Lalla Aicha, regent of Touggourt explained

Lalla Aicha للا عائشة
Succession:	Regent of the Touggourt State
Reign:	1833–1846
Reign-Type:	Regency
Spouse:	Sultan of Touggourt
Issue:	Abd ar-Rahman
Issue-Type:	Children
Full Name:	Lalla Aicha
House:	Ben-Gana
Death Place:	Touggourt
Religion:	Islam

Lalla Aicha (Arabic: للا عائشة) (known as Aichouche) (Arabic: عيشوش) was regent of Touggourt during the minority of her son Abd ar-Rahman from 1833–1846.^{[1] [2]} She was from the Ben-Gana family,^[3] which was granted the title ‘cheikh el-Arab’ by the French.^{[4] [5] [6]}

Life

Some sources claim she married Amer, Sultan of Touggourt (1822–1830),^[7] while others state she was the wife of Ibrahim III, Sultan of Touggourt (r. 1830–1831).^[8] Lalla Aicha was the mother of Sultan Abd ar-Rahman (r. 1840–1852).

Aicha's husband Sultan Ibrahim was murdered by his brother Ali, who usurped power in 1831. Consequently, Aicha and a faction of courtiers rebelled against her brother-in-law Sultan Ali (Sulayman's father) and maintained power by killing other potential rivals, including Sulayman's infant son.^[9]

Aicha ordered Ali poisoned which occurred, before taking power in the name of her son Abd er-Rahman, then aged eight. Assuming the title khalifa^[10] (viceroy) she took over the direction of government, managing state affairs with great ability. Accounts say that she rode a horse, wore pistols on her belt and even smoked tekrouri (hemp). She governed the state on her own until her son was old enough to take over.

According to an 1854 account by Sulayman IV, last of the Beni Djellab sultans, the period of Lalla Aicha's rule was characterised by extreme violence within the ruling family, although this was not entirely unusual.^[9]

Notes and References

1. Book: Willy Jansen. Women Without Men: Gender and Marginality in an Algerian Town. 1987. Brill Archive. 90-04-08345-6. 83.
2. Web site: Cahoon . Ben . Algeria . worldstatesmen.org . 27 February 2020.
3. Web site: تاريخ دولة بني جلاب فرنسي . touggourt.org . جوهــــــرة الواحات تقــــرت . 27 February 2020.
4. Book: Benjamin C Brower. A Desert Named Peace: The Violence of France's Empire in the Algerian Sahara, 1844-1902. 2009-07-07. Columbia University Press. 978-0-231-51937-3. 259.
5. Book: Algeria: Tableau de la situation des établissements français dans l'Algérie en 1837-54. Journal des opérations de l'artillerie pendant l'expedition de Constantine, Oct. 1837. Tableau de la situation des établissements français dans l'Algérie précédé de l'exposé des motifs et du projet de loi, portant demande de crédits extraordinaires au titre de l'exercice. 1841. 4.
6. Kielstra . Nico . The decline of tribal organization in the Souf (S.E. Algeria) . Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée . 1987 . 45 . 11–24 . 29 February 2020.
7. Web site: سلاطيــــــــــــــن تقرت "فرنسي" (citing Magali-Boisnard, Sultans de Touggourt Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1933 . touggourt.org . جوهــــــرة الواحات تقــــرت . 29 February 2020.
8. Book: la societe archeologique de la province de constantine. Recueil des Notices et Memoires de la societe archeologique de la province de constantine – Touggurt, 2e VOLUME DE LA DEUXIÈME SÉRIE. 1868. Paris, CHALLAMEL, aîné, Éditeur. 30, rue des BouIangers. 196–197. fr. ... Ali died poisoned in turn by order of Lalla Aichouch, widow of Ibrahim and mother of Sidi-Abd-er-Rahman-bou-Lifa..
9. Book: René Pottier. Histoire du Sahara. 1947. Nouvelles Editions Latines. 978-2-7233-0859-5. 97–.
10. Book: Algeria: Moniteur algerién. Journal officiel de la colonie. nr. 532-880 (5 avril 1843-10 fevr. 1848) 2 v. 1843. 703.