Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933–1944 explained

Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933–1944
Type:Box Set
Artist:Billie Holiday
Cover:Ladydaycolumbia19331944.jpg
Released:October 2, 2001
Recorded:November 1933 to
January 1944
Genre:Jazz
Length:11:21:57
Label:Legacy Recordings
Producer:Michael Brooks
Michael Cuscuna
Prev Year:2001
Next Title:A Musical Romance
Next Year:2002

Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933–1944 is a 10-CD box set compiling the complete known studio master recordings, plus alternate takes, of Billie Holiday during the time period indicated, released in 2001 on Columbia/Legacy, CXK 85470.[1] Designed like an album of 78s, the medium in which these recordings initially appeared, the 10.5" × 12" box includes 230 tracks, a 116-page booklet with extensive photos, a song list, discography, essays by Michael Brooks, Gary Giddins, and Farah Jasmine Griffin, and an insert of appreciations for Holiday from a diversity of figures including Tony Bennett, Elvis Costello, Marianne Faithfull, B.B. King, Abbey Lincoln, Jill Scott, and Lucinda Williams. At the 44th Grammy Awards on February 27, 2002, the box set won the Grammy Award for Best Historical Album of the previous year.

History

These recordings were made in a time before the LP album, introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. Recorded music had arrived a few decades earlier in the form of a 10-inch gramophone record playing at 78 revolutions per minute, two songs of around three-and-a-half minute duration per side. During the Great Depression, record sales for domestic use dramatically decrease, but a viable market remained for the playing of records in jukeboxes. Initially, these records featuring Billie Holiday were made with that market in mind.

John Hammond, who had discovered Holiday singing in a Harlem jazz club in 1933, arranged for her first recording session that same year on November 27. In the company of Jack Teagarden, Gene Krupa, and Hammond's future brother-in-law Benny Goodman, the two sides with Holiday would be released under Goodman's name. A little more than 19 months later, Holiday would be in another New York studio for her second session in association with Goodman again, as well as Ben Webster and Cozy Cole, under the leadership of Teddy Wilson. From July 2, 1935, through August 7, 1941, Holiday would regularly record, for commercial issue, 78s credited to herself or to Wilson.

With a few exceptions, these records were originally released on labels other than Columbia which catered to an African American market, then referred to as race records. The labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records became fellow companies to Columbia when it was purchased in 1934 by the American Record Corporation, which had owned Brunswick and Vocalion since late 1931. Records credited to Wilson were released on Brunswick; those to Holiday on Vocalion. With the purchase of ARC in 1939 by CBS, the corporation re-organized its record labels under the aegis of Columbia as the parent company. Starting in 1940, the Holiday releases were issued on the Okeh Records imprint, reactivated by CBS to handle its product for the "race record" market.

Content

Discs one through six, and disc seven tracks one through fourteen present the master takes in chronological recorded order. The remainder of disc seven, and discs eight through ten, present the alternate takes and other items, also in chronological recorded order. The other items consist of eight tracks not part of the general body of Wilson/Holiday recordings from 1935 to 1941. The first, track 15 of disc seven "Saddest Tale" with the Duke Ellington Orchestra, was taken from the soundtrack to the short film Symphony in Black released by Paramount in 1935. Disc eight, tracks three through five, contain airchecks with the Count Basie Orchestra from 1937, the only documentation of Holiday's year-long tenure as Basie's band singer. Disc nine, tracks seven and eight, feature recordings broadcast on the Camel Caravan radio variety program of January 17, 1939; with backing by the Benny Goodman Orchestra, Billie sings alongside Johnny Mercer, Martha Tilton, and Leo Watson on the second song, Mercer's "Jeepers Creepers".

The final two tracks of the set, numbers 22 and 23 of disc ten, are from the Esquire Award Winners Concert at the Metropolitan Opera, broadcast and recorded on V-Discs for distribution to servicemen overseas during World War II. Holiday had won top female jazz vocalist for 1943, and became the first African American woman to sing at the Met. "Do Nothing 'Til You Hear From Me" and "Billie's Blues," under a different title, are performed accompanied by other Esquire poll winners, Roy Eldridge, Barney Bigard, Art Tatum, Al Casey, Oscar Pettiford, and Sidney Catlett. This recording took place more than two years after the final studio session in 1941, and during the Petrillo recording ban; the AFM waived the strike terms for the recording of V-discs.

