Labour Day Explained

Labour Day is an annual day of celebration of the achievements of workers. It has its origins in the labour union movement, specifically the eight-hour day movement, which advocated eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest.

For most countries, Labour Day is synonymous with, or linked with, International Workers' Day, which occurs on 1 May. For other countries, Labour Day is celebrated on a different date, often one with special significance for the labour movement in that country. Labour Day is a public holiday in many countries.

International Workers' Day

See main article: International Workers' Day.

For most countries, "Labour Day" is synonymous with, or linked with, International Workers' Day, which occurs on 1 May. Some countries vary the actual date of their celebrations so that the holiday occurs on a Monday close to 1 May.

Some countries have a holiday at or around this date, but it is not a 'Labour Day' celebration.

Other dates

Australia

Labour Day in Australia is a public holiday on dates which vary between states and territories. In some states the date commemorates the Eight Hours Day march (see below). It is the first Monday in October in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and South Australia. In Victoria and Tasmania, it is the second Monday in March (though the latter calls it Eight Hours Day). In Western Australia, Labour Day is the first Monday in March. In Queensland and the Northern Territory, Labour Day occurs on the first Monday in May (though the latter calls it May Day).[1] It is on the fourth Monday of March in the territory of Christmas Island.

Victoria

The first march for an eight-hour day by the labour movement occurred in Melbourne on 21 April 1856.[2] On this day, stonemasons and building workers on building sites around Melbourne stopped work and marched from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an eight-hour day. Their direct action protest was a success, and they are noted as being among the first organised workers in the world to achieve an 8-hour day, with no loss of pay.[3]

Queensland

Labour Day was first celebrated with a public holiday in Queensland in 1865 as Eight Hours Celebration Day. It occurred on 1 March (St David’s Day) and celebrated the winning of an eight-hour work day by Brisbane workers in 1858. The date was moved to May Day around 1896, in solidarity with the attack on US workers on the first May Day parade in the Haymarket Affair. In 1901, the holiday was moved to the first Monday in May, to ensure a long weekend.[4]

Bangladesh

Bangladesh Garment Sramik Sanghati, an organisation working for the welfare of garment workers, has requested that 24 April be declared Labour Safety Day in Bangladesh, in memory of the victims of the Rana Plaza building collapse.[5] [6] However, Bangladesh does observe May Day on 1 May.

Bahamas

Labour Day is a national holiday in the Bahamas, celebrated on the first Friday in June in order to create a long weekend for workers.[7] The traditional date of Labour Day in the Bahamas, however, is 7 June, in commemoration of a significant workers' strike that began on that day in 1942. Labour Day is meant to honour and celebrate workers and the importance of their contributions to the nation and society. In the capital city, Nassau, thousands of people come to watch a parade through the streets, which begins at mid-morning. Bands in colourful uniforms, traditional African Junkanoo performers, and members of various labour unions and political parties are all part of the procession, which ends up at the Southern Recreation Grounds, where government officials make speeches for the occasion. For many residents and visitors to the Bahamas, the afternoon of Labour Day is a time to relax at home or perhaps visit the beach.

Canada

See main article: Labour Day (Canada). Labour Day (French: Fête du Travail) has been marked as a statutory public holiday in Canada on the first Monday in September since 1894. Its origins can be traced back to numerous local demonstrations and celebrations in earlier decades.[8] Such events assumed political significance when a labour demonstration in Toronto in April 1872, in support of striking printers, led directly to the enactment of the Trade Union Act, a law that confirmed the legality of unions. On 22 July 1882, a labour celebration in Toronto attracted the attention of American labour leader Peter J. McGuire, who organised a similar parade in New York City on 5 September that year. Unions associated with the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor in both Canada and the United States subsequently promoted parades and festivals on the first Monday in September. In Canada, local celebrations took place in Hamilton, Oshawa, Montreal, St. Catharines, Halifax, Ottawa, Vancouver and London during these years. Montreal declared a civic holiday in 1889. In Nova Scotia, coal miners had been holding picnics and parades since 1880 to celebrate the anniversary of their union, the Provincial Workmen's Association, first organised in 1879. In addition, in 1889, the Royal Commission on the Relations of Labour and Capital in Canada recommended recognition of an official "labour day" by the federal government. In March and April 1894, unions lobbied Parliament to recognise Labour Day as a public holiday. Legislation was introduced in May by Prime Minister Sir John Thompson and received royal assent in July 1894.[9]

