Lamium album explained

Lamium album, commonly called white dead-nettle,[1] is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native throughout Europe and Asia, growing in a variety of habitats from open grassland to woodland, generally on moist, fertile soils.

Description

Lamium album is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant growing to NaNcm (-2,147,483,648inches) tall, with green, four-angled stems. The leaves are NaNcm (-2,147,483,648inches) long and NaNcm (-2,147,483,648inches) broad, triangular with a rounded base, softly hairy, and with a serrated margin and a petiole up to 5cm (02inches) long; like many other members of the Lamiaceae, they appear superficially similar to those of the stinging nettle Urtica dioica but do not sting, hence the common name "dead-nettle". The flowers are white, produced in whorls ('verticillasters') on the upper part of the stem, the individual flowers NaNcm (-2,147,483,648inches) long. The flowers are visited by many types of insects, but mostly by long-tongued insects, like bees.[2]

Distribution

L. album is native to Eurasia, from Ireland in the west to Japan in the east. It has three subspecies, subsp. album in the western part of the range, subsp. crinitum in the southern part in southwest Asia (Turkey to Nepal), and subsp. barbatum in the far east of mainland Asia and in Japan.[3] [4] It is common in England, rare in the west and northern Scotland, and introduced to eastern Ireland.[5]

L. album was introduced to North America, where it is widely naturalised.

Cultivation and uses

The leaves are edible, and can be used in salads or cooked as a vegetable.

Insects, especially bumblebees are attracted to the flowers which are a good source of early nectar and pollen, hence the plant is sometimes called the bee nettle.[6] [7]

Habitat

In the British Isles L. album is abundant, found on roadsides, around hedges, and in abandoned places.[1] [8] [9]

Chemistry

Various polyphenolic glycosides such as Lamalboside and Verbascoside, Tiliroside and 5-caffeoylquinic acid along with Rutoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside can be isolated from the flowers of L. album.[10] The plant also contains the iridoid glycosides lamalbid, alboside A and B, and caryoptoside[11] as well as the hemiterpene glucoside hemialboside.[12]

L.album was a source of chlorophyll and other plant pigments for Mikhail Tsvet, the inventor of adsorption chromatography.[13]

In folklore

A distillation of the flowers is reputed "to make the heart merry, to make a good colour in the face, and to make the vital spirits more fresh and lively."[14]

Notes

  1. Web site: White Dead-nettle Lamium album L. . BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020 . P.A. Stroh . T. A. Humphrey . R.J. Burkmar . O.L. Pescott . D.B. Roy . K.J. Walker . Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland . 2020 . 20 July 2024 .
  2. 10.1111/plb.12328. Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers. Plant Biology. 18. 56–62. 2015. Van Der Kooi . C. J.. Pen . I.. Staal . M.. Stavenga . D. G.. Elzenga . J. T. M.. 1. 25754608.
  3. POWO . Plants of the World Online . 448792-1 . Lamium album L. . 20 July 2024 .
  4. Web site: Den Virtuella Floran: Lamium album L.. A. . Anderberg . Museum of Natural History, Stockholm . 19 May 2016.
  5. Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press.
  6. http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/n/nettle03.html botanical.com - A Modern Herbal | Nettles
  7. Web site: White dead-nettle | the Wildlife Trusts.
  8. Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. p.360 Cork University Press.
  9. Hackney, P. (Ed) 1992. Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen's University of Belfast.
  10. Phenylpropanoid esters from Lamium album flowers. Jaromir Budzianowski and Lutoslawa Skrzypczak, Phytochemistry, March 1995, Volume 38, Issue 4, Pages 997–1001,
  11. Iridoid glucosides from Lamium album. Søren Damtoft, Phytochemistry, January 1992, Volume 31, Issue 1, Pages 175–178,
  12. Hemialboside, a hemiterpene glucoside from Lamium album. Søren Damtoft and Søren Rosendal Jensen, Phytochemistry, July 1995, Volume 39, Issue 4, Pages 923–924,
  13. Source book in chemistry 1900-1950, edited by Henry Leicester, p.23.
  14. Book: A Modern Herbal. Botanical.com. NETTLE, WHITE DEAD. Mrs M. Grieve. 1931.

External links