Original recording sessions took place at the following locations in New York City: at the 55 Fifth Avenue Studio on November 27, 1933; at the 1776 Broadway Studio from 1935 through January 1939; at the 711 Fifth Avenue Studio from March 1939 through June 1940; at Liederkranz Hall on East 58th Street in September and October 1940; and at Columbia Studios in their new headquarters at 799 Seventh Avenue in 1941. The producers for the original recordings included John Hammond and Bernie Hanighen, others are not known.

Significance

In terms of a collected body of work combining both influence and quality of achievement, these recordings are some of the most important in jazz history. Ranking jazz records always presents an exercise in both controversy and consternation, but certainly the Wilson/Holiday sides belong in the company of the Hot Five and Hot Sevens of Louis Armstrong, the collated set by Fletcher Henderson later called A Study In Frustration, the early Basie band on Decca, Duke Ellington's records with Ben Webster and Jimmy Blanton for RCA Victor, the Charlie Parker bebop sides for Savoy and Dial, and the Atlantic LPs by Ornette Coleman, not to mention the expanse of albums by Miles Davis and John Coltrane, together and separately.

The sessions coincide with the rise of the swing era on its way to becoming the popular music of the United States during the late Depression and war years. Chosen by Hammond, Hanighen, Holiday, or Wilson, many of the musicians present were members of the leading swing bands of the day, such as those by Ellington, Basie, Goodman, Artie Shaw, Jimmie Lunceford, and Cab Calloway, among others. Of special note are the records cut with members of the Basie band, Holiday herself hired by Basie in 1937, including his rhythm section of Freddie Green, Walter Page, and Jo Jones, along with key soloists Buck Clayton and Holiday's musical soul-mate, Lester Young. The roster of Holiday and Wilson sidemen reads like a who's who of jazz soloists from the 1930s.

As a singer, Holiday had influence on defining the style of a big band vocalist after that of Bing Crosby and her role model, Louis Armstrong. Her records appeared just as the swing era was getting underway; subsequently, singers such as Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Anita O'Day, and Peggy Lee, for instance, starting out respectively with the bands of Chick Webb, Tommy Dorsey, Gene Krupa, and Benny Goodman, all found inspiration in the Holiday records on Brunswick and Vocalion. Her manipulation of rhythm and length of musical phrases, allied to her ability to find emotional resonance in songs, was acknowledged publicly as a template by singers from her own era, Sinatra, Lee, Bennett, and others, and by myriad singers in later eras. As stated by Gary Giddins in the liner notes to the box set:

"When I first got to know ["A Sailboat in the Moonlight"], I thought it a fine melody with pretty chord changes and words that might be corny but didn't seem to be so bad when Lady Day delivered them. Then I chanced to find the sheet music at a Midwestern bazaar; at home, I picked out the melody with one finger and was astonished at how different it was from what Holiday sang. Until that moment, I had not fully gauged how freely imaginative her embellishments could be. By ironing out a phrase here, retarding another there, raising this note, slurring that, she transformed a hopelessly banal and predictable melody into something personal, real, meaningful."[2]

That Sony would lavish such an expensive box for recordings originally designed for the inexpensive medium of jukebox play from six to seven decades previously stands as testament to the staying power of this body of work.

Select collective personnel

Reissue personnel

Track listing

In the writer(s) column the lyricists are named first.

