| La Jonquera | |
| Settlement Type: | Municipality |
| Pushpin Map: | Spain Province of Girona#Spain |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Catalonia |
| Coordinates: | 42.4197°N 2.8753°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Spain |
| Subdivision Type1: | Community |
| Subdivision Type2: | Province |
| Subdivision Name2: | Girona |
| Subdivision Type3: | Comarca |
| Subdivision Name3: | Alt Empordà |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Sònia Martínez Juli (2015)[1] |
| Area Footnotes: | [2] |
| Area Total Km2: | 56.9 |
| Elevation M: | 110 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Demonyms: | Jonquerenc, jonquerenca, jonquereño, jonquereña |
La Jonquera (in Catalan; Valencian pronounced as /lə ʒuŋˈkeɾə/; Spanish; Castilian: La Junquera|links=no)[3] is a municipality in the comarca of l'Alt Empordà, in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated next to the border with Northern Catalonia, nowadays France, opposite the municipality of Le Perthus.
The area has always been an important passage through the Pyrenees. The contemporary AP-7 highway extends not far from the ancient Roman road, the Via Augusta. Nearby there is an altar erected by Pompey on the Coll de Panissars. The name comes precisely from the Roman mansion of Iuncaria, which is not located under the current population but several kilometers away, in Figueras.6
La Junquera was the scene of a conflict involving retreating French crusaders in 1285 that ended in their defeat.
From the 13th century until the end of the manorial regime, in the mid-19th century, it was the possession of the Rocabertí family. The Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659) placed the new border between the Spanish and French monarchies in the Albera mountain range, a fact that marked the subsequent history of La Junquera.
List of toponyms in La Jonquera (Topography: mountains, ranges, hills, places...; hydrography: rivers, fountains...; buildings: houses, farmhouses, churches, etc.).
It is located at the northern end of the Alt Empordà, on the border with the northern Catalan region of Vallespir through the Pertús Pass, the current border between the Spanish and French states. Crashed in the Sierra de l'Albera. Cork oak forests predominate there.
The old town of Requesens (to the east of the town) has been part of the Albera Natural Site of National Interest since 1986.
The N-II road and the AP-7 highway (access exit number 2) connect La Jonquera with the rest of the region and Catalonia, and give it access to one of the main international communication routes between the Spanish states and French.
La Jonquera (2,888 inhabitants in the village) has 4 civil parishes (poblaciones). The village of Els Límits is situated on the French-Spanish border, contiguous to its French twin town, Le Perthus.
| Village | Population (2005) | |
|---|---|---|
| Canadal | 9 | |
| Els Límits | 115 | |
| Requesens | 0 | |
| Sant Julià | 4 |
The shield of La Jonquera is a cantoned shield, made of silver, a bundle of reeds made of chinople with a gold binding. The shield is crowned by a villa mural crown. The reeds are a traditional speaking element, related to the name of the town.
The shield was approved on December 17, 1990.
Castles declared cultural assets of national interest:
Romanesque hermitages:
Megalithic monuments:
The area around La Jonquera was seriously affected by fatal wildfires that devastated large swathes of forestry in northern Catalonia in July 2012.[4]
Rainfed farming and cork handling were traditionally the most important economic activities. At present, the basis of the municipal economy is the activity derived from the Portús customs office - the name of the town of Pertús in Emporda, part of which (the Límits district) belongs to La Jonquera.
The New York Times reported that one of Europe's largest brothels opened in La Jonquera in 2010, taking advantage of Europe's open borders and "tax laws". Many of its clients reportedly come from France, where prostitution was made illegal in April 2016. According to the paper, "Advocates and police officials say that most of the women are controlled by illegal networks — they are modern-day slaves."[5]