LGBT rights and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints explained

See also: The LDS Church and politics in the US, California Proposition 8 (2008), The Divine Institution of Marriage and Protests against Proposition 8 supporters.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) has been involved with many pieces of legislation relating to LGBT people and their rights (e.g. housing, job discrimination, and same-sex marriage). These include playing an important role in defeating same-sex marriage legalization in Hawaii (Amendment 2), Alaska (Measure 2), Nebraska (Initiative 416), Nevada (Question 2), California (Prop 22), and Utah (Amendment 3).^[1] The topic of same-sex marriage has been one of the church's foremost public concerns since 1993.^[1] Leaders have stated that it will become involved in political matters if it perceives that there is a moral issue at stake and wields considerable influence on a national level.^{[2] [3] [4]} Over a dozen members of the US congress had membership in the church in the early 2000s.^[5] About 80% of Utah state lawmakers identied as Mormon at that time as well.^{[6] [7] [8] [9]} The church's political involvement around LGBT rights has long been a source of controversy both within and outside the church.^{[10] [11] [12]} It's also been a significant cause of disagreement and disaffection by members.^{[13] [14] [15]}

Teachings on sexuality and gender identity motivating political involvement

LDS Church leaders have stated that the church will become involved in political matters if it perceives that there is a moral issue at stake, such as same-sex marriage, and the church wields considerable influence in the United States.^{[2] [3] [4]} All homosexual or same-sex sexual activity is forbidden by the LDS Church in its law of chastity, and the church teaches that God does not approve of same-sex marriage.^[16] Additionally, in the church's plan of salvation, noncelibate gay and lesbian individuals will not be allowed in the top tier of heaven to receive exaltation unless they repent, and a heterosexual marriage is a requirement for exaltation.^{[17] [18]} In 1995 Church president Gordon B. Hinckley read "" in the Fall General Conference which states that marriage between a man and a woman is essential and ordained of God and that gender is an essential part of one's eternal identity and purpose. Gender identity and roles play an important part in Latter-Day Saint teachings which teaches a strict binary of spiritual gender as literal offspring of divine parents. "The Family Proclamation" has been submitted by the church in several amicus briefs as evidence against legalizing same-sex marriages.

From 1976 until 1989 under president Spencer Kimball the Church Handbook called for church discipline for members attracted to the same sex equating merely being homosexual with the seriousness of acts of adultery and child molestation—even celibate gay people were subject to excommunication.^{[1] [19] [20]} Kimball's numerous publications discussing "curing" homosexuality and condemning same-sex attractions (even without action), and his rise to the church presidency in 1973 set the stage for years of harsh treatment of gay church members.^[1] Since the first recorded mentions of homosexuality by general LDS Church leaders, teachings and policies around the topics of the nature, etiology, mutability, and identity around same-sex romantic and physical attractions have seen many changes through the decades,^{[21] [22] [23] [24]} including a softening in rhetoric over time.^{[25] [26] [27]}

Views on discrimination laws

In February 2003, the LDS Church said it did not oppose a hate-crimes bill, which included sexual orientation, then under consideration in the Utah state legislature. The church opposes same-sex marriage, but does not object to rights regarding hospitalization and medical care, fair housing and employment rights, or probate rights, so long as these do not infringe on the integrity of the family or the constitutional rights of churches and their adherents to administer and practice their religion free from government interference.^[28] Following two months of negotiations between top Utah gay rights leaders and mid-level church leaders, the church supported a gay rights bill in Salt Lake City which bans discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in housing and employment, calling them "common-sense rights." The law does not apply to housing or employment provided by religious organizations. Jeffrey R. Holland, of the church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, stated that it could be a model for the rest of the state. The LDS Church has not taken a position on ENDA.

Many surveys have been conducted on church members and their views on homosexuality and discrimination. In a 1977 Utah poll three-fourths of LDS-identified responders opposed equal rights for gay teachers or ministers and 62% favored discrimination against gays in business and government (versus 64% and 38% of non-LDS respondents respectively).^{[29] [1] [30]} A 2017 Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) survey found that over half (53%) of all Mormon adults believed small private business should be able to deny products and services to gay or lesbian people for religious reasons (compared to 33% of the 40,000+ American adults surveyed), and 24% of all Mormon adults oppose laws that protect LGBT Americans against discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations.^{[31] [32]} In a 2007 US poll, only 24% of Mormons agreed that "homosexuality is a way of life that should be accepted," less than any other major religious group in the survey except for Jehovah's Witnesses, and 2 out of 3 (68%) latter-day saints said it should be discouraged.^[33] In a similar poll seven years later, 36% said homosexuality should be accepted and over half (57%) said it should be discouraged.^[34] Additionally, 69% of adherents supported laws that protect LGBT Americans against discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations, but 53% believed small private business should be able to deny products and services to gay or lesbian people for religious reasons.

Several church employees have been fired^{[35] [36] [37]} or pressured to leave for being celibate but gay,^{[38] [39] [40]} or for supporting LGBT rights.^{[41] [42]} A Church employee described how his stake president denied his temple recommend resulting in him getting fired simply because of his friendship with other gay men and his involvement in a charity bingo for Utah Pride in a 2011 article.^[43]

Opposition to same-sex marriage legislation

See also: California Proposition 8 (2008), The Divine Institution of Marriage and Protests against Proposition 8 supporters.

In 1997, then church president Gordon B. Hinckley declared the church would "do all it can to stop the recognition of same-sex marriage in the United States", and apostle M. Russell Ballard has said the church is "locked in" if anything interferes with the principle of marriage only being between a man and a woman.^[1] Beginning in the mid-1990s, the LDS Church began to focus its attention on the issue of same-sex marriages with one scholar citing the church's views of God's male-female union plan, their sense of responsibility in publicly protecting traditional morality, and a fear of government encroachment in church performed marriages as the motivations for this opposition.^[44] In 1993, the Supreme Court of Hawaii held that discrimination against same-sex couples in the granting of marriage licenses violated the Hawaiian constitution. In response, the church's First Presidency issued a statement on February 13, 1994, declaring their opposition to same-sex marriage, and urging members to support efforts to outlaw it. Fund-raising assignments were given to stake presidents in Hawaii and the LDS Church contributed $600,000 to pass HB 117.^[1] With the lobbying of the LDS Church and several other religious organizations, the Hawaii legislature enacted the bill in 1994 outlawing same-sex marriages.

Other states were considering legislation against recognizing same-sex marriages, but Utah acted first in 1995.^[1] With its large majority Latter-day Saint legislature it passed a law forbidding the recognition of same-sex marriage that was drafted by a Brigham Young University BYU law professor.^[1] In 1995, the LDS Church released "" reaffirming its stance that marriage is between one man and one woman.^{[45] [1]} However, this monogamous stance has been strongly criticized as hypocritical given the church's historical disagreement with this legal definition which bars polygamy.^[46] In 1998, the church donated $500,000 towards banning same-sex marriage in Alaska (Measure 2). This made up nearly 80% of the entire budget of the coalition lobbying for the measure.^[1] The same year in Nebraska, church members collected about half of the 160,000 signatures gathered to place Initiative 416 on the ballot in order to ban same-sex marriage there.^[1] For Nevada's Question #2 members played a key role in passing it by collecting the necessary petition signatures with many collected by making use of the church directories and venues.^[1]

In 2004, the church officially endorsed a federal amendment to the United States Constitution as well as Utah Constitutional Amendment 3 banning any marriages not between one man and one woman and announced its opposition to political measures that "confer legal status on any other sexual relationship" than "a man and a woman lawfully wedded as husband and wife."^[47] This statement seemed to also oppose civil unions, common-law marriages, plural marriages, or other family arrangements. This political involvement elicited the criticism of California Senator Mark Leno who questioned whether the church's tax-exempt status should be revoked.

On August 13, 2008, the church released a letter explaining why it believed that same-sex marriage would be detrimental to society and encouraging California members to support Proposition 8 which would bar anything but opposite-sex marriages. The letter asked members to donate time and money towards the initiative. Church members would account for 80 to 90 percent of volunteers who campaigned door-to-door and as much as half of the nearly $40 million raised during the campaign.^[48] In November 2008, the day after California voters approved Proposition 8, the LDS Church stated that it does not object to domestic partnership or civil union legislation as long as these do not infringe on the integrity of the traditional family or the constitutional rights of churches.^[49] Soon after, L. Whitney Clayton, a church general authority, stated that members who opposed Proposition 8 may be subject to discipline from local church leaders.^[50] In a special meeting for some Oakland, California members it was reported that Marlin K. Jensen, Church Historian and general authority, apologized to straight and gay members for their pain from the Proposition 8 campaign and some other church actions around homosexuality.^{[51] [52] [53]} In 2010 the LDS Church was fined for failing to properly report about $37,000 in contributions in 2008 towards Prop 8. in violation of California state's political contribution laws.^{[54] [55]} The whistleblower Fred Karger went on to found the organization Mormon Tips seeking information on further political involvement that may violate the LDS church's tax-exempt status.^[56]

On December 20, 2013, the topic of same-sex marriage and the LDS Church was raised again when U.S. District Judge Robert J. Shelby struck down the Utah ban on same-sex marriage, saying it violated the U.S. Constitution's Equal Protection Clause.^[57] In response, the church released instructions to leaders regarding same-sex marriage in Utah.^[58] These included the stance that, while the church disagrees with the court ruling, those who obtain same-sex marriage should not be treated disrespectfully.^[58] Additionally, it stated that church leaders were prohibited from employing their authority to perform marriages, and that any church property could not be used for same-sex marriages or receptions.^[58]

In November 2015, a new policy was released stating that members who are in a same-sex marriage are considered apostates and may be subject to church discipline.^[59] Additionally, the children of parents who are in same-sex relationships must wait until they are 18 years old and then disavow homosexual relationships before they can be baptized.^[60] In April 2019, the church's First Presidency announced a revelation reversing the policy, but still affirming that same-sex marriage was a "serious transgression."^[61] Russell M. Nelson had previously characterized the 2015 policy as direction from God in 2016, stating "Each of us during that sacred moment felt a spiritual confirmation. ... It was our privilege as apostles to sustain what had been revealed to President Monson."^[62] Shortly after the change, Nelson said in a press release that the reversal was, "revelation upon revelation."^[63]

A 2017 PRRI survey found that over half (52%) of Mormon young adults (18–29) supported same-sex marriage while less than a third (32%) of Mormon seniors (65+) did. Overall, 40% of LDS adults supported same-sex marriage, and 53% were opposed.