China

1 May is a statutory holiday in the People's Republic of China. It was a three-day holiday until 2008, but was only one day after 2008.[10] However, the actual time off is often longer than the time off in the regulations, and the extra time off is usually supplemented by another two weekends, but since the extra time is not under an official holiday, the extra days must be "made up" by working on the preceding or following weekend.[11] [12] For example, in 2013, 1 May fell on Wednesday. Most workplaces, including all government offices, took 29 April (Monday) to 1 May (Wednesday) as days off. As the first two days were not statutory holidays, they had to be "made up" by working the preceding weekend (27 and 28 April).

Hong Kong S.A.R.

In Hong Kong, 1 May is known as Labour Day and has been considered a public holiday since 1999.[13]

India

The first labour day was celebrated in India on 1 May 1923, in Chennai. The first May Day celebrations were organised by the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan in the year 1923 in Madras. Labour day has been considered a public holiday in India.

Jamaica

Before 1961, 24 May was celebrated in Jamaica as Empire Day in honour of the birthday of Queen Victoria and her emancipation of slaves in Jamaica.[14] As its name suggests, the day was used to celebrate the British Empire, complete with flag-raising ceremonies and the singing of patriotic songs. In 1961, Jamaican Chief Minister Norman Washington Manley proposed the replacement of Empire Day with Labour Day, a celebration in commemoration of 23 May 1938, when Alexander Bustamante led a labour rebellion leading to Jamaican independence.

In 1972, Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley promoted Labour Day as a showcase for the importance of labour to the development of Jamaica, and a day of voluntary community participation to beneficial projects.[14] Since then, Labour Day has been not only a public holiday, but also a day of mass community involvement around the country.

Japan

In Japan, Labour Day is officially conflated with Thanksgiving on 23 November, as Labor Thanksgiving Day.[15]

Kazakhstan

Labour Day in Kazakhstan is celebrated on the last Sunday in September. The holiday was officially established in late 2013. In 1995, the government of Kazakhstan replaced International Workers' Day with Kazakhstan People's Unity Day. Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev also instituted a special medal that is awarded to veterans of labour on the occasion of the holiday. Labour Day it is widely celebrated across the country with official speeches, award ceremonies, cultural events, etc. It is a non-working holiday for most citizens of Kazakhstan because it always falls on a weekend.[16]

Kenya

In Kenya, Labour Day is commemorated yearly every 1st May. This celebration is usually marked with song and dance as Kenyans gather at designated locations to celebrate and listen to speeches from the leadership of the country. Francis Atwoli, Secretary General of the Central Organization of Trade Unions (Kenya), COTU (K) has been vocal in spearheading the celebrations in the country while advocating for favourable working conditions for the Kenyan people.

Macau S.A.R.

In Macau, 1 May is a public holiday and is officially known as Dia do Trabalhador (Portuguese for "Workers' Day").[17]

Malaysia

On May 1st, people in Malaysia take the time to remember the economic and social accomplishments of the labour movement.

Also known as May Day, this holiday is sometimes celebrated with groups organising parades and/or rallies to promote and protect workers' rights.

New Zealand

In New Zealand, Labour Day [18] is a public holiday held on the fourth Monday in October.[19] Its origins are traced back to the eight-hour working day movement that arose in the newly founded Wellington colony in 1840, primarily because of carpenter Samuel Parnell's refusal to work more than eight hours a day. That year, Parnell reportedly told a prospective employer: "There are twenty-four hours per day given us; eight of these should be for work, eight for sleep, and the remaining eight for recreation".

