Lake Suwa Explained

Lake Suwa
Pushpin Map:Japan
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Japan
Location:Nagano prefecture
Coords:36.0483°N 138.0842°W
Inflow:31 small rivers of the Kiso Mountains
Outflow:Tenryū River
Basin Countries:Japan
Area:13.3km2
Depth:4.7m (15.4feet)
Max-Depth:7.2m (23.6feet)
Shore:15.9km (09.9miles)
Elevation:759m (2,490feet)
Cities:Okaya, Suwa, Shimosuwa

is a lake in the Kiso Mountains, in the central region of Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

Geography

The lake is the source of the Tenryū River. It ranks 24th in lake water surface area in Japan. The cities of Suwa and Okaya and the town of Shimosuwa are located on the shores of Lake Suwa.

Omiwatari

Lake Suwa is the site of a natural phenomenon known as the, large cracks that form in the winter across the surface of the frozen lake. A vertical temperature gradient results in ice pressure ridges forming in the surface ice, reaching heights of 30cm (10inches) or more.[1]

Local Shinto tradition holds that the ridges are formed by the gods crossing the lake when traveling between the various buildings of the Suwa Grand Shrine. Folklore says it is the guardian god of Suwa, Takeminakata-no-kami, leaving his sanctuary to meet with his wife, the goddess Yasakatome, joining the opposite bank by walking on frozen water.[2] The record of this crossing is the oldest-known human-observed climate record. This record has been used by scientists to study the impact of sunspots, human development and anthropogenic CO2 emissions on lake ice formation.[3]

The lake has a natural hot spring under its surface. Recreational development in the 1950s resulted in increased output from this underwater geyser. Since 1945, complete ice cover is considered to be achieved when the entire surface is frozen except for the opening in the ice for the geyser.[4]

As a shallow lake, Lake Suwa is highly sensitive to climatic variation. Recent studies have shown that Suwa's ice-free years correlate to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. Research on ice breakup at Suwa and at the mouth of the Torne River in Finland suggest that climate change is driving the changes in seasonal ice cover.[5] As a result, it is expected that Lake Suwa will remain ice-free for almost the entirety of the 21st century's winters.[6]

Cultural history

Lake Suwa hosts two major shrines, the Tenaga Jinja and the Suwa Jinja. Major festivals include the Onbashira and Setsubun.

Hokusai included Lake Suwa in his famous Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fugaku sanjūrokkei) series of woodblock prints.[7]

Epson, a global technology company, was founded and is headquartered in Suwa.

Water sports

In 2020, in advance of the scheduled Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics, a new rowing boathouse and training facility was established in Shimosuwa.[8]

In popular culture

In the movie Kagemusha by Akira Kurosawa, the corpse of Lord Shingen is dropped into the lake. This film dramatizes the events leading up to the 1575 Battle of Nagashino.

Sayo Masuda, author of Autobiography of a Geisha, was sold by her family to an okiya (geisha house) in Suwa at the age of 12. She tries to drown herself in the lake, but hesitates because she believes a dragon (possibly related to the omiwatari) inhabits it.[9]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Arakawa . H. . Fujiwhara on five centuries of freezing dates of Lake Suwa in the Central Japan . Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie B . 1 June 1954 . 6 . 1 . 152–166 . 10.1007/BF02246747 . 1954AMGBB...6..152A . 25 October 2020.
  2. Web site: Takahiro . Nogami . Encyclopedia of Shinto - Home : Shrines and Cultic Practices : Suwa Shinkō . eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp . 25 October 2020.
  3. Sharma . Sapna . Magnuson . John J. . Batt . Ryan D. . Winslow . Luke A. . Korhonen . Johanna . Aono . Yasuyuki . Direct observations of ice seasonality reveal changes in climate over the past 320–570 years . Scientific Reports . April 2016 . 6 . 1 . 25061 . 10.1038/srep25061 . 27113125 . 4844970 . 2016NatSR...625061S . 25 October 2020. free .
  4. Tanaka . Minoru . Yoshino . Masatoshi M. . Re-Examination of the Climatic Change in Central Japan Based on Freezing Dates of Lake Suwa . Weather . 1982 . 37 . 9 . 252–259 . 10.1002/j.1477-8696.1982.tb03626.x . 1982Wthr...37..252T . 25 October 2020.
  5. News: Bell. Jillian. Industrial Revolution strongly tied to earlier thaws, later freezes: study. CBC News. 2016-04-27. 2016-05-07.
  6. Filazzola . Alessandro . Blagrave . Kevin . Imrit . Mohammad Arshad . Sharma . Sapna . Climate Change Drives Increases in Extreme Events for Lake Ice in the Northern Hemisphere . Geophysical Research Letters . 28 September 2020 . 47 . 18 . 10.1029/2020GL089608 . 2020GeoRL..4789608F . free .
  7. Web site: Lake Suwa in Shinano Province (Shinshū Suwako), from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fugaku sanjūrokkei) ca. 1830–32 . www.metmuseum.org . 25 October 2020.
  8. Web site: Shimosuwa Training Camp Guide . Shimosuwa Aqua Park . Shimosuwa Town . 1 July 2024.
  9. Book: Masuda . Sayo . Autobiography of a Geisha . 2005 . New York . 0-231-12951-3.