Criticism and Protests

The church's political involvement around LGBT rights has long been a source of controversy both within and outside the church.^{[10] [11] [12]} It's also been a significant cause of disagreement and disaffection by members.^{[13] [14] [15]} A 2003 nationwide Pew Research Center survey of over 1,000 LGBT Americans found that 83% of them said the LDS church was "generally unfriendly towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people" surpassed only by "the Muslim religion" at 84%.^[64] Additionally, in May 2008 a Georgia Tech gay-rights manual referred to the LDS Church as "anti-gay." After two students sued the school for discrimination, a judge ordered that the material be removed. The church's political involvement around LGBTQ rights has sparked critical media and protests. This includes the 2010 documentary film , the play "8" and the following protests:

• 4 October 1999 – 150 members of Affirmation staged a protest in Salt Lake City over the church's lobbying and funding of anti-same-sex-marriage initiatives in California and other states.
• 2 November 2008 – Hundreds of people gathered at the Salt Lake City library in a protest of Prop 8 organized by LDS mothers of gay children.^{[65] [66]}
• 6 November 2008 – In Los Angeles over two thousand people protested at the LDS temple over the LDS church's heavy involvement in the recent passing of California's Prop 8 banning same-sex marriage.^[67]
• 7 November 2008 – Three days after Prop 8 passed nearly five thousand protesters gathered at the Salt Lake Temple.^[68] That evening a candlelight vigil by about 600 mothers of LGBT children was also held at the Salt Lake Temple.^{[69] [70]}

Timeline of events and publications around the LDS church and LGBT rights

Below is a timeline of events and publications around LDS Church political involvement around LGBT rights.

1800s

• 1851 – The church-controlled legislature of the newly formed Utah Territory passed the first law addressing same-sex sexual behavior banning any "man or boy" from "sexual intercourse with any of the male creation" with penalties left to the courts' discretion.^[71] Brigham Young acted as both Utah governor and church president in the theocratic government and oversaw the selection of the legislators.^[72]
• 1858 – Travelling bishop and later church historian A. Milton Musser wrote that Salt Lake City member Almerin Grow had demonstrated odd behavior and was wearing his wife's clothing in one of the first reported instances of gender non-conforming dress in the Mormon community. Church president Young (who had only recently stepped down as governor of the Utah Territory) subsequently sent Grow south to "never return," so Grow appointed Musser as guardian of his daughter.^{[73] [74]}
• 1897 – During the October General Conference, First Presidency member George Q. Cannon used the media attention on the 1895 conviction and two-year imprisonment of famed Irish poet Oscar Wilde as an opportunity to condemn homosexual behavior as an "abominable", "filthy", "nameless crime" that "caused the utter destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah". He continued stating that the only way to stop these "dreadful practices" was "by the destruction of those who practice them" and "for the Lord to wipe them out" noting that "if a little nest of them were left ... they would soon corrupt others".^{[75] [76]}

1950s

• 1952 – An increase in US public discourse around homosexuality in the McCarthyist Lavender scare era contributed to the first explicit mention of the term homosexual in general conference. Apostle Clark lamented that homosexuality is found among men and women, and that homosexual people exercise great influence in shaping culture.^{[77] [78]} After this LDS leaders started regularly addressing queer topics in public especially towards the end of the decade.
• 1955 – A Boise, Idaho, gay witch hunt was launched to hunt down gay men among moral panic over several local arrests of males for same-sex sexual activity. This resulted in nearly 1,500 people questioned, producing hundreds of names of suspected homosexuals^[79] including several Mormons. Author John Gerassi cites an oppressive environment engendered by the predominantly LDS population in his seminal 1966 work Boys of Boise as a contributing factor for the illegal sexual activity and subsequent witch hunts.^{[80] [81]} The documentary The Fall of '55 was made about the events in 2006.
• 1957 – Apostle Clark cited Old Testament punishments for same-sex sexual activity stating, "for homosexuality, it was death to the male and the prescription or penalty for the female I do not know."^[82]
• 1959 – The fictional book Advise and Consent is released featuring the story of a married Mormon US senator named Brigham Anderson from Utah who has an affair with another man. It won a Pulitzer Prize and was later made into a film in 1962.^{[83] [84] [85]} The novel's plot takes place during the ongoing 1950s McCarthyist Lavender Scare era when thousands of lesbian and gay applicants were barred from federal employment as national security threats under President Eisenhower's Executive Order 10450, and over 5,000 federal employees were fired under suspicions of being homosexual.^{[86] [87]}

1960s

• 1960 – Utah native and LDS-raised R. Joel Dorius (born 1919) would become an unwitting champion of gay liberation after he was arrested in Massachusetts along with two coworkers and fired from his language and visual arts Smith College professorship. His house was raided and beefcake fitness magazines with erotic images of men were found in what is now considered a McCarthyist gay witch hunt.^{[88] [89] [90]} Along with a coworker, Dorius appealed the verdict of pornography possession to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and all three professors were exonerated as the raid warrants were deemed unconstitutional. The scandal has been dramatized in The Scarlet Professor and the PBS documentary The Great Pink Scare.^{[91] [92] [93]}
• 1964 – Apostle Kimball addressed seminary and institute faculty on BYU campus calling homosexuality a "detestable crime against nature" that was "curable" by "self mastery".^{[1] [94]} He cited one lay bishop (a businessman by trade) assigned by the church to administer a "program of rehabilitation" through which there had been "numerous cures". He said "the police, the courts, and the judges" had referred "many cases directly" to the church.^{[95] [30]}
• 1965 – In a churchwide broadcast address the apostle Mark Petersen cited the movements to remove laws banning same-sex sexual activity in at least two US states as great evidence of apostasy, rejecting God, and society placing itself in the role of anti-Christ.^[96]
• 1969 – Mark E. Petersen cites how homosexuality "was made a capital crime in the Bible" as evidence of the seriousness of same-sex sexual activity. He stated "immorality is next to murder" and "the wage of sin is death" and that a rejection of morality "may bring about [this nation's] fall" as with "Greece and Rome" unless there was repentance.^{[97] [98]}

1970s

• 1970 – Victor L. Brown of the Presiding Bishopric gave a General Conference address in which he called recent media reporting on a same-sex marriage "filth on our newsstands".^{[99] [100]}
• 1971 – In a conference address apostle Kimball called the decriminalization of consensual same-sex sexual activity a damnable heresy, and the voices speaking in favor of churches accepting homosexuals as ugly and loud.^{[101] [102]}
• 1972 – Idaho laws which barred same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults were reinstated under heavy pressure from the LDS church after being repealed for three months. Mormon state senator Wayne Loveless who spearheaded the effort stated that the previous law would "encourage immorality and draw sexual deviates to the state."^{[103] [104]} The reinstated law restored the old wording that "every person who is guilty of the infamous crime against nature committed with mankind ... is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than five years."^{[105] [106] [107]}
• 1974 – BYU president Oaks delivered a speech on campus in which he spoke in favor of keeping criminal punishment for "deviate sexual behavior" such as private, consensual, same-sex sexual activity. The speech was later printed by the university's press.^{[108] [109] [110]}

• 1975 – LDS member Sergeant Leonard Matlovich was featured on the September 8 cover of Time magazine with the caption "I Am a Homosexual" for his challenging of the U.S. military ban against gay men and lesbian women.^[111] He was subsequently discharged from the military for openly stating his sexual orientation^[112] and excommunicated from the Church two months after the article was released.^[113]
• 1976 – BYU music professor Carlyle D. Marsden took his own life^[114] two days after being outed by an arrest during a series of police sting operations at an Orem rest stop.^{[115] [116] [117]}
• 1977 – The largely LDS Utah House of Representatives passed a bill outlawing same-sex marriages in the state by 71 votes to 3 without floor debate.^[1]
• 1977 – The Relief Society general president sent a telegram to Anita Bryant for her "Save Our Children" campaign which stated, "On behalf of the one million members of the Relief Society ... we commend you, for your courageous and effective efforts in homosexuality and laws which would legitimize this insidious life ."^{[118] [119]}
• 1977 – Under the name Affirmation: Gay Mormons United, the first Affirmation group was organized in Salt Lake City by a group of other Mormon and former-Mormon lesbian and gay people at the conference for the Salt Lake Coalition for Human Rights.^{[120] [121] [122]}