The first Labour Day in New Zealand was celebrated on 28 October 1890, which marked the first anniversary of the Maritime Council, an organisation of transport and mining unions.[20] Several thousand trade union members and supporters attended parades in the main city centres. Government employees were given the day off to attend, and many businesses closed for at least part of the day. Initially, the day was variously called Labour Day or Labour Demonstration Day.[21]

In 1899, the government legislated that the day be a public holiday through the Labour Day Act of 1899. The day was set as the second Wednesday in October and first celebrated the following year, in 1900. In 1910, the holiday was moved to the fourth Monday in October.

Pakistan

In Pakistan, 1 May is Labour Day and is a public holiday all over the nation.

Poland

Poland celebrates Labour Day on 1 May. Since 3 May is the Constitution Day (and catholic holiday - The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland), also a public holiday, they are often combined to generate the "May long weekend" because 2 May is Polish National Flag Day.

Philippines

In the Philippines, Labor Day is a public holiday commemorated nationwide on 1 May. Initially observed in 1903 through a protest by the Union Obrera Democratica Filipina in Manila during the American colonial era,[22] it was officially recognised as a holiday in 1908, with the first official commemoration taking place in 1913.[23]

Switzerland

In Switzerland, Labour Day on 1 May is not a federal holiday across the entire country, but several of the cantons have made it one of their 8 cantonal holidays.[24] In the Canton of Fribourg, it is traditional for children to go sing at people's doors in exchange of sweets and money.[25]

Taiwan

1 May is known as Labour Day in Taiwan, an official holiday, though not everybody gets a day off. Public servants, teachers and students do not have this day off.[26]

Tajikistan

Labour Day was celebrated on May 1 in the Soviet Union, and the tradition lives on in Tajikistan. Although Labour Day is a working day, folk festivals, performances and fairs organised throughout the country create a holiday atmosphere.[27]

Trinidad and Tobago

In Trinidad and Tobago, Labour Day is celebrated every 19 June. This holiday was proposed in 1973[28] to be commemorated on the anniversary of the 1937 Butler labour riots.

Turkey

In Turkey, 1 May is an official holiday. However, the state prohibits some demonstrations made by left-wing protestors, particularly those in Taksim,[29] [30] which carries historical significance due to the Taksim Square Massacre on 1 May 1977.

