| Competition: | Primera División |
| Season: | 1958–59 |
| Winners: | Barcelona (7th title) |
| Relegated: | Real Gijón Celta |
| Continentalcup1 Qualifiers: | Barcelona Real Madrid (as title holders) |
| League Topscorer: | Alfredo di Stéfano (23 goals) |
| Biggest Home Win: | |
| Matches: | 240 |
| Total Goals: | 775 |
| Longest Wins: | 9 matches Barcelona |
| Longest Losses: | 5 matches Celta Las Palmas |
| Longest Unbeaten: | 9 matches Barcelona |
| Longest Winless: | 11 matches Celta |
| Prevseason: | 1957–58 |
| Nextseason: | 1959–60 |
The 1958–59 La Liga season was the 28th since its establishment. The season started on September 14, 1958, and finished on April 19, 1959.
For this season, the relegation play-offs were re-established. 13th and 14th qualified teams would play a double-legged playoff against the second qualified teams of the two groups of Segunda División.
Sevilla inaugurated this season the Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium.
| Team | Home city | Stadium | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barcelona | Nou Camp | ||
| Los Cármenes | |||
| Las Palmas | |||
| Osasuna | |||
| Oviedo | |||
| Real Betis | Heliópolis | ||
| El Molinón | |||
| Real Madrid | |||
| Real Sociedad | |||
| Seville | |||
| Valencia | |||
| Zaragoza | La Romareda |
|}
| width=50px | Position | Player | Club | width=50px | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Alfredo Di Stéfano | Real Madrid | 23 | ||
| 2 |  Ferenc Puskás | Real Madrid | 21 | ||
| 3 |  Evaristo de Macedo | Barcelona | 20 | ||
| 4 | Justo Tejada | Barcelona | 19 | ||
| 5 | Vavá | Atlético Madrid | 16 | ||
| 6 | Antoniet | Sevilla FC | 15 |