• 1977 – Apostle Mark Petersen wrote in the Church News that every right-thinking should sustain Anita Bryant and should look at their own neighborhoods to determine how "infiltrated" they had become with gay people.^[1] He also wrote that "homosexual offenses" were next to murder in the hierarchy of sins.^{[1] [123]}
• 1977 – With an invitation from LDS church leaders, Anita Bryant performed at the Utah State Fair on the 18th.^[124] Her presence prompted the first public demonstration from Utah's queer community,^{[125] [126]} organized by gay, former-Mormon pastor Bob Waldrop,^[127] in what gay, former Mormon, and historian Seth Anderson^[128] referred to as "Utah's Stonewall."^[129]
• 1977 – At a backstage press conference Church president Kimball praised Anita Bryant's anti-gay "Save Our Children" crusade which sought to bar the passing of nondiscrimination laws which would protect sexual minorities from being kicked out of their homes, fired from their jobs, and banned from restaurants solely for their sexual orientation. He stated that she was "doing a great service." He continued stating that "the homosexual program is not a natural, normal way of life" and that church bishops and college-educated church counselors can aid those with "homosexual problems."^{[1] [130] [131]}

• 1978 – The First Presidency released a statement on August 24 outlining reasons for their opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment including "unnatural consequences" like an "increase in the practice of homosexual and lesbian activities".^[132]
• 1979 – Gay former Mormon Bob Waldrop who had served an LDS mission in Australia became a leader in the gay-inclusive Salt Lake Metropolitan Community Church.^{[133] [134] [135]} In February 1977 his congregation had had its permission rescinded by Utah state Lieutenant Governor David Monson (a Mormon) to hold a queer-inclusive church dance in the public Utah Capitol building.^[136]

• 1979 – Gay Mormons from Affirmation marched with 75,000 people in the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights.^{[137] [138]}

1980s

• 1980 – The Ensign published an article stating that a passing of the Equal Rights Amendment would lead to legalizing same-sex marriage and children being raised in a homosexual home.
• 1981 – Church leaders sent every bishop and stake president a copy of a book on human sexuality and families by Church Welfare Services director^[139] Victor Brown Jr. The book stated that equating same-sex relationships with opposite-sex marriage was fallacious and inconsistent, and that homosexual people were less disciplined and orderly in their relationships.^{[140] [141]}
• October – A march of about 15 gay post-Mormons calling themselves "Ethyl and Friends for Gay Rights" was given city permission to protest on public property around Temple Square during the church's general conference with signs like "We are God’s Children." The leader Randy Smith (whose drag performance name was Ethel) had previously undergone electroshock aversion therapy at BYU.^{[142] [143] [144]}
• 1984 – Apostle Oaks wrote a church memo that informed church action on LGBT legislation for more than three decades.^{[1] [145]} In it he recommended the church make a public statement to "oppose job discrimination laws protecting homosexuals" unless there were exceptions for allowing employers to "exclude homosexuals from employment that involves teaching ... young people". He also noted "the irony [that] would arise if the Church used [''[[Reynolds v. United States]]]," the principal 1878 ruling stating that marriage is between a man and a woman, "as an argument for the illegality of homosexual marriages [since it was] formerly used against the Church to establish the illegality of polygamous marriages." Oaks also clarified that the word homosexuality is used in two senses: as a "condition" or "tendency", and as a "practice" or "activity".^{[145] [146]}
• 1986 – Twenty-six-year-old Clair Harward who was dying from complications due to AIDS was banned from church meetings for fear of spreading the disease.^{[147] [148]} His story made national headlines^[149] and prompted a statement from a church spokesperson.^{[150] [151] [152]}
• 1987 – Gordon Hinckley of the First Presidency gave a conference address in which he stated, "marriage between a man and a woman is ordained of God .... Marriage should not be viewed as a therapeutic step to solve problems such as homosexual inclinations ...."^[153]
• 1988 – On November 22 a 20-year-old man from a prominent Mormon family in Delta, Utah^{[154] [155]} and another Utah man raped, tortured, and brutally murdered Gordon Church—a 28-year-old, gay, Mormon, student—near Cedar City, Utah in an anti-gay hate crime before US hate crime laws existed.^{[156] [157]}

1990s

• 1990 – Church spokesperson John Lyons stated, "Since there is no marriage between homosexuals, then sexual activity between them is not acceptable under our principles."^[158]
• 1991 – During a case hearing Young Men's president and church Seventy Jack H. Goaslind gave a testimonial and stated on record that "[the church] would withdraw" from the Boy Scouts of America if homosexual youth were allowed to join, implying a current church policy banning youth based on sexual orientation.^{[159] [160]} In March 1910 the church's Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association had adopted the Boy Scouts of America program as the church-wide program for young men in the US.^[161]
• 1992 – Seventy Vaughn Featherstone decried the attempts at legalizing homosexuality during his lifetime as among compromising, drifting philosophies in his general conference speech.^[162]
• 1992 – Then apostle Russell Nelson stated in general conference that the AIDS epidemic was a plague fueled by a vocal few concerned with civil rights and abetted by immoral people.^{[1] [163]}
• 1993 – Packer gave a speech in which he identified social and political unrest from gay-lesbian movements as major invasions into the membership of the Church that leads them away.^[164]
• 1993 – Apostle Oaks gave a conference address stating that "there are many political, legal, and social pressures for changes that confuse gender and homogenize the differences between men and women".^[165]
• 1994 – The First Presidency issued a statement encouraging members to contact their legislators in an effort to reject same-sex marriage.^{[47] [166]}
• 1994 – Apostle Boyd K. Packer gave a conference address mentioning that changes in the laws around marriage and gender threaten the family.^[167]
• 1994 – Apostle James E. Faust gave a speech at BYU in which he stated that same-sex marriage would unravel families, the fabric of human society.^[168]
• 1995 – The LDS Church began actions opposing same-sex marriage laws including recruiting members to work with and donate to Hawaii's Future Today in opposition to efforts to legalize same-sex marriage in Hawaii.^[169] Pamphlets were spread in church meetings and church facilities were used to fax statements to legislative committees.^[170] The campaign spanned years and the church reported giving $600,000 in 1998 to the Hawaiian political-action group Save Traditional Marriage '98.^{[171] [172]}
• 1995 – James E. Faust gave a First Presidency message that stated same-sex relationships would help "unravel the fabric of human society" and if practiced by everyone would "mean the end of the human family".^[173]

• 1995 – Church president Gordon B. Hinckley read "" in the Fall General Conference which states that marriage between a man and a woman is essential and ordained of God. It also teaches that gender is an essential part of one's eternal identity and purpose. The document has been submitted by the church in several amicus briefs as evidence against legalizing same-sex marriages.
• 1995 – Gordon B. Hinckley gave an October General Conference talk in which he stated that "same-sex marriage" is an "immoral practic[e]".^{[174] [175]}
• 1995 – Church Seventy Durrel A. Woolsey stated in general conference that Satan makes powerful and ungodly proclamations like "same-gender intimate associations and even marriages are acceptable."^[176]
• 1996 – In California a letter was read to all congregations from the North American West Area Presidency encouraging members to contact their legislators in support of a California assembly bill (AB 1982) against the recognition of any same-sex marriages.^[1]

