| Competition: | Primera División |
| Season: | 1951–52 |
| Winners: | Barcelona (5th title) |
| Relegated: | Las Palmas Atlético Tetuán |
| Continentalcup1: | Latin Cup |
| Continentalcup1 Qualifiers: | Barcelona |
| League Topscorer: | Pahiño (28 goals) |
| Biggest Home Win: | Barcelona 9–0 Real Gijón |
| Highest Scoring: | Zaragoza 5–6 Español Atlético Bilbao 10–1 Zaragoza |
| Matches: | 240 |
| Total Goals: | 987 |
| Longest Wins: | 8 matches Barcelona |
| Longest Losses: | 6 matches Real Santander |
| Longest Unbeaten: | 13 matches Real Madrid |
| Longest Winless: | 8 matches Real Santander |
| Prevseason: | 1950–51 |
| Nextseason: | 1952–53 |
The 1951–52 La Liga was the 21st season since its establishment. The season started on 9 September 1951 and finished on 13 April 1952. Barcelona achieved their fifth title.
Las Palmas and Atlético Tetuán made their debut in La Liga. The former became the first team from the Canary Islands to play in the top tier while the latter, as Tetouan were part of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, were the first team based in the continental Africa to play in a European top division.
| Club | City | Stadium |
|---|---|---|
| San Mamés | ||
| Metropolitano | ||
| Varela | ||
| Les Corts | ||
| Balaídos | ||
| Riazor | ||
| Sarriá | ||
| Insular | ||
| El Molinón | ||
| Chamartín | ||
| El Sardinero | ||
| Atotxa | ||
| Nervión | ||
| Mestalla | ||
| José Zorrilla | ||
| Torrero | ||
| Rank | Goalscorers | Team | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Pahiño | Real Madrid | 28 |
| 2 |  László Kubala | Barcelona | 26 |
| 3 | César Rodríguez | Barcelona | 23 |
| 4 | Hermidita | Celta | 21 |
| 5 | Juan Araujo | Sevilla | 20 |
| 5 | Adolfo Atienza | Celta | 18 |
| Manuel Badenes | Valencia | ||
| 7 | Roque Olsen | Real Madrid | 17 |
| 8 | Venancio | Atlético Bilbao | 16 |
| José Juncosa | Atlético Madrid | ||
| 10 | José Egea | Español | 15 |
| Luis Molowny | Real Madrid |