LYPLA3 explained

LYPLA3, also known as Group XV phospholipase A2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G15 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to glycerophosphorylcholine and a free fatty acid. This enzyme is present in the plasma and thought to be associated with high-density lipoprotein. A later paper contradicts the function of this gene. It demonstrates that this gene encodes a lysosomal enzyme instead of a lysophospholipase and has both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and transacylase activities.

Further reading

• Wang A, Dennis EA . Mammalian lysophospholipases . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1439 . 1 . 1–16 . 1999 . 10395961 . 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00063-3.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . vanc. Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K . Maruyama K . 3 . Suyama . A . Sugano . S .
• Ohta T, Michel JJ, Schottelius AJ, Xiong Y . ROC1, a homolog of APC11, represents a family of cullin partners with an associated ubiquitin ligase activity . Mol. Cell . 3 . 4 . 535–41 . 1999 . 10230407 . 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80482-7 . 19371828 . free .
• Hiraoka M, Abe A, Shayman JA . Cloning and characterization of a lysosomal phospholipase A2, 1-O-acylceramide synthase . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 12 . 10090–9 . 2002 . 11790796 . 10.1074/jbc.M111977200 . free .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . vanc. Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Clark HF . The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment . Genome Res. . 13 . 10 . 2265–70 . 2003 . 12975309 . 10.1101/gr.1293003 . 403697 . vanc. Gurney AL . Abaya E . 3 . Baker . K . Baldwin . D . Brush . J . Chen . J . Chow . B . Chui . C .
• Ota T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . vanc. Suzuki Y . Nishikawa T . 3 . Otsuki . Tetsuji . Sugiyama . Tomoyasu . Irie . Ryotaro . Wakamatsu . Ai . Hayashi . Koji . Sato . Hiroyuki . free .
• Abe A, Poucher HK, Hiraoka M, Shayman JA . Induction of lysosomal phospholipase A2 through the retinoid X receptor in THP-1 cells . J. Lipid Res. . 45 . 4 . 667–73 . 2004 . 14754907 . 10.1194/jlr.M300342-JLR200 . free .
• Zhang Z, Henzel WJ . Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites . Protein Sci. . 13 . 10 . 2819–24 . 2005 . 15340161 . 10.1110/ps.04682504 . 2286551 .
• Gerhard DS . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . vanc. Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Otsuki T . Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries . DNA Res. . 12 . 2 . 117–26 . 2007 . 16303743 . 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117 . vanc. Ota T . Nishikawa T . 3 . Hayashi . K . Suzuki . Y . Yamamoto . J . Wakamatsu . A . Kimura . K . Sakamoto . K . free .

Notes and References

1. Taniyama Y, Shibata S, Kita S, Horikoshi K, Fuse H, Shirafuji H, Sumino Y, Fujino M . Cloning and expression of a novel lysophospholipase which structurally resembles lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 257 . 1 . 50–6 . May 1999 . 10092508 . 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0411 .
2. Schaloske RH, Dennis EA . The phospholipase A2 superfamily and its group numbering system . Biochim Biophys Acta . 1761 . 11 . 1246–59 . Nov 2006 . 16973413 . 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.07.011 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: LYPLA3 lysophospholipase 3 (lysosomal phospholipase A2).