• 1996 – Salt Lake City became the only US city to have its Board of Education ban all students clubs after Mormon students Erin Wiser and Kelli Peterson^{[177] [178]} formed an East High School club called the "Gay/Straight Alliance" in September 1995. The club had cited a federal law sponsored by LDS Utah Senator Orrin Hatch which forbade school boards from discriminating against clubs, although, Hatch stated that the law was never meant to promote "immoral speech or activity". Four-hundred of Salt Lake's high school students protested the ban.^{[179] [180]} One Mormon senior at East High was quoted stating that he would rather all clubs be banned than allow the gay-straight alliance.^[181] Additionally, Mormon state representative Grant Protzman^{[182] [183]} stated “I think that many legislators have serious concerns about the group’s moving into recruitment of fresh meat for the gay population."^{[184] [185]} Club founder Peterson responded that recruitment was not at all what the club is about, stating that it was founded to help her and her LGBT friends deal with a hostile school atmosphere where she faced physical and verbal assault as an out lesbian.^{[186] [187]} In response to the gay-straight alliance group, some students at West High formed the Student Against Faggots Everywhere (SAFE) group.^{[188] [189] [190]}
• 1996 – BYU Spanish professor Thomas Matthews was reported to a top LDS authority for previously stating that he was gay in private conversations. He stated that BYU did not like that he was out of the closet despite being celibate and keeping BYU codes of conduct, and eventually left the university a few months later.^[191] BYU president Lee had stated that it was "simply not comfortable for the university" for him to continue teaching there.^{[38] [39] [40]}
• 1997 – A poll of over 400 BYU students found that 42% of students believed that even if a same-sex attracted person kept the honor code they should not be allowed to attend BYU. The poll's stated 5 percent margin of error was criticized as being too low an estimate because of the cluster sampling in classes, however.^[192]
• 1997 – Church president Hinckley stated at the World Forum of Silicon Valley that the church would "do all it can to stop the recognition of same-sex marriage in the United States."^[1]
• 1997 – Church seventy Bruce C. Hafen presented at the World Congress of Families in the Czech Republic. He stated that one thing that will unbridle societal principles and harm us was legalizing same-sex marriage and that, "if the law endorses everything it tolerates, we will eventually tolerate everything and endorse nothing—except tolerance."^[193]
• 1997 – Church president Hinckley gave an interview in which he reaffirmed the stance that God made marriage for one man and one woman and that essentially gay people must live a "celibate life".^[194]
• 1997 – General authorities Marlin Jensen, Loren Dunn, and Richard Wirthlin gave recommendations to the church Public Affairs Committee that the church's priesthood structure could be used to gather 70% of the required 700,000 signatures and raise up to $2 million to place an anti-same-sex-marriage ballot on California's June 1998 primary election.^[1]
• 1998 – The Church Handbook was updated encouraging members to appeal to government officials to reject same-sex marriage.^[195]
• 1998 – The church donated a half million dollars to oppose efforts to legalize same-sex marriage in Alaska.^{[196] [197]}
• 1998 – Church president Hinckley stated again that the church could not support "so-called same-sex marriage".^[198]
• 1999 – The Area Presidency of the North America West Area sent a May 11 letter to all area leaders directing members to donate their means and time to pass the Knight Initiative against same-sex marriage in California.^[1] A second letter invited church members to donate money, and a third letter (sent a month and a half before the proposition would pass) asked members to redouble their efforts in contacting neighbors and to place provided yard signs.^{[1] [199]}
• 1999 – Prop 22 fundraising quotas were given for some stakes and wards (e.g. one stake had a goal of $37,500 and one ward's goal was $4,000).^[1] Some local leaders wrote letter to members soliciting specific amounts.^[1] In some instances lawn signs were passed out in the church building after church meetings.^[1] An estimated half of pro-Prop 22 money raised came from LDS members.^[1] This direct involvement around same-sex marriage laws led certain groups to request the IRS reconsider the LDS Church's tax-exempt status.^[200]
• 1999 – Church president Hinckley stated in general conference that, "so-called same-sex marriage ... is not a matter of civil rights; it is a matter of morality. ... There is no justification to redefine what marriage is."^{[1] [201]}
• 1999 – Some members of Affirmation staged a protest in Salt Lake City over the church's lobbying and funding of anti-same-sex-marriage initiatives in California and other states.^[202]
• 1999 – Director of BYU's World Family Policy Center Kathryn Balmforth addressed the World Congress of Families in Geneva.^{[203] [204]} In her speech she stated that gay rights activists are part of an anti-family movement that is hijacking human rights by legal force to gain power and "curtail the freedom of most of humanity."^[205]

2000s

• 2002 – With heavy influence from the LDS Church, Nevada state's Question 2 on amending the state constitution to ban same-sex marriage passed on the 5th after also winning a majority vote in the general elections two-years prior. A Nevada Mormon newspaper Beehive first reported the Coalition for the Protection of Marriage's intent to file an initiative petition in December 1999. The coalition raised over $800,000 by October 2000 from mostly Mormon-owned businesses and LDS individuals.^[206] Mormon leaders had strongly encouraged members through letters with church letterhead to do campaign work and post yard signs distributed at church buildings.^{[207] [208]}
• 2004 – In May the church spokesperson stated the church had no position on Utah's proposed anti-same-sex-marriage amendment.^{[209] [1]} Polls showed 68% of Utah Latter-day Saints supported the amendment.^{[210] [1]} Then the First Presidency issued a July 7 statement saying the church favors a constitutional amendment barring the legal status of any marriage outside one between one man and one woman, but did not mention any amendment by name.^{[1] [211] [212]} A few months later on October 19 they expounded this stance to reference a national amendment.^[213] The letter states that the church reaches out with understanding and respect for homosexual persons and realizes there may be great loneliness in their lives, but defend their stance.^{[47] [214]}
• 2004 – Church president Gordon Hinckley gave an interview in which he did not support same-sex civil unions and spoke against same-sex marriage. He also stated that gay people have a problem that the church wants to help them solve, though, he said he did not know if they were born with this problem.^[215]
• 2005 – The church published an article tying the term gender confusion to homosexuality stating, "If governments were to alter the moral climate by legitimizing same-sex marriages, gender confusion would increase, particularly among children, and this would further blur the line between good and evil."^{[216] [217]}
• 2005 – Shortly after Provo High School students started the first gay-straight alliance in the nearly 90% Mormon Utah County,^[218] LDS state Senator Chris Buttars^[219] announced a controversial bill to ban gay-straight alliances in Utah public schools.^[220]
• 2006 – The church published an extensive April interview^[221] with Oaks and Lance B. Wickman to clarify the church's stance on homosexuality.^[222] In the interview, Wickman states that giving even same-sex civil unions and domestic partnerships the same government rights given to opposite-sex marriage would not be appropriate.^{[43] [223]}
• 2006 – In April Apostle Russell M. Nelson signed a letter with other religious leaders urging the US government to pass an amendment banning same-sex marriage. On May 25 the First Presidency released another statement supporting the amendment and urging members to contact their senators.^[224]
• 2006 – BYU fired adjunct professor Jeffrey Nielsen for writing an opinion piece^[225] in support of same-sex marriage.^{[41] [226] [227]}
• 2007 – Seventy Bruce C. Hafen addressed the 4th World Congress of Families in Poland on same-sex marriage.^{[228] [229]} Additionally, BYU Law professor Lynn D. Wardle presented and compared his warnings "tragic consequences" and "dangers of legalizing same-sex marriage" as the warnings of a Hungarian man warning Elie Wiesel's town about the dangers the incoming Nazis posed to the Jewish population there. He also stated that if same-sex marriages were legalized there would be no basis to deny polygamous or incestuous marriages, and a decreased ability to "protect their children from exposure to gay propaganda."^{[230] [231]}
• 2008 – The First Presidency again urged California members to do all they can by giving effort and time to help pass a state amendment banning same-sex marriage in a June 29 letter.^{[94] [232]} A few months later Apostles Ballard and Cook and L. Whitney Clayton gave an October 8 satellite broadcast^[233] to all California members titled "The Divine Institution of Marriage Broadcast." In the broadcast they asked members to donate four hours per week and to set aside Saturdays morning to calling people and other efforts supporting the passage of Prop 8. They clarified that tolerance does not mean tolerating transgression, and noted the existence of temple-worthy members attracted to the same sex. Additionally, a video^[234] of Apostle Bednar answering youth's questions was shown from the church's official website PreservingMarriage.org.^[235] Members were directed to register on the coalition website ProtectMarriage.com.^{[236] [237] [238]}
• November – The Courage Campaign produced a controversial California-aired television ad depicting Mormon missionaries invading a lesbian couple's house and taking their rings and marriage license.^{[239] [240] [241]} The ad elicited a statement from a church spokesperson.^[242] The group also created a petition asking the LDS church to stop funding and advocating for Prop 8 which gained over 16,000 signatures.^[243]
• 2008 – After the 4 November 2008 close passing of California's Prop 8 banning same-sex marriage in which the LDS church was heavily involved, over two thousand protesters gathered at the Los Angeles LDS temple on November 6. The next day nearly five thousand protesters gathered at the Salt Lake Temple.^{[244] [68] [67] [245]} That evening a candlelight vigil by about 600 mothers of LGBT children was also held at the Salt Lake Temple.^{[69] [70]}
• 2008 – Seventy L. Whitney Clayton stated that the church does not oppose benefits like health insurance and property rights for same-sex civil unions or domestic partnerships.^[246]
• 2008 – A chapter of an activist group called for vandalizing LDS meetinghouses in response to their political involvement with Prop 8.^{[247] [248]} Some Bash Back! members spray painted slogans chapels and put glue in the locks.^[248] More moderate gay rights groups condemned the actions of the Bash Back! group.
• 2009 – After anti-gay comments he made in a documentary interview became public, LDS bishop and state senator Chris Buttars was removed from a Senate committee for breaking an agreement with Senate leaders not to publicly speak on LGBT topics.^{[249] [250] [251]} He stated gay marriage was a "combination of abominations" that would never come to Utah because of his power and influence, and that he had consulted with other states on using Utah as a model for blocking "protection for the gays".^{[252] [253] [254]}
• 2009 – Then apostle Russell M. Nelson spoke against same-sex marriage at the World Congress of Families held in Amsterdam.^{[255] [256]}
• 2009 – Church PR director Michael Otterson gave a statement at a Salt Lake City Council hearing in support of a proposed city anti-discrimination ordinance which would protect LGBT individuals.^[257]

