the importance of Reform Judaism in "affirming the exemplary power of morally courageous deeds, the sanctity of life, and the possibility of personal transcendence through the apprehension of spiritual beauty." They further argued that modern Judaism should be understood as "compatible with reason, historical knowledge, scientific thought, and democratic values."

The "Statement" concluded by reaffirming the "uniqueness of the Jewish people" and their "central role in the spiritual history of humanity." Seltzer and Sussman urged Reform Jewish leaders to "recommit" the movement to the "highest moral and religious values" and "to the ideals of truthfulness, justice, compassion, and universal peace as envisioned by the prophets – humanity’s best hope in the new age it has entered."

Despite Sussman's criticism of the CCAR platform, his Rabbinic colleagues made him the chair of the CCAR Press.[42] In that capacity he also led a special taskforce to oversee the final production of Mishkan T’Filah: A Reform Siddur (2007), the new prayer book of the Reform Movement.[43]

Academic and popular writing

Throughout his career Sussman has been an active scholar, writer, and public speaker. His revised doctoral dissertation, Isaac Leeser and the Making of American Judaism (1995), is the only modern biography of one of the most important American Jewish leaders in the antebellum and civil war eras. Writing in American Jewish History,[44] the major professional specialty journal for this subject, a reviewer noted: "This outstanding, full-length monograph by Lance Sussman is by far the most comprehensive work to date and is likely to remain the definitive work on Leeser for many years to come."[45] This scholar noted that Sussman's book was "well-researched, utilizing archival sources that hitherto were not consulted, this book is rich with discussion and analysis and includes several episodes not previously brought to light."[46] Similarly, a reviewer in The Journal of American History noted "The author's account of Leeser's life fills an important hiatus in American Jewish historiography. His use of primary sources is extensive. The author's very readable text of biography and religious history will please both academician and layman alike."[47] A major tool for librarians, OCLC World Cat, concluded serious libraries should buy the book because "The author provides remarkable insight into the early development of organized Jewish life in the United States" in "a comprehensive work about a long-neglected but central figure" of the nineteenth century American Jewish community.[48] Another historian described the book as a "major contribution" and "the most comprehensive study of one of the most important Jewish leaders in pre-Civil War America."[49] Indeed, Isaac Leeser and Sussman's other books have received favorable reviews in major academic journals and on-line resources that cover both U.S. history in general and also Judaic Studies.[50]

In addition to his academic scholarship (see publications list below) Sussman is an active public intellectual. He has given talks throughout the United States as well as overseas. He writes for newspapers and online publications as well. For example, in January 2013 Sussman wrote "Spielberg's Lincoln and the Jews: An Untold Story" for the online publication Jewish Ideas Daily[51] This article was then reprinted in number of Jewish newspapers around the country including The Crescent City Jewish News in New Orleans,[52] the New Jersey Jewish News,[53] and JewishJournal.com.[54]

Public service

Interfaith work

In the early 1990s Sussman worked with the Community Hunger Outreach Warehouse (CHOW)[55] to collect and distribute food in Binghamton NY. CHOW worked with a number of religious organizations to fight hunger in the community. One site of distribution was Temple Concord where Sussman was the rabbi. In 2002, shortly after he arrived in the Philadelphia area, he was the founding president of the Cheltenham Area Multifaith Council (CAMC).[56] Participants included Christians, Muslims, Buddhists, and Jews. After the attack on the World Trade Center (9-11) in 2001 he worked with the Foundation for Ethnic Understanding[57] to promote Jewish-Muslim dialog. With the FFEU he participated in programming at the United States House of Representatives and at the United Nations on promoting Muslim-Jewish understanding. Sussman's picture appeared in an FFUE's full page ad in the New York Times.[58] (April 13, 2008) https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/13/nyregion/13bias.html. In the Philadelphia area he worked with the Peace Islands Institute to foster Muslim-Jewish dialog. He has also worked with the Thanks-Giving Square Foundation,[59] a Dallas, Texas-based UN NGO that promotes global interfaith understanding through the practice of giving thanks. On March 1, 2001 Sussman gave the opening prayer for a session of the United States House of Representatives.[60] In the wake of the earthquake in Haiti in 2010, Sussman helped run a fund raising effort at KI in cooperation with local Haitian organizations.[61]

Social activism

Sussman has made trips to the Soviet Union (1987)[62] and Cuba (January 5–13, 2009) to show solidarity with Jews under totalitarian regimes and to help collect information about Jewish communities in these countries. From 2003 to 2006 Sussman worked with the German government to bring three groups of high school students from Frankfort to stay at homes of Jewish families affiliated with KI and similarly sent three groups of Jewish high school students from KI to Germany. From 2015 until January 2019, Sussman served as a Trustee of the American Board of IsraAID(founded in 2001),[63] an Israeli-based not-for-profit humanitarian aid organization that has been engaged in emergency medical and rescue efforts after disasters such as the earthquake in Haiti, tsunamis in Sri Lanka and Japan, and Syrian refugees in Jordan.

