| Competition: | Primera División |
| Season: | 1955–56 |
| Winners: | Athletic Bilbao (6th title) |
| Relegated: | Murcia Alavés Cultural Leonesa Hércules |
| Continentalcup1 Qualifiers: | Athletic Bilbao Real Madrid (as holders) |
| Continentalcup2: | Latin Cup |
| Continentalcup2 Qualifiers: | Athletic Bilbao |
| League Topscorer: | Alfredo di Stéfano (24 goals) |
| Biggest Home Win: | Atlético Madrid 9–0 Hércules |
| Highest Scoring: | Real Madrid 8–3 Celta |
| Matches: | 240 |
| Total Goals: | 908 |
| Longest Wins: | 10 matches Barcelona |
| Longest Losses: | 6 matches Cultural Leonesa |
| Longest Unbeaten: | 13 matches Atlético Bilbao |
| Longest Winless: | 10 matches Hércules Las Palmas Murcia |
| Prevseason: | 1954–55 |
| Nextseason: | 1956–57 |
The 1955–56 La Liga was the 25th season since its establishment. Athletic Bilbao achieved their sixth title.
| Team | Home city | Stadium | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barcelona | |||
| Cultural Leonesa | |||
| Hércules | La Viña | ||
| Las Palmas | |||
| Murcia | |||
| Real Madrid | |||
| Real Sociedad | |||
| Seville | |||
| Valencia | |||
| Valladolid |
| Rank | Player | Club | Goals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Alfredo di Stéfano | Real Madrid | 24 | |
| 2 | Mauro | Celta | 23 | |
| 3 | Adrián Escudero | Atlético Madrid | 21 |