2010s

• 2010 – The documentary on LDS involvement with California's 2008 Prop 8 debuts at Utah's Sundance Film Festival.^{[258] [259]}
• 2010 – In a special meeting for some Oakland, California members it was reported that church Seventy and historian Marlin K. Jensen apologized to straight and gay members for their pain from the California Prop 8 campaign and some other church actions around homosexuality.^{[51] [52] [53]}
• 2010 – Boyd K. Packer delivered an October conference address stating that "qualifies according to the definition as a revelation", and described same-sex marriage as one of "Satan's many substitutes or counterfeits for marriage".^{[11] [260] [261]}
• 2010 – Apostle Packer delivered an October conference address stating that qualified as a revelation.^[262]
• 2011 – A BYU law student published the book Homosexuality: A Straight BYU Student’s Perspective^{[263] [264] [265]} containing arguments in favor of same-sex marriage for which he stated he was threatened with expulsion.^{[266] [267] [268]}
• 2011 – Celibate gay Mormon Drew Call was denied his temple recommend renewal and fired from his LDS church printing office job for refusing to give up his gay friends.^{[35] [269] [43]}
• 2011 – BYU fired a gay broadcasting department faculty member. The employee stated that BYU had become an increasingly hostile work environment^[37] and that being gay played into his being fired.
• 2012 – The apostle Oaks stated that members should assume that children of same-sex couples face the same disadvantages of single and unmarried parents.^{[270] [271]}
• 2012 – LDS public affairs leader Bill Evans met with several high-profile LGBT activists in Salt Lake City at the Alta Club including the national Human Rights Campaign director, Dustin Lance Black, Bruce Bastian, the Utah Pride Center director, and the director of Mormons Building Bridges.^[1]
• 2013 – Apostle Russell Nelson gave a speech discussing the controversy around same-sex marriage and church teachings. He admonished members to gain understanding of the church's position through prayer, pondering, and listening to conference.^[272]
• 2013 – On the 20th same-sex marriages became legally recognized in Utah and within two hours the first same-sex couple was married. They were two former Mormons, medical researcher Michael Ferguson^[273] and historian Seth Anderson.^{[128] [274] [275]}
• 2013 – On Christmas Eve Leisha and Amanda LaCrone became the first same-sex couple married in San Pete County, Utah, after being illegally denied the day before.^[276] They came from LDS backgrounds, and later reported being harassed by LDS leaders over a disciplinary council in 2016.^{[277] [278] [279]}
• 2013 – Apostle Russell M. Nelson gave a CES devotional discussing the debate around same-sex marriage.^[272]
• 2013 – On the 20th of December same-sex marriages became legally recognized in Utah and within two hours the first same-sex couple was married. They were two former Mormons, medical researcher Michael Ferguson^[273] and historian Seth Anderson.^{[128] [274] [275]}
• 2014 – A letter on same-sex marriage was sent to all congregational leaders to be shared with members. The letter reiterated church stances and urged members to review the Family Proclamation and called for "kindness and civility" for supporters of same-sex marriage.^[280]
• 2014 – An amicus brief was filed by the church with the US Tenth Circuit Court in defense of Utah's recently overturned Amendment 3 banning same-sex marriage in the state. The brief summarized the church's stance on marriage while stating that the church held no "anti-homosexual animus".^{[281] [282] [283]}
• 2014 – A former bishop Kevin Kloosterman, who had received media attention for speaking out for LGBT Mormons while a current bishop,^{[284] [285] [286]} received further coverage for being denied entrance to the temple by his bishop as directed by a church seventy in part because of his support of same-sex marriage.^[287]
• 2014 – Another amicus brief on a same-sex marriage case was filed on by the church, this time encouraging the U.S. Supreme Court to hear Utah's Kitchen v. Herbert.^{[288] [289]}
• 2014 – BYU student Curtis Penfold who had been at the university for over two years was kicked out of his apartment, fired from his job, and expulsed from BYU after disagreeing with LDS teachings on LGBT rights.^{[290] [291] [292]}
• 2014 – The apostle Eyring stated at an international colloquium on marriage in the Vatican that "We want our voice to be heard against all of the counterfeit and alternative lifestyles that try to replace the family organization". His statement was quoted in the April 2015 general conference by Apostle Tom Perry.^[293]
• 2015 – Church leaders held a "Fairness for All" news conference on January 27 supporting LGBT non-discrimination laws for housing and employment that would also protect religious individuals.^[294] Apostle Christofferson called for a balance between religious freedom and LGBT rights. Apostle Oaks followed stating that the church rejects persecution based on gender or sexual orientation and called for legislation protecting religious freedoms and LGBT citizens in housing, employment, and public accommodations. Apostle Holland closed outlining the church's stance on religious freedom.^{[295] [296] [297]}
• 2015 – In early March the church released a public statement^[298] and employed its lobbyists^[299] to garner support for a proposed nondiscrimination and religious rights bill which would grant housing and employment protection for LGBT persons in Utah. Though similar bills had failed 6 times before,^[300] SB 296 was passed on March 11 and another statement of church approval was released.^[301] the new law (nicknamed the "Utah Compromise")^[302] passed and was praised by many.^{[303] [304]}
• 2015 – Prominent gay member Josh Weed (who received media attention when he came out in 2012) and his wife stated their support for same-sex marriage when quotes from them were used without permission in an amicus brief opposing it ahead of the oral arguments in the Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges case.^{[305] [306] [307]}
• 2015 – After a disciplinary council on February 10, John Dehlin was excommunicated from the LDS church in part because of his visible advocacy for same-sex marriage,^{[308] [309] [310]} and his stake president had previously stated that, "if you come out openly in support of [same-sex marriage] that is a problem."^[311] An appeal was denied by the church's highest authority.^[312]
• 2015 – The apostle Christofferson gave an interview in which he acknowledged the diversity of sociopolitical views among church members and stated that advocating for same-sex marriage on social media or holding political beliefs differing from official church stances would not threaten a member's standing in the church, though, he said the church would never accept same-sex marriage.^{[313] [314] [315]}
• 2015 – The church filed an amicus brief with the Sixth Circuit Court on a pending consolidated same-sex case stating that allowing same-sex marriage would "impede the ability of religious people to participate fully as equal citizens".^{[316] [317] [318]}
• 2015 – Three days after the US Supreme Court ruled in favor of same-sex marriage the First Presidency sent a letter to be read to every US congregation affirming changing US law would not change God's moral law. The letter clarified that leaders should not perform same-sex marriages, and that any church property cannot be used for activities related to same-sex marriages.^{[319] [320]}
• 2015 – D. Todd Christofferson stated that members who openly supported LGBT marriage would not be excommunicated.^[321]
• 2015 – Top church leaders sent out another letter to be read in all US congregations reaffirming the church's position on marriage and calling for civility.^[322]
• 2015 – A church statement is released saying leaders are "deeply troubled" and re-evaluating its scouting program, as a Boy Scouts of America (BSA) policy change permits openly gay scout leaders.^[323] A later announcement said the church will stay in the BSA program, despite the change.^[324]
• 2015 – Presidency of the Seventy member Rasband gave a BYU address (later reprinted in the Ensign)^[325] in which he addressed concerns about the church's involvement in politics. He shared hypothetical stories of a man fired for being gay and a woman marginalized at work for being Mormon and bemoaned that it is less politically correct to empathize with the religious woman. He invited listeners to discuss LGBT rights and religious freedom and to write comments on his Facebook post.^{[326] [327]}
• 2015 – Apostle Dallin H. Oaks publicly disagreed with refusing gay marriages in violation of the recent supreme court ruling.^[328] Days later at the World Congress of Families, apostle Russell Ballard urged tolerance for the opposition.^[329]
• 2015 – An update letter to leaders for the Church Handbook was leaked banning a "child of a parent living in a same-gender relationship" from several ordinances. The policy update also added that entering a same-sex marriage as a type of "apostasy", mandating a disciplinary council.^{[330] [12]} A few days later around 1,500 members gathered across from the Church Office Building to submit their resignation letters in response to the policy change with thousands more resigning online in the weeks after^{[331] [332] [333] [14]}
• 2015 – Utah married couple April Hoagland and Beckie Peirce were denied guardian rights over their foster child because of their sexual orientation by BYU graduate,^[334] former stake presidency counselor,^[335] and Mormon bishop^[336] judge Scott Johansen, leading to calls for his impeachment and resulting in his retirement.^[337]
• 2016 – BYU and church policies on LGBT persons got the spotlight^{[338] [339]} as these served as a deterrent in their football team being considered as a Fall addition to the Big 12 Conference,^{[340] [341] [342]} a consideration which was ultimately denied.^{[343] [344]}
• 2016 – Church spokesperson Dale Jones spoke against passing any LGBT-related laws which could affect the balance of religious liberty and gay rights.^[345] The statement was in reference to proposed Utah hate crime bill SB107 which would add sexual orientation to the current list of characteristics protected from hate crimes in Utah.^[346] The bill failed as it had in past years and its Mormon Republican sponsor criticized his church for its opposition to the bill citing the church's press release as the reason for its failure.^{[347] [348]}
• 2016 – In June the Mexican area authority presidency had a letter read in congregations around the country urging members to oppose the national legalization of same-sex marriage and pointed them to the political organization Conciencia Nacional por la Libertad Religiosa.^{[349] [350]}
• 2016 – After a court ruling, the parent company over one of the largest LDS dating sites, LDSsingles.com, was required to allow same-sex dating as an option.^{[351] [352]}
• 2016 – Young Women's General President Bonnie L. Oscarson gave a conference speech in which she stated that Mormons shouldn't avoid speaking boldly against Satan's lies like same-sex marriage out of fear of offending gay people.^{[353] [354]}
• 2017 – The Boy Scouts of America announced in January^[355] that transgender boys can join their troops prompting a wait-and-see response from the church.^{[356] [357] [358]} The church withdrew its support of the program for older teens four months later, though it denied any link to the policy changes around LGBT people.^{[359] [360]}
• 2017 – The church filed an amicus brief with the US Supreme Court over the transgender bathroom case (G. G. v. Gloucester County School Board) in which it opposed the interpretation of sex in Title IX as gender identity.^{[361] [362]}
• 2017 – SB 196 was signed into law which overturned the "no promo homo" laws which had banned "advocacy of homosexuality" while allowing for negative discussions in public schools. Former Mormon Troy Williams of Equality Utah was a driving force behind the change, and he stated that they had worked together with the LDS Church and the majority Mormon legislature to change the laws. One paper stated that the LDS Church was largely behind the reasoning for the laws and anti-gay culture of Utah.^{[363] [364] [365]} Similar laws were still enforced in seven conservative states mostly in the Southern US as of 2017.^[366]
• 2017 – An Ensign article by Seventy Larry Lawrence stated that "same-sex marriage is only a counterfeit" and quoted a canonized LDS scripture where Jesus^[367] warns that a counterfeit "is not of God, and is darkness".^{[368] [369]}
• 2017 – A Fourth of July parade in the over 75% LDS town of Provo, Utah,^[370] reportedly gave permission then denied entry the day before the parade to the new Provo LGBT Mormon resource center Encircle garnering national attention.^{[371] [372] [373]}
• 2017 – An instructor at the church's BYU-Idaho reported being fired after refusing to take down a post on her private Facebook page in support of LGBT rights.^{[42] [374]}
• 2017 – Minutes from a February 2014 Layton, Utah meeting for stake leaders were released without authorization in which the apostle L. Tom Perry stated that supporting same-sex marriage would "incriminate" members seeking to renew their temple recommend. The importance of opposite-sex marriage was stressed with the statement that Jesus and the prophets believed in it and that allowing evil like same-sex marriage to grow would destroy the basic family unit and bring calamities.^{[375] [376] [377]}
• 2017 – The Pacific area presidency sent a letter to be read in September in all Australian congregations which reemphasized the church's position against same-sex marriage and parenting and urged members to "vote their conscience" in the upcoming national referendum on the issue.^[378]
• 2017 – The LDS Church signs an amicus brief supporting wedding cake bakers discriminating against same-sex couples in a Colorado court case.^{[379] [380] [381]}
• 2017 – The apostle Oaks lamented the increase in public acceptance of same-sex marriage and acknowledged the conflicts with friends and family that opposing this acceptance could cause. He further stated that despite the conflict church members should choose God and the LDS Church's plan and way.^{[382] [383]}
• 2017 – Apostle Dallin H. Oaks speaks in General Conference about "The Plan and the Proclamation". He states that "Converted Latter-day Saints believe that the family proclamation is the Lord's reemphasis of the gospel truths we need to sustain us through current challenges to the family like same-sex marriage and cohabitation without marriage.^[384]
• 2017 – In response to a question about LGBT young single adults in the church, apostle Ballard tells BYU students in a campus-wide event that church leaders believe "core rights of citizenship should be protected for all people — for LGBT people, for people of all faiths," and that "reasonable compromises" should be found "in other areas when rights conflict."^{[385] [386] [387]}
• 2018 – BYU Student Life hosted the first church-university-hosted LGBT campus event.^{[388] [389]} It featured a panel of four students answering student-submitted questions.^{[390] [391] [392]}
• 2018 – After a controversy over BYU's policies around LGBT people, a conference for the US Society for Political Methodology was moved off of campus citing a "long-strained relations between the LGBTQ community and BYU"^[393] and concerns over the university's ban on homosexual behavior which the Society repudiated along with "the intolerance it represents."^{[394] [395] [396]}
• 2018 – The LDS Church released a statement in favor of the US Supreme Court ruling on the Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission case over a business owner who refused to serve a gay couple.^{[397] [398]}