Pulpit innovations

Sussman has been highly innovative in his pulpit work combining art and high technology both for services and adult education. After studying the history of Jewish Art and publishing a number of historical articles, he began working with his Cantor at Keneseth Israel, to develop "Visual T'fillot (prayer), in which entire services including the Hebrew-English liturgy, transliteration, original art and video were combined. Keneseth Israel remodeled its 1,000-seat sanctuary to accommodate the new technological needs, a project requiring nearly one million dollars to complete. Sussman also developed a similar approach to Adult Education in the sanctuary by collaborating with a local digital artist, Joan Myerson Shrager.[64] Together, they produced 90 lectures on Jewish Art and history between 2010 and 2015. For the synagogue's Preschool, Sussman created the (Avenue Q-size) KI Puppets. Sussman commissioned Philadelphia based theater set designer, Glen Lash, to produce the puppets and a New York City commercial songwriter, Paul Suchow, to compose the puppet songs.

Publications

Selected books

Selected articles and book chapters

Media

Video documentaries

Other media

References

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Keneseth Israel Home Page. Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel. 12 April 2015.
  2. Book: Sussman. Lance J.. Isaac Leeser and the Making of American Judaism. 1995. Wayne State University Press. Detroit, Michigan. 0-8143-1996-3.
  3. Book: Sussman. Lance J.. Sharing Sacred Moments. 1999. Keshet Press. Binghamton, New York. 1-892006-03-0.
  4. Book: Sussman. Lance J.. Reform Judaism in American: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook. 1993. Greenwood Press. Westport, Connecticut. 0-313-24628-9.
  5. Book: Sussman. Lance J.. New Essays in American Jewish History. 2009. KTAV Publishing House. Jersey City, New Jersey. 978-1-60280-148-6.
  6. Web site: Kelly. Jacques. Charles Sussman, Baltimore County school administrator, dies. The Baltimore Sun. 12 April 2015.
  7. Web site: Pikesville Senior High School - 1972. Pikesville Senior High School Class of 1972. Class Creator. 12 April 2015.
  8. Web site: Franklin and Marshall College. Franklin & Marshall - Home Page. websters@fandm.edu. 12 April 2015.
  9. Web site: The Phi Beta Kappa Society. PBK_Home. 12 April 2015.
  10. Web site: Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Home Page. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. comrax. 12 April 2015.
  11. Web site: HUC-Home Page. Hebrew Union College%7cJewish Institute of Religion. Free Range/webmaster@huc.edu. 12 April 2015.
  12. Web site: Ordination, June 7, 1980. americanjewisharchives.org/. 20 May 2015.
  13. Web site: Ordination and graduation.. americanjewisharchives.org/. 20 May 2015.
  14. Web site: Beth Boruk Temple-Home Page. Beth Boruk Temple in Richmond, Indiana. 12 April 2015.
  15. Book: Sussman. Lance J.. The Emergence of a Jewish Community in Richmond, Indiana. 1981. Indiana Jewish Historical Society, Inc.. Fort Wayne, Indiana. Digitized Dec 14, 2010. 12 April 2015.
  16. Web site: Sarna. Jonathan. Jacob Rader Marcus (1896-1995). American Jewish Archives. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives. 12 April 2015.
  17. Web site: Jonathan D. Sarna. Brandeis University . 12 April 2015.
  18. Web site: Binghamton University-Home Page. Binghamton University. Binghamton University, State University of New York. 12 April 2015.
  19. Web site: Hillel at Binghamton. Hillel Binghamton University. Hillel at Binghamton. 12 April 2015.
  20. Web site: Aigen. Mike. A History of Temple Beth El. Beth El, Endicott. geocities. 12 April 2015.
  21. Web site: Temple Concord-Home Page. Temple Concord The Reform Synagogue of Binghamton. www.wholemegillah.com. 12 April 2015.
  22. Web site: Birthright Israel-Home Page . Taglit-Birthright Israel:10 . Mantis/Guardian . 12 April 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150403043459/http://www.birthrightisrael.com/Pages/Default.aspx . 3 April 2015 .
  23. Book: Sussman. Lance J.. Beyond the Catskills. 1989. Southern Tier Jewish History Project. Binghamton, New York. ASIN: B0006ES4Z8.
  24. Web site: Luther. Roger. And Then There Was One .... Treasures of the Tier. Binghamton Press & Sun-Bulletin Newspaper. 13 April 2015.
  25. Web site: Our History. Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel. www.jvillagenetwork.com. 13 April 2015.
  26. Web site: David Einhorn. Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 13 April 2015.
  27. Web site: Josesph Krauskopf. Delaware Valley College Archives. Delaware Valley College. 13 April 2015.
