LOXL4 explained

Lysyl oxidase homolog 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LOXL4 gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family.

See also

• LOXL1
• LOXL2
• LOXL3

Further reading

• Molnar J, Fong KS, He QP, etal . Structural and functional diversity of lysyl oxidase and the LOX-like proteins . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1647 . 1–2 . 220–4 . 2003 . 12686136 . 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00053-0.
• Asuncion L, Fogelgren B, Fong KS, etal . A novel human lysyl oxidase-like gene (LOXL4) on chromosome 10q24 has an altered scavenger receptor cysteine rich domain . Matrix Biol. . 20 . 7 . 487–91 . 2002 . 11691588 . 10.1016/S0945-053X(01)00161-5 .
• Mäki JM, Tikkanen H, Kivirikko KI . Cloning and characterization of a fifth human lysyl oxidase isoenzyme: the third member of the lysyl oxidase-related subfamily with four scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains . Matrix Biol. . 20 . 7 . 493–6 . 2002 . 11691589 . 10.1016/S0945-053X(01)00157-3 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Holtmeier C, Görögh T, Beier U, etal . Overexpression of a novel lysyl oxidase-like gene in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas . Anticancer Res. . 23 . 3B . 2585–91 . 2003 . 12894545 .
• Kim MS, Kim SS, Jung ST, etal . Expression and purification of enzymatically active forms of the human lysyl oxidase-like protein 4 . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 52 . 52071–4 . 2004 . 14551188 . 10.1074/jbc.M308856200 . free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, etal . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, etal . Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks . Cell . 127 . 3 . 635–48 . 2006 . 17081983 . 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . 7827573 . free .
• Shieh TM, Lin SC, Liu CJ, etal . Association of expression aberrances and genetic polymorphisms of lysyl oxidase with areca-associated oral tumorigenesis . Clin. Cancer Res. . 13 . 15 Pt 1 . 4378–85 . 2007 . 17671119 . 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2685 . free .

Notes and References

1. Ito H, Akiyama H, Iguchi H, Iyama K, Miyamoto M, Ohsawa K, Nakamura T . Molecular cloning and biological activity of a novel lysyl oxidase-related gene expressed in cartilage . J Biol Chem . 276 . 26 . 24023–9 . Jun 2001 . 11292829 . 10.1074/jbc.M100861200 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: LOXL4 lysyl oxidase-like 4.