• 2018 – Hours after agreeing to a non-discrimination clause in order to receive local tax funds the Provo Freedom Festival board denied LGBTQ groups a spot in the parade for the second year in a row sparking public outcry and criticism from Provo's mayor and Utah County Commissioner. One of these groups included a float of local Mormon LGBTQ veterans representing Mormons Building Bridges.^[399] After negotiations, the festival leaders decided to allow the groups to march.^{[400] [401] [402]} However, the day before the parade one LGBT group was almost forced out of the grand parade, and the groups were told they could not have rainbow flags.^{[403] [404]}
• 2018 – Church leaders' continued denial of BYU LGBT students' years of requests to form a club on campus received national coverage.^{[405] [406]}
• 2018 – The documentary Church and State—which highlighted the events surrounding the battle for same-sex marriage in Utah—debuted at the Broadway Theatre in Utah.^[407]
• 2019 – The November 2015 policy was changed to say same-gender marriage by a church member will no longer be considered "apostasy" for purposes of church discipline, although it would still be considered "a serious transgression".^[408]
• 2019 – Church president Nelson acknowledged that many countries, including the United States, had legalized same-sex marriage, but stated that God has not changed His definition of marriage.^[409]
• 2019 – The apostle Oaks stated the teachings of the Family Proclamation would not change, and that it's reference to gender meant "biological sex at birth" and that marriage can only be between a man and a woman.^[410] A few days later he stated, "our knowledge of God's revealed plan of salvation requires us to oppose current social and legal pressures to retreat from traditional marriage and to make changes that confuse or alter gender or homogenize the differences between men and women." and that leaders of the Church must always teach the unique importance of marriage between a man and a woman.^{[411] [412]}

2020s

• 2021 – In an address to faculty and staff at BYU, Apostle Holland called for "a little more musket fire from this temple of learning" in "defending marriage as the union of a man and a woman."^[413]
• 2021 – Businessman Jeff Green publicly announced he was leaving the LDS Church and donating $600,000 to the LGBT rights organization Equality Utah. Writing to the president of the Church, Green said, "I believe the Mormon church has hindered global progress in women's rights, civil rights and racial equality, and LGBTQ+ rights."^[414]
• 2021 – The U.S. Department of Education began a civil rights investigation of BYU to determine if the university's discipline of LGBTQ students violated the scope of the university's Title IX exemptions.^{[415] [416]}
• 2022 – The U.S. Department of Education dismisses the civil rights investigation of BYU regarding the university's discipline of LGBTQ students, determining that the university was acting within its rights under its approved Title IX exemptions and that the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights lacked jurisdiction to investigate further.^[417]
• 2022 – The church released a statement in support of the Respect for Marriage Act, a bill which would require the states and the federal government to recognize legally performed same-sex marriages.^{[418] [419]}

