LGMN explained

Legumain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGMN gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene encodes a cysteine protease, legumain, that has a strict specificity for hydrolysis of asparaginyl bonds. This enzyme may be involved in the processing of bacterial peptides and endogenous proteins for MHC class II presentation in the lysosomal/endosomal systems. Enzyme activation is triggered by acidic pH and appears to be autocatalytic. Protein expression occurs after monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells. A fully mature, active enzyme is produced following lipopolysaccharide expression in mature dendritic cells. Overexpression of this gene may be associated with the majority of solid tumor types. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 13. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but the biological validity of only two has been determined. These two variants encode the same isoform.

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . vanc. Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K . Maruyama K . 3 . Suyama . A . Sugano . S .
• Chen JM . Cloning and expression of mouse legumain, a lysosomal endopeptidase . Biochem. J. . 335 . Pt 1. 111–7 . 1998 . 9742219 . 10.1042/bj3350111. 1219758 . vanc. Dando PM . Stevens RA . 3 . Fortunato . M . Barrett . AJ .
• Halfon S . Autocatalytic activation of human legumain at aspartic acid residues . FEBS Lett. . 438 . 1–2 . 114–8 . 1998 . 9821970 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01281-2 . vanc. Patel S . Vega F . 3 . Zurawski . S . Zurawski . G . 32702742 .
• Manoury B . An asparaginyl endopeptidase processes a microbial antigen for class II MHC presentation . Nature . 396 . 6712 . 695–9 . 1999 . 9872320 . 10.1038/25379 . vanc. Hewitt EW . Morrice N . 3 . Morrice . Nick . Dando . Pam M. . Barrett . Alan J. . 4352065 . free.
• Chen JM, Rawlings ND, Stevens RA, Barrett AJ . Identification of the active site of legumain links it to caspases, clostripain and gingipains in a new clan of cysteine endopeptidases . FEBS Lett. . 441 . 3 . 361–5 . 1999 . 9891971 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01574-9 . 46043484 . free .
• Chen JM, Fortunato M, Barrett AJ . Activation of human prolegumain by cleavage at a C-terminal asparagine residue . Biochem. J. . 352 . 2. 327–34 . 2001 . 11085925 . 10.1042/bj3520327. 1221463 .
• Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . vanc. Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Li DN . Multistep autoactivation of asparaginyl endopeptidase in vitro and in vivo . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 40 . 38980–90 . 2003 . 12860980 . 10.1074/jbc.M305930200 . vanc. Matthews SP . Antoniou AN . 3 . Mazzeo . D . Watts . C . free .
• Burster T . Cathepsin G, and not the asparagine-specific endoprotease, controls the processing of myelin basic protein in lysosomes from human B lymphocytes . J. Immunol. . 172 . 9 . 5495–503 . 2004 . 15100291 . 10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5495. vanc. Beck A . Tolosa E . 3 . Marin-Esteban . V . Rötzschke . O . Falk . K . Lautwein . A . Reich . M . Brandenburg . J . free .
• Gerhard DS . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . vanc. Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
• Murthy RV . Legumain expression in relation to clinicopathologic and biological variables in colorectal cancer . Clin. Cancer Res. . 11 . 6 . 2293–9 . 2005 . 15788679 . 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1642 . vanc. Arbman G . Gao J . 3 . Roodman . GD . Sun . XF . free .
• Oh JH . Transcriptome analysis of human gastric cancer . Mamm. Genome . 16 . 12 . 942–54 . 2006 . 16341674 . 10.1007/s00335-005-0075-2 . vanc. Yang JO . Hahn Y . 3 . Kim . Mi-Rang . Byun . Sang-Soon . Jeon . Yeo-Jin . Kim . Jeong-Min . Song . Kyu-Sang . Noh . Seung-Moo . 69278 .

Notes and References

1. Tanaka T, Inazawa J, Nakamura Y . Molecular cloning of a human cDNA encoding putative cysteine protease (PRSC1) and its chromosome assignment to 14q32.1 . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 74 . 1–2 . 120–3 . Dec 1996 . 8893817 . 10.1159/000134397 .
2. Chen JM, Dando PM, Rawlings ND, Brown MA, Young NE, Stevens RA, Hewitt E, Watts C, Barrett AJ . Cloning, isolation, and characterization of mammalian legumain, an asparaginyl endopeptidase . J Biol Chem . 272 . 12 . 8090–8 . Apr 1997 . 9065484 . 10.1074/jbc.272.12.8090 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: LGMN legumain.