Disc one

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 12/18/33 Columbia 2856D 1934 2:45
2. 12/18/33 Columbia 2867D 1934 2:31
3. 7/2/35 Brunswick 7501 1935 3:01
4. 7/2/35 Brunswick 7498 1935 2:56
5. 7/2/35 Brunswick 7501 1935 2:58
6. 7/2/35 Brunswick 7498 1935 2:50
7. 7/31/35 Brunswick 7511 1935 2:55
8. 7/31/35 Brunswick 7520 1935 2:57
9. 7/31/35 Brunswick 7511 1935 2:45
10. 10/25/35 Brunswick 7550 1935 3:00
11. 10/25/35 Brunswick 7550 1935 2:42
12. 10/25/35 Brunswick 7554 1935 3:10
13. 10/25/35 Brunswick 7554 1935 3:09
14. 12/3/35 Brunswick 7577 1936 3:12
15. 12/3/35 Brunswick 7581 1935 You Let Me Down 2:52
16. 12/3/35 Brunswick 7581 1935 2:53
17. 1/30/36 Brunswick 7612 1936 3:02
18. 6/30/36 Brunswick 7702 1936 3:20
19. 6/30/36 Brunswick 7699 1936 3:17
20. 6/30/36 Brunswick 7729 1936 3:10
21. 6/30/36 Brunswick 7702 1936 Guess Who 3:08
22. 7/10/36 Vocalion 3276 1936 2:49
23. 7/10/36 Vocalion 3276 1936 2:35
24. 7/10/36 Vocalion 3288 1936 2:53
25. 7/10/36 Vocalion 3288 1936 2:38

Disc two

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 9/29/36 Vocalion 3333 1936 2:51
2. 9/29/36 Vocalion 3333 1936 3:03
3. 9/29/36 Vocalion 3334 1936 2:47
4. 9/29/36 Vocalion 3334 1936 2:59
5. 10/21/36 Brunswick 7762 1936 3:10
6. 10/21/36 Brunswick 7768 1936 3:16
7. 10/21/36 Brunswick 7762 1936 3:00
8. 10/21/36 Brunswick 7768 1936 Who Loves You? 3:13
9. 11/19/36 Brunswick 7789 1936 3:15
10. 11/19/36 Brunswick 7789 1936 3:08
11. 11/19/36 Brunswick 7781 1936 3:26
12. 1/12/37 Vocalion 3431 1937 3:02
13. 1/12/37 Vocalion 3431 1937 2:55
14. 1/12/37 Vocalion 3440 1937 3:03
15. 1/12/37 Vocalion 3440 1937 2:16
16. 1/25/37 Brunswick 7824 1937 2:49
17. 1/25/37 Brunswick 7824 1937 3:08
18. 1/25/37 Brunswick 7859 1937 2:50
19. 1/25/37 Brunswick 7859 1937 2:54
20. 2/18/37 Brunswick 7844 1937 2:59
21. 2/18/37 Brunswick 7840 1937 2:58
22. 2/18/37 Brunswick 7844 1937 2:37
23. 2/18/37 Brunswick 7840 1937 3:08

Disc three

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 3/31/37 Brunswick 7867 1937 Nick Kenny, Charles Kenny, Norman Ellis 3:05
2. 3/31/37 Brunswick 7867 1937 2:29
3. 3/31/37 Brunswick 7877 1937 3:03
4. 4/1/37 Vocalion 3543 1937 2:45
5. 4/1/37 Vocalion 3520 1937 2:36
6. 4/1/37 Vocalion 3520 1937 3:02
7. 4/1/37 Vocalion 3543 1937 2:45
8. 5/11/37 Brunswick 7917 1937 3:06
9. 5/11/37 Brunswick 7917 1937 3:15
10. 5/11/37 Brunswick 7903 1937 3:07
11. 5/11/37 Brunswick 7903 1937 3:06
12. 6/1/37 Brunswick 7911 1937 Foolin' Myself 3:00
13. 6/1/37 Brunswick 7911 1937 3:02
14. 6/1/37 Brunswick 7926 1937 3:01
15. 6/15/37 Vocalion 3593 1937 2:35
16. 6/15/37 Vocalion 3605 1937 2:49
17. 6/15/37 Vocalion 3605 1937 2:38
18. 6/15/37 Vocalion 3593 1937 2:51
19. 9/13/37 Vocalion 3701 1937 3:00
20. 9/13/37 Vocalion 3701 1937 2:32
21. 9/13/37 Vocalion 3748 1937 2:12
22. 9/13/37 Vocalion 3748 1937 2:39

