Latrophilin 1 Explained

Latrophilin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADGRL1 gene.^{[1] [2]} It is a member of the adhesion-GPCR family of receptors. Family members are characterized by an extended extracellular region with a variable number of protein domains coupled to a TM7 domain via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.^{[3] [4] [5]}

Function

This gene encodes a member of the latrophilin subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Latrophilins may function in both cell adhesion and signal transduction. In experiments with non-human species, endogenous proteolytic cleavage within a cysteine-rich GPS (G-protein-coupled-receptor proteolysis site) domain resulted in two subunits (a large extracellular N-terminal cell adhesion subunit and a subunit with substantial similarity to the secretin/calcitonin family of GPCRs) being non-covalently bound at the cell membrane. Latrophilin-1 has been shown to recruit the neurotoxin from black widow spider venom, alpha-latrotoxin, to the synapse plasma membrane. Latrophilin-1 also binds glucose and possibly other carbohydrates because of its lectin domain.^[6] It may be involved in mediating glucose and energy balance as shown recently..

See also

• Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors

Further reading

• Südhof TC . alpha-Latrotoxin and its receptors: neurexins and CIRL/latrophilins . Annual Review of Neuroscience . 24 . 933–962 . 2001 . 11520923 . 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.933 .
• Ushkaryov YA, Volynski KE, Ashton AC . The multiple actions of black widow spider toxins and their selective use in neurosecretion studies . Toxicon . 43 . 5 . 527–542 . April 2004 . 15066411 . 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.02.008 .
• Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O . 6 . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro . DNA Research . 5 . 6 . 355–364 . December 1998 . 10048485 . 10.1093/dnares/5.6.355 . free .
• Kreienkamp HJ, Zitzer H, Gundelfinger ED, Richter D, Bockers TM . The calcium-independent receptor for alpha-latrotoxin from human and rodent brains interacts with members of the ProSAP/SSTRIP/Shank family of multidomain proteins . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 42 . 32387–32390 . October 2000 . 10964907 . 10.1074/jbc.C000490200 . free .
• Brill LM, Salomon AR, Ficarro SB, Mukherji M, Stettler-Gill M, Peters EC . Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry . Analytical Chemistry . 76 . 10 . 2763–2772 . May 2004 . 15144186 . 10.1021/ac035352d .
• Bjarnadóttir TK, Fredriksson R, Höglund PJ, Gloriam DE, Lagerström MC, Schiöth HB . The human and mouse repertoire of the adhesion family of G-protein-coupled receptors . Genomics . 84 . 1 . 23–33 . July 2004 . 15203201 . 10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.12.004 .

External links

• PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Mouse Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1

Notes and References

1. Hayflick JS . A family of heptahelical receptors with adhesion-like domains: a marriage between two super families . Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research . 20 . 2–3 . 119–131 . Jan 2001 . 10994649 . 10.3109/10799890009150640 . 19919738 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: LPHN1 latrophilin 1.
3. Book: Stacey M, Yona S . AdhesionGPCRs: Structure to Function (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology) . Springer . Berlin . 2011 . 978-1-4419-7912-4 .
4. Fredriksson R, Lagerström MC, Höglund PJ, Schiöth HB . Novel human G protein-coupled receptors with long N-terminals containing GPS domains and Ser/Thr-rich regions . FEBS Letters . 531 . 3 . 407–414 . November 2002 . 12435584 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03574-3 . 7449692 . free .
5. Araç D, Boucard AA, Bolliger MF, Nguyen J, Soltis SM, Südhof TC, Brunger AT . A novel evolutionarily conserved domain of cell-adhesion GPCRs mediates autoproteolysis . The EMBO Journal . 31 . 6 . 1364–1378 . March 2012 . 22333914 . 3321182 . 10.1038/emboj.2012.26 .
6. Chhabra KH, Bathina S, Faniyan TS, Samuel DJ, Raza MU, de Souza Cordeiro LM, Viana Di Prisco G, Atwood BK, Robles J, Bainbridge L, Davis A . 6 . ADGRL1 is a glucose receptor involved in mediating energy and glucose homeostasis . Diabetologia . 67. 1. September 2023 . 170–189 . 37712955 . 10.1007/s00125-023-06010-6 . 10709246 . 261886742 . free .