Notes and References

1. Book: Prince . Gregory A. . Gregory Prince. Gay Rights and the Mormon Church: Intended Actions, Unintended Consequences . 2019 . The University of Utah Press . Salt Lake City . 9781607816638 .
2. News: Ayers. Michael D.. When Mormons Go to Washington. Vanity Fair. 15 Oct 2012.
3. News: Barnes. Jane. There Is a Dark Side to Mormonism. The New York Times. 1 Feb 2012.
4. News: Grant. Tobin. Five things you should know about Mormon politics. Religion News. Religion News Foundation. 27 April 2015.
5. News: Mansfield. Stephen. The Mormonizing of America. The Huffington Post. 6 Nov 2012.
6. News: Harrison. Peter. The LDS Church and Utah Politics. The Huffington Post. 22 Feb 2016.
7. News: Davidson. Lee. How Utah's Capitol marches to a Mormon beat. The Salt Lake Tribune. 28 March 2012.
8. News: Canham. Matt. Mormon political clout in Utah: Republicans say it's about right, but Dems say LDS faith has too much. The Salt Lake Tribune. 17 Feb 2016.
9. Web site: Bernick. Bob. How Much Influence Does the LDS Church Have on the Legislature? Depends on Who You Ask. utahpolicy.com. 20 April 2015 .
10. Browning . Bill . 21 December 2021 . Utah billionaire leaves Mormon church with blistering accusation it is actively harming the world . live . . . https://web.archive.org/web/20211221140543/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2021/12/utah-billionaire-leaves-mormon-church-blistering-accusation-actively-harming-world/ . 21 December 2021 . 25 December 2021.
11. News: Winters. Rosemary. Mormon apostle's words about gays spark protest. 16 November 2016. The Salt Lake Tribune. 19 October 2010.
12. News: Bailey. Sarah Pulliam. Mormon Church to exclude children of same-sex couples from getting blessed and baptized until they are 18. 12 November 2016. The Washington Post. 11 Nov 2016.
13. Web site: Murphy. Caryle. Most U.S. Christian groups grow more accepting of homosexuality. pewresearch.org. December 18, 2015 . Pew Research Center. 12 March 2017.
14. Levin. Sam. 'I'm not a Mormon': fresh 'mass resignation' over anti-LGBT beliefs. The Guardian. 15 August 2016. 11 December 2016.
15. News: Hatch. Heidi. Millennial Mormons leaving faith at higher rate than previous generations. KUTV. CBS Television Sinclair Broadcast Group. 13 April 2016.
16. Web site: Same-Sex Marriage. LDS Church.
17. News: Beaver . Michelle . Mormon church has a fractured history with gays . The Mercury News . Bay Area News Group . MediaNews Group, Inc. . 11 Mar 2011. There are three levels to the heaven in which Mormons believe, and to make it to the highest level, one must be married. Perhaps the most sacred church ordinance is the temple marriage, a "sealing" between a man and a woman that is believed to be eternal, according to Richley Crapo, a Utah State University professor. There is no place for homosexuality in Mormon marriages, and no place for noncelibate homosexuals in the top level of Mormon heaven, unless that person has repented accordingly in the afterlife.. San Jose, CA.
18. News: Petrey . Taylor G. . My Husband's Not Gay: Homosexuality and the LDS Church . Taylor G. Petrey. Religion & Politics . John C. Danforth Center on Religion and Politics . Washington University in St. Louis . 4 February 2015. In the Mormon cosmos, as presently understood, there is simply no room for same-sex relationships. For Mormons, the afterlife consists of heterosexual pairs of divinized men and women. Often church leaders have counseled Mormons who experience same-sex attraction that their unwelcome feelings will disappear in the afterlife. ... [T]he very structure of heaven can only accommodate opposite-sex marriages..
19. Book: Quinn. D. Michael. Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example. 1996. University of Illinois Press. 978-0252022050.
20. Schow. Ron. Homosexual Attractions and LDS Marriage Decisions. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. Fall 2005. 38. 3. 133–143 . 10.2307/45227379 . 45227379 . 254393745 . 18 June 2017.
21. Book: Vance. Laura. Women in New Religions. New York University Press. New York City, NY. 978-1479816026. 19 June 2017. 2015-03-13.
22. Web site: God Loveth His Children. 2007. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
23. News: Harrison. Mette Ivie. Mormons and Gays: Where Are We Now?. 23 June 2017. Huffington Post. Oath Inc.. 18 March 2016.
24. Web site: Prince. Gregory A.. Science vs. Dogma: Biology Challenges the LDS Paradigm of Homosexuality. thc.utah.edu. University of Utah Tanner Humanities Center. 27 September 2017. February 8, 2022. March 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328232753/https://thc.utah.edu/lectures-programs/mcmurrin-lecture/PRINCE-MCMURRIN%20LECTURE-protected.pdf. dead. Video of the presentation.
25. Book: Schow. Ron. Schow. Wayne. Raynes. Marybeth. Peculiar People: Mormons and Same-Sex Orientation. June 1991. Signature Books. 978-1-56085-046-5. xxiv–xxvii. 26 May 2017.
26. Book: Young. Neil J.. Out of Obscurity: Mormonism Since 1945. 1 July 2016. Oxford University Press. 978-0199358229. 26 May 2017.
27. News: Mormon stance on gays softening. 26 May 2017. Richmond Times-Dispatch. 9 October 2013.
28. News: The Divine Institution of Marriage. January 23, 2015. LDS Church.
29. Bardsley . J. Roy . Area Residents Oppose Equal Rights for Gays . The Salt Lake Tribune . 9 Oct 1977 . A1 . Newspaper Archive.
30. Book: Winkler. Douglas A.. Lavender Sons of Zion: A History of Gay Men in Salt Lake City, 1950—1979. May 2008. University of Utah Department of History. Salt Lake City, Utah. 16 November 2016.
31. News: Mims. Bob. Most Mormons remain against gay marriage, new poll shows, but that opposition is fading fast; younger LDS support it. The Salt Lake Tribune. 1 May 2018.
32. Web site: Fisch-Friedman. Molly. Vandermaas-Peeler. Alex. Griffin. Rob. Cox. Daniel. Jones. Robert P.. Emerging Consensus on LGBT Issues: Findings From the 2017 American Values Atlas. prri.org. Public Religion Research Institute. 2018.
33. Book: U.S.Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Beliefs and Practices: Diverse and Politically Relevant. June 2008. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 92. Three-quarters of Jehovah’s Witnesses (76%), about six-in-ten Muslims (61%) and roughly two-thirds of Mormons (68%) and members of evangelical churches (64%) say homosexuality ought to be discouraged. .
34. Web site: Views about homosexuality. pewforum.org. Pew Research Center. 2014. Data also shown here.
35. News: Fruhwirth. Jesse. Man Fired from LDS Church For Refusing to Give Up Gay Friends. Salt Lake City Weekly. 22 March 2011.
36. News: Shire. Emily. Mormon U. Forces Gays to Be Celibate. 20 June 2017. The Daily Beast. 13 May 2014.
37. News: Stack. Peggy Fletcher. Openly gay BYU producer, filmmaker fired. 10 August 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 19 November 2011.
38. News: Haddock. Sharon M.. Homosexual Professor Planning to Leave BYU. Deseret News. LDS Church. 10 October 1995.
39. Book: Waterman. Bryan. Kagel. Brian. The Lord's University: Freedom and Authority at BYU. 1998. Signature books. 978-1-56085-117-2.
40. Gay Professor Leaves University. Sunstone Magazine. December 1996. 74. February 8, 2022. February 2, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180202140719/https://www.sunstonemagazine.com/pdf/104-67-77.pdf#page=8. dead.
41. News: Hollingshead. Todd. BYU fires teacher over op-ed stance. 11 August 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 14 June 2006.
42. News: Schmidt. Samantha. Mormon university instructor fired after Facebook post supporting LGBT rights, she says. 19 July 2017. The Washington Post. 19 July 2017.
43. News: Bracken. Seth. Living gay in the Mormon Church. Q Salt Lake. 14 April 2011. 8 February 2022. 7 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190907173435/http://gaysaltlake.com/news/2011/04/14/living-gay-in-the-church/. dead.
44. Payne. Seth R.. Mormonism and Same-Sex Marriage: Theological Underpinnings and New Perspectives. Journal of Catholic Legal Studies. February 2017. 51. 41. 50.
45. Web site: Jeppson. Buckley. Stances of Faiths on LGBT Issues: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons). HRC website. Human Rights Campaign. April 8, 2011. March 2, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080302190529/http://www.hrc.org/issues/religion/4988.htm. dead.
46. Book: Feldman. Noah R.. The Oxford Handbook of Mormonism: Mormonism in the American Political Domain. 1 October 2015. Oxford University Press. 978-0199778362. 1st. 12 June 2017. Handbook of Mormonism.
47. News: First Presidency Statement on Same-Gender Marriage. January 23, 2015. LDS Church. October 20, 2004.
48. Web site: Mormons Tipped Scale in Ban on Gay Marriage. Jesse McKinley and Kirk Johnson. The New York Times. November 14, 2008. February 14, 2012 .
49. Web site: California's Prop 8: LDS leader calls for healing the gay-marriage rift. Brooke Adams . The Salt Lake Tribune. November 5, 2008. December 20, 2013 .
50. News: Moore. Carrie A.. California's Prop. 8. Deseret News. LDS Church. 6 November 2008. When asked about whether Latter-day Saints who publicly opposed Prop. 8 would be subject to some kind of church discipline, Elder Clayton said those judgments are left up to local bishops and stake presidents and the particular circumstances involved..
51. News: Brooks. Joanna. Mormon Leader: 'I'm Sorry' For Hurtful Legacy of Prop. 8. https://web.archive.org/web/20140604154837/http://www.religiondispatches.org/archive/sexandgender/3437/. 4 June 2014. Religion Dispatches. University of Southern California Annenberg. 28 September 2010. During the one-hour meeting, thirteen gay and straight Mormons came to the microphone. ... Gay Mormons recalled years of prayer and fasting, attempted heterosexual marriages promising to 'cure' them, and Church-prescribed aversion therapy. Gay and straight Mormons spoke of how their families and neighborhoods had been divided by the Yes on 8 campaign. ... According to attendee Carol Lynn Pearson, a Mormon author and longtime advocate of LGBT concerns, Elder Jensen said, 'To the full extent of my capacity, I say that I am sorry... I know that many very good people have been deeply hurt, and I know that the Lord expects better of us.'.
52. News: Fletcher Stack. Peggy. Mormon leadership bids farewell to peacemaking progressive. The Salt Lake Tribune. 8 October 2012.
53. News: Welker. Holly. LDS Elder Marlin Jensen's Prop 8 'Apology': We Need Clarification. Huffington Post. 27 September 2010.
54. News: Montopoli . Brian . Mormon Church Fined In Connection With Anti-Gay Marriage Campaign . CBS News . CBS Interactive Inc. . 9 Jun 2010.
55. News: Winters . Rosemary . LDS Church fined for tardy financial reports during Prop 8 . The Salt Lake Tribune . 9 Jun 2010.
56. News: Lang. Nico. The WikiLeaks-inspired war for the Mormon Church's deepest secrets. 3 August 2017. The Daily Dot. 8 February 2017.
57. News: Adams. Brooke. Federal judge strikes down Utah ban on same-sex marriage. January 21, 2014. The Salt Lake Tribune. December 20, 2013.
58. News: Walch. Tad. LDS Church issues instructions to leaders on same-sex marriage. January 21, 2014. Deseret News. January 10, 2014. January 16, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140116171409/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865593905/LDS-Church-issues-instructions-to-leaders-on-same-sex-marriage.html. dead.