  28. Web site: A Finding Aid to the Bertram W. Korn Papers. 1938–1979.. American Jewish Archives. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives. 13 April 2015.
  29. Book: Korn. Bertram Wallace. American Jewry and the Civil War. 1951. The Jewish Publication Society. Philadelphia, PA. 978-0-8276-0738-5. Jan 12, 2009.
  30. News: Gotlieb . Andy . Community Briefs: KI Rabbi Honored With Rabbinic Chair and More . 1 July 2019 . Jewish Exponent . Jewish Exponent . 14 March 2019.
  31. Web site: DELVAL TRUSTEE SUSSMAN LECTURES ON FOUNDER KRAUSKOPF. Delaware Valley University. 13 April 2015.
  32. Web site: Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies. Penn Arts and Sciences. Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. 13 April 2015.
  33. Web site: Officers & Trustees. American Jewish Historical Society. 13 April 2015.
  34. Web site: Gratz Faculty. Gratz College. 13 April 2015.
  35. Web site: Board of Governors. gratz.edu/. Gratz College . 20 May 2015.
  36. Web site: Events-Sussman. NMAJH. National Museum of American Jewish History. 13 April 2015.
  37. Web site: Search-CCAR. Central Conference of American Rabbis. webSupport@ccarnet.org. 13 April 2015.
  38. Web site: Home-CCAR. Central Conference of American Rabbis. CCAR webSupport@ccarnet.org. 13 April 2015.
  39. Web site: Sussman, Lance. Seltzer,Robert. A Statement of Principles for Reform Judaism As it Approaches its Third Century. kenesethisrael.org. 13 April 2015.
  40. Book: Lewis. Judith. Thinking Ahead Toward the Next Generation of Judaism. 2001. Global Academic Publishing. New York, NY. 978-1-892006-07-3.
  41. Web site: A Think Tank and Educational Resource. Association for Progressive Judaism. Make Tech Better, Inc.. 13 April 2015.
  42. Web site: CONTACT INFORMATION. CCAR eCommerce Website. CCAR Press. 13 April 2015.
  43. Book: Mishkan T'Filah: A Reform Siddur. 2007. CCAR. New York, NY. xiv.
  44. Sherman. Moshe. saac Leeser and the Making of American Judaism (review). American Jewish History. 1999. 87. 4. 402–404. 22 May 2015. 10.1353/ajh.1999.0044. 162298186 .
  45. Sherman. Moshe. Isaac Leeser and the Making of American Judaism (review). American Jewish History. 1999. 87. 4. 402–404. 22 May 2015. 10.1353/ajh.1999.0044. 162298186 .
  46. Sherman. Moshe. Isaac Leeser and the Making of American Judaism (review). American Jewish History. 1999. 87. 4. 402–404. Johns Hopkins University. 10.1353/ajh.1999.0044. 162298186 . 21 May 2015.
  47. Berman. Myron. Reviewed Work: Isaac Leeser and the Making of American Judaism. Journal of American History. March 1998. 84. 4. 1508–1509. 2568145. 10.2307/2568145.
  48. Book: Isaac Leeser and the Making of American Judaism . 32469288 .
  49. Sorin. Gerald. J-Stor 129.174.21.5. American Jewish Studies Review. 1997. 22. 1. 139–142.
  50. Web site: Weissbach on Nadell and Sarna and Sussman, 'New Essays in American Jewish History'. February 2011.
  51. Web site: Spielberg's Lincoln and the Jews: An Untold Story. 14 January 2013.
  52. Web site: Spielberg's 'Lincoln' and the Jews: an untold story. 18 January 2013.
  53. Sussman . Lance J. . An untold story . New Jersey Jewish News . 67 . 7 . February 2013 . 26 .
  54. Web site: Spielberg's 'Lincoln' and the Jews: an untold story.
  55. Web site: CHOW - Community Hunger Outreach Warehouse. Broome County Council of Churches. Broome County Council of Churches, Inc. 13 April 2015.
  56. Web site: CAMC - Home Page. Cheltenham Area Multifaith Council. unknown. 13 April 2015.
  57. Web site: FFEU - Home Page. The Foundation for Ethnic Understanding. conEdison. 13 April 2015.
  58. News: Ramirez. Anthony. Backstage With Six Rabbis, Six Imams and No 'Kumbaya'. 13 April 2015. New York Times. April 13, 2008.
  59. Web site: Thanks Giving Square. Thanks Giving Square. Thanks-Giving Foundation. 13 April 2015.
  60. Web site: C-SPAN. ANONYMOUS. Rabbi Lance Sussman, Temple Concord, Binghamton, NY. House Session, March 1, 2001. National Cable Satellite Corporation. 13 April 2015.
  61. Web site: Keneseth Israel. Hope for Haiti Benefit at Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel - Red Cross Speaks. YouTube. 13 April 2015.
  62. News: Doorey. Marty. December 3, 1987. Two Federation Men Spread Hope to Refusniks. 1. The Reporter. Jewish Federation of Broome County. Jewish Federation of Greater Binghamton. 49.
  63. Web site: About - IsraAID. IsraAID. Ironways. 13 April 2015.
  64. Web site: Shrager. Joan. Joan Myerson Shrager's digital art. Joan Myerson Shrager Digital Art. Joan-MyersonShrager.com. 29 August 2015.

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