Disc four

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 11/1/37 Brunswick 8015 1937 3:07
2. 11/1/37 Brunswick 8015 1937 3:19
3. 11/1/37 Brunswick 8008 1937 3:01
4. 11/1/37 Brunswick 8008 1937 3:14
5. 1/6/38 Brunswick 8053 1938 2:47
6. 1/6/38 Brunswick 8070 1938 2:50
7. 1/6/38 Brunswick 8070 1938 2:49
8. 1/6/38 Brunswick 8053 1938 3:03
9. 1/12/38 Vocalion 3947 1938 2:58
10. 1/12/38 Vocalion 3947 1938 On the Sentimental Side 3:03
11. 1/12/38 Vocalion 4029 1938 2:40
12. 1/12/38 Vocalion 4029 1938 2:23
13. 5/11/38 Vocalion 4126 1938 2:52
14. 5/11/38 Vocalion 4126 1938 2:55
15. 5/11/38 Vocalion 4151 1938 2:24
16. 5/11/38 Vocalion 4151 1938 2:48
17. 6/23/38 Vocalion 4208 1938 2:28
18. 6/23/38 Vocalion 4208 1938 2:48
19. 6/23/38 Vocalion 4238 1938 2:49
20. 6/23/38 Vocalion 4238 1938 2:06
21. 9/15/38 Vocalion 4457 1938 2:45
22. 9/15/38 Vocalion 4457 1938 2:46
23. 9/15/38 Vocalion 4396 1938 2:42
24. 9/15/38 Vocalion 4396 1938 2:21

Disc five

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 10/31/38 Brunswick 8259 1938 Everybody's Laughing 3:00
2. 10/31/38 Brunswick 8259 1938 2:44
3. 10/31/38 Brunswick 8270 1938 2:34
4. 10/31/38 Brunswick 8265 1938 3:06
5. 10/31/38 Brunswick 8265 1938 2:58
6. 10/31/38 Brunswick 8270 1938 They Say 3:10
7. 11/28/38 Brunswick 8283 1938 2:51
8. 11/28/38 Brunswick 8281 1938 2:57
9. 11/28/38 Brunswick 8281 1938 2:43
10. 11/28/38 Brunswick 8283 1938 2:53
11. 1/20/39 Vocalion 4631 1939 2:56
12. 1/20/39 Vocalion 4631 1939 2:43
13. 1/30/39 Brunswick 8314 1939 3:04
14. 1/30/39 Brunswick 8314 1939 2:58
15. 1/30/39 Brunswick 8319 1939 3:05
16. 1/30/39 Brunswick 8319 1939 2:45
17. 3/21/39 Vocalion 4834 1939 2:48
18. 3/21/39 Vocalion 4786 1939 2:55
19. 3/21/39 Vocalion 4786 1939 2:48
20. 3/21/39 Vocalion 4834 1939 2:31
21. 3/21/39 Columbia 37586 1941 3:05

Disc six

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 7/5/39 Vocalion 5021 1939 Some Other Spring 3:01
2. 7/5/39 Vocalion 5129 1939 3:13
3. 7/5/39 Vocalion 5021 1939 2:48
4. 7/5/39 Vocalion 5129 1939 2:54
5. 12/13/39 Vocalion 5377 1940 2:58
6. 12/13/39 Vocalion 5377 1940 3:04
7. 12/13/39 Vocalion 5302 1939 2:58
8. 12/13/39 Vocalion 5302 1939 2:43
9. 2/29/40 Vocalion 5609 1940 2:37
10. 2/29/40 Vocalion 5481 1940 2:57
11. 2/29/40 Vocalion 5481 1940 2:39
12. 2/29/40 Vocalion 5609 1940 2:49
13. 6/7/40 Okeh 5991 1941 3:09
14. 6/7/40 Vocalion 5719 1940 3:07
15. 6/7/40 Vocalion 5719 1940 2:54
16. 6/7/40 Okeh 5991 1941 3:04
17. 9/12/40 Okeh 5831 1940 3:08
18. 9/12/40 Okeh 5831 1940 2:39
19. 9/12/40 Okeh 5806 1940 3:10
20. 9/12/40 Okeh 5806 1940 2:34
21. 10/15/40 Okeh 6064 1941 2:53
22. 10/15/40 Okeh 6064 1941 3:15
23. 3/21/41 Okeh 6134 1941 2:55
24. 3/21/41 Okeh 6134 1941 3:17

