| En Name: | Polessk |
| Ru Name: | Полесск |
| Coordinates: | 54.8667°N 27°W |
| Map Label Position: | right |
| Image Coa: | Labiawa COA.png |
| Pushpin Map: | Russia Kaliningrad Oblast#European Russia#Europe |
| Federal Subject: | Kaliningrad Oblast |
| Adm Data As Of: | November 2011 |
| Adm District Jur: | Polessky District |
| Adm Selsoviet Jur: | Polessk |
| Adm Selsoviet Type: | Town of district significance |
| Adm Ctr Of1: | Polessky District |
| Adm Ctr Of2: | town of district significance of Polessk |
| Inhabloc Cat: | Town |
| Mun Data As Of: | July 2009 |
| Mun District Jur: | Polessky Municipal District |
| Urban Settlement Jur: | Polesskoye Urban Settlement |
| Mun Admctr Of1: | Polessky Municipal District |
| Mun Admctr Of2: | Polesskoye Urban Settlement |
| Pop 2010Census: | 7581 |
| Established Date: | 13th century |
| Prev Name1: | Labiau |
| Prev Name1 Date: | 1946 |
| Postal Codes: | 238630 |
| Commonscat: | Polessk |
| Date: | January 2014 |
Polessk (Russian: Полесск; German: Labiau; Lithuanian: Labguva; Polish: Labiawa) is a town and the administrative center of Polessky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located 49km (30miles) northeast of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast, at the junction of a main road and a railroad at the Deyma River, shortly before it enters the Curonian Lagoon. Population figures: 4,744 (1885).
The Polessk Canal begins in the town.
It was founded in the 13th century,[1] by the Teutonic Order who erected a castle there and named it Labiau. Initially it was part of the State of the Teutonic Order. In 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region to the Kingdom of Poland upon the request of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation.[2] After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) the settlement became a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Knights[3] until 1525 and by Ducal Prussia afterwards. In this town, on November 20, 1656, was signed the Treaty of Labiau. From the 18th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany, within which it was administratively located in the province of East Prussia. Labiau was a district seat in the administrative region of Königsberg. In 1885, Labiau had 4,744 inhabitants, almost all of whom were Lutherans.
Labiau was overrun by the Soviet Red Army in 1945 near the end of World War II. After Germany's defeat in the war in 1945, the town was transferred to Soviet Russia and the following year it was renamed Polessk. The German inhabitants were partly evacuated via the coast, or were subsequently expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and replaced with Soviet citizens.
The former Polessk (air base) is nearby.[4]
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Polessk serves as the administrative center of Polessky District.[5] As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated within Polessky District as the town of district significance of Polessk. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Polessk is incorporated within Polessky Municipal District as Polesskoye Urban Settlement.[6]