Lal Sena Explained

Unit Name:Lal Sena
Native Name:लाल सेना
Dates:1974–1976[1] Traces of activity till 1990s[2]
Allegiance:CPI(ML) Liberation
Type:Armed Guerilla Squad
Role:Land Seizure from the landlords, Guerilla warfare

Lal Sena (1974–1990,[1] [3], English: Red Army) was an organised armed militia of CPIML Liberation in northeastern India, across the terrains of central Bihar, north-west of today's Jharkhand, and a few districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh. It was formed mainly by lower caste (middle and lower class) peasantry and landless labourers.

Background

In 1960s, when the Naxalite movement[4] started under the leadership of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist),[5] the poor peasantry and agricultural labourers who belonged mainly to the lower castes started taking side with the communists in central Bihar across the districts of Bhojpur, Gaya, Nalanda, Patna and Aurangabad. Several violent armed clashes occurred between the landlords and poor/landless peasantry. In 1970s, CPI (ML) faced hard offence from central and state governments throughout India and splintered into several ML factions. In 1974, one of the ML factions was able to hold on to the grounds and reorganised itself into the CPI(ML) Liberation political party.[6] Meanwhile, the landlords/landowners most of whom economically were from upper class peasantry (mainly upper caste) organised themselves based on caste lines into several landlord gentries. In retaliation Lal Sena guerrilla armed squads, were organised by then underground CPI (ML) Liberation.[7] [8] [9]

After 2005

Since the late 2000s, Lal Sena's squad activity has been curtailed. The CPI (ML) Liberation party's movements took a militant but democratic approach through legalised workers, peasants, students, youth and women organisations, as noted by Dr. Sanjay K. Jha:[10]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Private caste armies in Bihar, South Asia Terrorism Portal. www.satp.org. 2016-12-13. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170313145712/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/Private_armies.htm. 2017-03-13.
  2. News: The Dalits Still untouchable. 2016-12-15. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010305/https://in.news.yahoo.com/dalits-still-untouchable-220208450.html. 2016-12-21.
  3. E.N. . Rammohan . The Naxalite Maoist Insurgency . Studies in International Strategic Issues . 2012–2013 . XIV. III & Vol. XV No. I . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180512122535/http://www.academia.edu/4734687/The_Naxalite_Maoist_Insurgency_THE_NAXALITE_MAOIST_INSURGENCY . 2018-05-12 .
  4. News: Naxalite Maoist Insurgency In India History Essay. UKEssays. en-GB. 2016-12-12. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220235348/https://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/naxalite-maoist-insurgency-in-india-history-essay.php. 2016-12-20.
  5. Web site: Naxalbari: The Beginning – Indian Express. archive.indianexpress.com. 2016-12-12. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170430015829/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/naxalbari-the-beginning/482324/3. 2017-04-30.
  6. News: History of Naxalism. 2003-05-09. Hindustan Times. 2016-12-12. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161229010504/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/history-of-naxalism/story-4f1rZukARGYn3qHOqDMEbM.html. 2016-12-29.
  7. Web site: Private caste armies in Bihar, South Asia Terrorism Portal. www.satp.org. 2016-12-10. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170313145712/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/Private_armies.htm. 2017-03-13.
  8. Web site: Chronology of Massacres in Central Bihar (1977–2001), South Asia Terrorism Portal. www.satp.org. 2016-12-10. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170409002114/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/massacres.htm. 2017-04-09.
  9. Web site: Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation Major AchievementsCommunist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation. cpiml.org. 2016-12-15. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161220201620/http://cpiml.org/report-from-the-flaming-fields-of-bihar/part-iii/major-achievements?id=7366. 2016-12-20.
  10. Web site: Naxalite Movement in Bihar and Jharkhandtc. asthabharati.org. 2016-12-13. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161211052723/http://www.asthabharati.org/Dia_Apr05/Sanj.htm. 2016-12-11.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Lal Sena".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.