| Official Name: | Lancaster Township |
| Settlement Type: | Township |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Indiana |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Jefferson |
| Government Type: | Indiana township |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 32.23 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 32.18 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 0.05 |
| Area Water Percent: | 0.16 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 1494 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | auto |
| Elevation M: | 242 |
| Elevation Ft: | 794 |
| Coordinates: | 38.8686°N -85.5078°W |
| Blank Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank Info: | 0453539 |
Lancaster Township is one of ten townships in Jefferson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,494 (down from 1,511 at 2010[1]) and it contained 610 housing units.[2]
Eleutherian College and the Lyman and Asenath Hoyt House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of, of which (or 99.84%) is land and (or 0.16%) is water.[1] The streams of Middle Fork Creek and Turkey Branch run through this township.
The township contains five cemeteries: Bland, Clashman, College Hill, Nelson and Ogden.