Disc seven

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 3/21/41 Okeh 6214 1941 2:15
2. 3/21/41 Okeh 6214 1941 3:01
3. 5/9/41 Okeh 6451 1941 Roy Jacobs[3] 3:08
4. 5/9/41 Okeh 6270 1941 2:58
5. 5/9/41 Columbia 37586 1941 2:50
6. 5/9/41 Okeh 6270 1941 3:13
7. 8/7/41 Okeh 6369 1941 3:08
8. 8/7/41 Columbia 37493 1945 2:55
9. 8/7/41 Okeh 6369 1941 3:20
10. 8/7/41 Okeh 6451 1941 3:11
11. 2/10/42 Harmony 1075 1947 2:59
12. 2/10/42 Columbia CL6163 1950 2:59
13. 2/10/42 Harmony 1075 1947 3:02
14. 2/10/42 Columbia 37493 1945 3:08
15. 3/12/35 Legacy C3K 47724 1991 2:53
16. 7/10/36 previously unreleased No Regrets (Take 2)2:35
17. 10/21/36 previously unreleased The Way You Look Tonight (Take 1) 3:07
18. 10/21/36 previously unreleased Who Loves You? (Take 3) 3:14
19. 11/19/36 previously unreleased Pennies from Heaven (Take 2) 3:13
20. 11/19/36 previously unreleased That's Life I Guess (Take 2) 3:18
21. 4/1/37 previously unreleased They Can't Take That Away from Me (Take 2) 2:54
22. 4/1/37 previously unreleased Don't Know If I'm Comin' or Goin' (Take 2) 2:45
23. 5/11/37 Columbia C3L40 1964 I'll Get By (Take 2) 3:06
24. 5/11/37 Columbia C3L40 1964 Mean to Me (Take 2) 3:05

Disc eight

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 6/15/37 Columbia CL6129 1951 Me, Myself, and I (Take 1) 2:35
2. 6/15/37 Columbia CL6163 1951 Without Your Love (Take 2) 2:52
3. 6/30/37* Columbia C3L21 1964 3:23
4. 6/30/37* Columbia C3L21 1964 1:50
5. 11/3/37* Columbia C3L21 1964 2:45
6. 1/6/38 Columbia C3L40 1964 My First Impression of You (Take 3) 2:50
7. 1/6/38 Columbia 36208 1945 When You're Smiling (Take 4) 3:00
8. 1/6/38 Columbia 36335 1945 I Can't Believe That You're in Love with Me (Alternate take) 2:48
9. 1/6/38 Columbia JG34837 1976 If Dreams Come True (Take 2) 3:03
10. 1/12/38 Columbia C3L40 1964 Now They Call It Swing (Take 1) 3:04
11. 1/12/38 Columbia C3L21 1964 On the Sentimental Side (Take 1) 3:04
12. 1/12/38 Columbia JG34837 1976 Back in Your Own Backyard (Take 2) 3:14
13. 5/11/38 previously unreleased You Go to My Head (Take 2) 2:52
14. 5/11/38 previously unreleased The Moon Looks Down and Laughs (Take 2) 2:54
15. 5/11/38 previously unreleased If I Were You (Take 1) 2:27
16. 5/11/38 previously unreleased Forget If You Can (Take 1) 2:49
17. 6/23/38 Legacy C3K 47724 1991 Having Myself a Time (Take 2) 2:29
18. 6/23/38 Legacy C3K 47724 1991 Says My Heart (Take 2) 2:43
19. 6/23/38 previously unreleased I Wish I Had You (Take 1) 2:59
20. 6/23/38 Columbia C3L40 1964 I'm Gonna Lock My Heart (and Throw Away the Key) (Take 2) 2:06
21. 9/15/38 Columbia JG34837 1976 I Can't Get Started (Take 2) 2:46
22. 9/15/38 Columbia JG34837 1976 I've Got a Date with a Dream (Take 2) 2:41