United States

See main article: Labor Day. In the United States, Labor Day is a federal holiday observed on the first Monday of September. It is customarily viewed as the end of the summer vacation season.[31] Many schools open for the year on the day after Labor Day.[32]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Australian Government: National Public Holidays. australia.gov.au. 7 March 2016. 14 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200414132759/https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/special-dates-and-events/public-holidays. live.
  2. Web site: Australian Public Holidays: Labour Day. alldownunder.com. 1998. 7 March 2016. 19 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150619093412/http://alldownunder.com/australian-dates/holiday-labour-day.htm. live.
  3. Book: Wendy. Lewis. Simon. Balderstone. John. Bowman. Events that Shaped Australia. 7 March 2016. 2006. New Holland Publishers. 978-1-74110-492-9. 57.
  4. Radical Brisbane (2004), ISBN 0958079455, pp 231–4.
  5. Web site: Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on. Deutsche Welle. 20 July 2014. 24 April 2014. 20 July 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140720044730/http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288. live.
  6. Web site: Bangladesh Official Public Holidays. Official Public Holidays. 27 December 2015. 30 March 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140330010026/http://bangladesh.officialpublicholidays.com/national-holiday. live.
  7. Web site: Holidays in The Bahamas in 2015. timeanddate.com. 27 December 2015. 21 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160121015052/http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/bahamas/. live.
  8. Web site: Gagnon. Marc-André. Labour Day in Canada. 7 September 2020. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 10 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200910101347/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/labour-day. live.
  9. Book: Heron. Craig. The Workers' Festival: A History of Labour Day in Canada. Penfold. Steve. University of Toronto Press. 2005. 0-8020-4886-2. Toronto. 31–38.
  10. News: China scraps one of three Golden Week holidays . 13 April 2022 . . 16 December 2007 . 13 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220413053106/https://www.reuters.com/article/life-china-holidays-dc-idUKPEK14649920071216 . live .
  11. News: 调与休:黄金周长假的变迁. Reconcile and rest: the change of Golden Week vacation. 2013-11-27. 13 April 2022. Chinese. People's Daily. Xinhua News Agency. 13 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220413052529/http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/1127/c70731-23676181.html. live.
  12. News: 2019-11-28. "五一"假期延长至5天 解读黄金周背后的假如. "May Day" holiday extended to 5 days: Explaining the assumptions behind the Golden Week. Chinese. Xinhuanet. Chengdu Business News. 8 September 2022. 13 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220413052532/http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2019-11/28/c_1125283926.htm. live.
  13. News: 2012-07-01. 新闻背景:香港回归15年大事记. News Background: Events in the 15 years since Hong Kong's return to China . Chinese. China News Service. 1 May 2024. 2 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120702000613/http://www.chinanews.com/ga/2012/07-01/3998742.shtml. live.
  14. Web site: National Labour Day 2008 . History of Labour Day . Jamaica Information Service . 21 July 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090910163817/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/labourDay2008/history.htm . 10 September 2009 . dead . dmy-all .
  15. Web site: Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日. Miller. Adam. 22 November 2011. Axiom Magazine. 22 November 2011. 29 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160529122025/http://www.axiommagazine.jp/2011/11/22/labor-thanksgiving-day-%E5%8B%A4%E5%8A%B4%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%97%A5/. live.
  16. News: Labor Day in Kazakhstan / September 24, 2017. AnydayGuide. 2017-09-24. en-GB. 25 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170925083259/https://anydayguide.com/calendar/218. live.
  17. Web site: 2023 . 2023-05-01 . Portal do Governo da RAE de Macau . pt-PT . 1 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230501123231/https://www.gov.mo/pt/public-holidays/year-2023/ . live .
  18. Web site: Kohea te ra o Reipa? | Rangi Reipa Raa 2018 - 2024. mi.traasgpu.com. 24 October 2022. 24 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221024181644/https://mi.traasgpu.com/kohea-te-ra-o-reipa-whakaritea-mo-te-2018-2024/. live.
  19. Web site: First Labour Day celebrations . NZHistory . 6 September 2021 . 6 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210906154732/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-labour-day-celebrations . live .
  20. Web site: Labour Day . . 6 September 2021 . 17 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210917002822/https://www.nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/labour-day . live .
  21. Web site: Labour Day celebrates 8-hour working day – New Zealand Parliament. 2021-10-21. www.parliament.nz. en. 21 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211021115840/https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/labour-day-celebrates-8-hour-working-day/. live.
  22. News: APPENDIX: A History of the Philippine Political Protest. Official Gazette. 1 May 2024.
  23. News: DID YOU KNOW: PH first observed Labor Day in 1903. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 1 May 2019. 1 May 2024. Marielle. Medina.
  24. Web site: Kantonalrechtliche Feiertage. de,fr,it.
  25. Web site: Historique du 1er mai. fr.
  26. Web site: 台灣國定假日與節日 – 2019年年曆 . holidays-calendar.net . zh . 6 September 2022 . 1 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200501163806/https://holidays-calendar.net/calendar_zh_tw/taiwan_zh_tw.html . live .
  27. Web site: Public Holidays in Tajikistan in 2024-2025 .
  28. Web site: Trinidad and Tobago Labour Day. https://web.archive.org/web/20080807210105/http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=268. dead. 7 August 2008.
  29. Web site: 1 Mayıs Tedbirleri Basın Açıklaması (2024-31) . May 1 Measures Press Release (2024-31) . 2024-04-30 . . tr.
  30. Web site: 2024-04-30 . 1 Mayıs'ın Taksim'de kutlanması tartışmaları sürüyor: Meydan neden önemli? . 2024-04-30 . . tr.
  31. Johnson, Yelena. Labor Day End of Summer White Party, Celebrations.com. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
  32. Helderman, Rosalind S. "Issues That Matter to You: School Start After Labor Day "; The Washington Post, 6 September 2009.