| Zorkul | |||
| Location: | Pamir Mountains, Hindu Kush | ||
| Coords: | 37.45°N 115°W | ||
| Outflow: | Pamir River | ||
| Basin Countries: | Afghanistan and Tajikistan | ||
| Area: | 38.9km2 | ||
| Pushpin Map: | Tajikistan#Afghanistan#Pamir | ||
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom | ||
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Location of Zorkul on the border of Afghanistan and Tajikistan. | ||
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Zorkul (زارکول; Pushto; Pashto: زارکول; Tajik: Зоркӯл|Zārkul) is a lake in the Pamir Mountains that runs along the border between the Wakhan District in Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan and the Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous region of Tajikistan. It is part of both the Wakhan National Park of Afghanistan and the Tajik National Park.
Lake Zorkul extends east to west for about . The Afghanistan–Tajikistan border runs along the lake from east to west, turning south towards Concord Peak, about south of the lake. The lake's northern part lies in Gorno-Badakhshan where it is protected as part of the Zorkul Nature Reserve. Out of the lake, towards the west, flows the Pamir River, tracing the Afghan–Tajik border. It is therefore a source of the Amu Darya (Amu River). The Great Pamir extends to the south of the lake.[1] [2]
The lake is on the path of the Silk Road. It was referred to as "Great Dragon Pool" in Chinese historical records.[3]
The territory was conquered by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1750 and became part of the Durrani Empire. The lake and river were established in 1895 as the new frontier between the Russian Empire and the Emirate of Afghanistan. A general treaty of friendship was signed between the two powers, agreeing that the lake area would be a nature reserve, and that neither empires will post national or international military forces within a certain distance of the frontier, nor establish settled communities in the area.[4]
Although there is a probable reference to the lake in Marco Polo's account,[5] the first European known to have visited the lake was the British naval officer John Wood in 1838.[6] Sir-i-kol became known to the British as Lake Victoria, after the British queen, although Wood declined to name it so.[7] It was also known as "Lake Victoria in the Pamirs" to distinguish it from the much larger Lake Victoria in Africa.[8] [9]