Disc nine

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 10/31/38 previously unreleased April in My Heart (Take 2) 3:12
2. 10/31/38 Columbia C3L40 1964 They Say (Take 2) 3:03
3. 11/28/38 previously unreleased You're So Desirable (Take 2) 2:53
4. 11/28/38 previously unreleased You're Gonna See a Lot of Me (Take 2) 2:58
5. 11/28/38 previously unreleased Hello, My Darling (Take 2) 2:42
6. 11/28/38 previously unreleased Let's Dream in the Moonlight (Take 1) 2:54
7. 1/17/39* Legacy C3K 47724 1991 2:29
8. 1/17/39* Legacy C3K 47724 1991 3:01
9. 1/20/39 previously unreleased That's All I Ask of You (Alternate take) 2:58
10. 1/30/39 Columbia C3L40 1964 More Than You Know (Take 2) 3:04
11. 3/21/39 previously unreleased You're Too Lovely to Last (Take 2) 3:01
12. 3/21/39 previously unreleased Under a Blue Jungle Moon (Take 2) 3:03
13. 12/13/39 Legacy C3K 47724 1991 Night and Day (Take 2) 3:02
14. 2/29/40 Columbia C3L40 1964 Falling in Love Again (Take 2) 2:46
15. 6/7/40 Columbia C234849 1977 Laughing at Life (Take 2) 2:54
16. 9/12/40 Columbia C3L40 1964 I'm All for You (Take 2) 3:27
17. 9/12/40 Columbia C3L40 1964 I Hear Music (Take 2) 2:39
18. 9/12/40 Columbia C3L40 1964 The Same Old Story (Take 2) 3:10
19. 9/12/40 previously unreleased The Same Old Story (Take 3) 3:09
20. 9/12/40 Epic SN6042 1964 Practice Makes Perfect (Take 2) 2:35
21. 9/12/40 Columbia C3L40 1964 Practice Makes Perfect (Take 3) 2:42
22. 9/12/40 previously unreleased Practice Makes Perfect (Take 4) 2:43

Disc ten

Track Recorded Catalogue Released Song Title Writer(s) Time
1. 10/15/40 previously unreleased St. Louis Blues (Take 2) 2:50
2. 10/15/40 previously unreleased Loveless Love (Take 2) 3:15
3. 3/21/41 Columbia C234849 1977 Let's Do It (Take 2) 2:56
4. 3/21/41 previously unreleased Georgia on My Mind (Take 2) 2:59
5. 3/21/41 previously unreleased Georgia on My Mind (Take 3) 3:05
6. 3/21/41 previously unreleased Romance in the Dark (Take 2) 2:18
7. 3/21/41 previously unreleased Romance in the Dark (Take 3) 2:14
8. 3/21/41 previously unreleased Romance in the Dark (Take 4) 2:26
9. 3/21/41 Columbia C234849 1977 All of Me (Take 2) 2:59
10. 3/21/41 Columbia C234849 1977 All of Me (Take 3) 3:57
11. 5/9/41 Time-Life STL3 1978 God Bless the Child (Take 2) 2:58
12. 5/9/41 Legacy C3K 47724 1991 God Bless the Child (Take 3) 2:32
13. 5/9/41 previously unreleased Am I Blue? (Take 2) 2:45
14. 5/9/41 previously unreleased Am I Blue? (Take 3) 2:45
15. 8/7/41 previously unreleased Jim (Take 2) 3:04
16. 8/7/41 previously unreleased Gloomy Sunday (Take 2) 3:12
17. 8/7/41 previously unreleased Wherever You Are (Take 2) 2:59
18. 8/7/41 previously unreleased Mandy Is Two (Take 2) 2:59
19. 8/7/41 previously unreleased It's a Sin to Tell a Lie (Take 2) 3:08
20. 8/7/41 previously unreleased It's a Sin to Tell a Lie (Take 3) 3:07
21. 8/7/41 Legacy C3K 47724 1991 Until the Real Thing Comes Along (Take 2) 3:18
22. 1/26/44* V-Disc 672 1948 4:58
23. 1/26/44* V-Disc 28 1948 4:05

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Discogs Billie Holiday – Lady Day (The Complete Billie Holiday On Columbia) (1933-1944) . Discogs . 30 July 2021.
  2. Giddins, Gary. Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933–1944. Legacy Records: insert booklet, p. 27
  3. Web site: Billie Holiday - I'm in a Low-Down Groove Mood . Hitparade.ch.