59. Web site: Neugebauer. Cimaron . LDS Church adds same-sex marriage to definition of apostasy. KUTV. 5 Nov 2015.
60. Web site: Brady McCombs . Mormon church issues rules aimed at gay members, their kids – Yahoo News . News.yahoo.com . November 7, 2015.
61. Laurel Wamsley "In Major Shift, LDS Church Rolls Back Controversial Policies Toward LGBT Members" National Public Radio, April 4, 2019
62. Daryl Lindsey "LDS Apostle: Policy on same-sex couples was revelation from God"
63. Peggy Fletcher Stack, "LDS Church dumps its controversial LGBTQ policy, cites ‘continuing revelation’ from God" Salt Lake Tribune April 4, 2019.
64. Web site: A Survey of LGBT Americans. Pew Social Trends. 13 June 2013 . Pew Research Center. 19 November 2016.
65. News: Rally against Prop. 8 held in Salt Lake . KSL . LDS Church . 2 November 2008.
66. News: LDS Moms Hold Anti-Prop 8 Vigil . QSaltLake . 3 November 2008.
67. News: Gay marriage supporters take to California streets. CNN. 8 Nov 2008.
68. News: Bates. Karen Grigsby. Gay-Marriage Ban Protesters Target Mormon Church. NPR. 7 Nov 2008.
69. Eskridge Jr.. William N.. Latter-Day Constitutionalism: Sexuality, Gender, and Mormons. Illinois Law Review. Sep 2016. 4. 1269.
70. Web site: LDS moms hold vigil against Prop. 8 . Budy . Blankenfeld . ABC4 . 2008-12-24 . 2008-11-02 . 2011-06-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110617012731/http://www.abc4.com/content/news/top%20stories/story/LDS-moms-hold-vigil-against-Prop-8/E81cQC526UaEWdX1G9N40A.cspx . dead .
71. Book: Stewart. Chuck. Proud Heritage: People, Issues, and Documents of the LGBT Experience. 16 December 2014. ABC-CLIO. 978-1610693981. 3rd.
72. Book: Oakes. Amy. Diversionary War: Domestic Unrest and International Conflict. 3 October 2012. Stanford University Press. 978-0804782463. 125. 1st. Young created a Mormon theocracy in the Utah territory: his 'word was law in matters both religious and secular.' He established a separate legal system and oversaw the selection of representatives to the territorial legislature..
73. Web site: Musser. Amos Milton. Papers of Amos Milton Musser: Private Journal. heritage.utah.gov. Utah State Historical Society. 17 April 1858. Almerin Grow has given me his daughter now twelve years old to raise. He has appointed me as her guardian guardian. Pres[ident] Young has given him a mission "to go south and never return." Though naturally smart, [Grow] has become immeasurably insane striking tokens of which are seen in his acts ... wearing his wife's clothing, etc..
74. Brooks. Karl. The Life of Amos Milton Musser. All Theses and Dissertations. 1961. 71. https://web.archive.org/web/20171127000619/https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5557&context=etd. 27 November 2017. BYU.
75. Book: Cannon. George. Sixty-Eighth Semi-Annual Conference. 6 Oct 1897. Deseret News Publishing Company. Salt Lake City, Utah. 65–66. 3 November 2016.
76. News: Immorality Deplored: President Cannon Pictures Existing Evil Conditions. 17 June 2017. 1. The Salt Lake Tribune. 7 October 1897.
77. Clark. J. Reuben. J. Reuben Clark. Home and the Building of Home Life. . 39. 12. December 1952. 793–794. ... [T]he crimes for which Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed–we have coined a softer name for them than came from old; we now speak of homosexuality, which, it is tragic to say, is found among both sexes. ...Not without foundation is the contention of some that the homosexuals are today exercising great influence in shaping our art, literature, music, and drama..
78. Book: Corcoran. Brent. O'Donovan. Rocky. Multiply and Replenish: Mormon Essays on Sex and Family. 1994. Signature Books. Salt Lake City, Utah. 978-1560850502. 29 November 2016.
79. Web site: Marcus. Eric. Morris Foote. makinggayhistory.com. Pineapple Street Media. According to the late journalist John Gersassi—whose 1966 book, 'The Boys of Boise: Furor, Vice and Folly in an American City,' chronicles the scandal—the police questioned nearly fifteen hundred Boise citizens and gathered the names of hundreds of suspected homosexuals by the time the investigation ran its course the following year. All told, sixteen men were arrested on charges ranging from 'lewd and lascivious conduct with minor children under the age of sixteen' to 'infamous crimes against nature.' Of the sixteen, ten went to jail, including several whose only crime had been to engage in sex with another consenting adult male..
80. News: Barclay. Donald. Coming Out in Boise. University News. Boise State University. 22 April 1981. 9.
81. Book: Gerassi. John G.. The Boys of Boise: Furor, Vice and Folly in an American City. 1 November 2001. University of Washington Press. Seattle. 0295981679. Reprint. The Boys. 30, 31. 'Of course, in Boise there's the extra element of the power of the Mormons ... The atmosphere is stifling, and the pressure to conform enormous. The city fathers or bigwigs take it upon themselves to impose standards for everyone else.' ... 'Of the sixty-five kids, thirty-five were Mormons ....' Butler did interview thirty-two of the sixty-five kids who were thought to have been involved in some way with the homosexuals. ... 'Most of the kids who had participated had done for a combination of kicks and rebellion against parental authority.'.
82. Book: Clark. J. Reuben. Sexual Sin. April 1957. LDS Church. Scriptures.BYU.EDU. 87. February 8, 2022. July 1, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150701201639/http://scriptures.byu.edu/gc-historical/1957-A.pdf. dead.
83. News: Tapper. Jake. A Brief History Of Gays In Government. ABC News. 6 October 2006. 1959 – Political thriller 'Advise and Consent' features fictional Utah Sen. Brigham Anderson driven to suicide when political enemies threaten to expose a gay affair from his youth..
84. News: Simon. Scott. At 50, a D.C. Novel With Legs. The Wall Street Journal. 2 September 2009. The man who turns out to almost unwillingly stand in the way of confirmation is an unflinchingly honest young senator from Utah who has concealed a wartime homosexual tryst. ... Drury's most appealing character is Brigham Anderson, the young senator from Utah. When Otto Preminger brought 'Advise and Consent' to the screen in 1962, the senator's homosexuality is called a "tired old sin.' But in Drury's book, Brigham Anderson is candid and unapologetic to those closest to him. 'It didn't seem horrible at the time,' he says, 'and I am not going to say now that it did, even to you.'.
85. News: Rich. Frank. Just How Gay Is the Right?. The New York Times. 15 May 2005. In 'Advise and Consent,' the handsome young senator with a gay secret (Don Murray) is from Utah—a striking antecedent of the closeted conservative Mormon lawyer in Tony Kushner's 'Angels in America.' For a public official to be identified as gay in the Washington of the 1950s and 1960s meant not only career suicide but also potentially actual suicide. Yet Drury, a staunchly anti-Communist conservative of his time, regarded the character as sympathetic, not a villain. The senator's gay affair, he wrote, was 'purely personal and harmed no one else.'.
86. Book: Sears. Brad. Hunter. Nan D.. Mallory. Christy. Documenting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in State Employment. September 2009. The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy at UCLA School of Law. Los Angeles. 5–3. From 1947 to 1961, more than 5,000 allegedly homosexual federal civil servants lost their jobs in the purges for no reason other than sexual orientation, and thousands of applicants were also rejected for federal employment for the same reason. During this period, more than 1,000 men and women were fired for suspected homosexuality from the State Department alone—a far greater number than were dismissed for their membership in the Communist party. The Cold War and anti-communist efforts provided the setting in which a sustained attack upon gay men and lesbians took place. The history of this 'Lavender Scare' by the federal government has been extensively documented by historian David Johnson. Johnson has demonstrated that during this era government officials intentionally engaged in campaigns to associate homosexuality with Communism: 'homosexual' and 'pervert' became synonyms for 'Communist' and 'traitor.' LGBT people were treated as a national security threat, demanding the attention of Congress, the courts, statehouses, and the media.. 2022-02-08. 2017-02-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20170206215755/http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/5_History.pdf#page=3. dead.
87. Web site: An interview with David K. Johnson author of The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government. press.uchicago.edu. The University of Chicago. 2004. The Lavender Scare helped fan the flames of the Red Scare. In popular discourse, communists and homosexuals were often conflated. Both groups were perceived as hidden subcultures with their own meeting places, literature, cultural codes, and bonds of loyalty. Both groups were thought to recruit to their ranks the psychologically weak or disturbed. And both groups were considered immoral and godless. Many people believed that the two groups were working together to undermine the government..
88. News: Heredia . Christopher . Joel Dorius—gay professor in '60s porn scandal . SFGATE . Hearst Communications, Inc. . 19 February 2006.
89. Web site: News & Events: Former Smith Professor Joel Dorius Dies . smith.edu . Smith College . 20 February 2006 . 8 February 2022 . 31 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181231023940/https://www.smith.edu/news/2005-06/doriusobit.html . dead .
90. News: McLellan . Dennis . Joel Dorius, 87; Educator Convicted, Exonerated in '60s Gay Pornography Case . https://web.archive.org/web/20180625180400/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/feb/23/local/me-dorius23/2 . dead . June 25, 2018 . Los Angeles Times . 23 February 2006.
91. News: McFadden . Robert D. . Joel Dorius, 87, Victim in Celebrated Anti-Gay Case, Dies . The New York Times . 20 February 2006.
92. Web site: The Great Pink Scare . pbs.org . Public Broadcasting Service.
93. Web site: Calamia . Don . Oh, those scary homos: PBS documentary traces 1960s gay witch hunt . pridesource.com . June 2006 . Pride Source Media Group . 1 June 2006.
94. News: Bracken. Seth. Through the Years. Q Salt Lake. 14 April 2011.
95. Book: Kimball. Spencer W.. A Counselling Problem in the Church. 10 July 1964. Brigham Young University. Provo, Utah. 1–21. 17 November 2016.
96. Mark . Petersen . The Improvement Era . No True Worship without Chastity . 4 Apr 1965 . LDS Church . Salt Lake City . 504 .
97. Web site: Petersen. Mark E.. The Dangers of the So-called Sex Revolution. scriptures.byu.edu. Brigham Young University. 19 November 2016.
98. Book: One Hundred Thirty-Ninth Annual Conference Report. 5 April 1969. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Salt Lake City, Utah. 65. 19 November 2016. November 19, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161119121926/http://scriptures.byu.edu/gc-historical/1969-A.pdf. dead.
99. Book: Brown. Victor L.. Wanted: Parents With Courage. April 1970. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, Utah. 31–33. 19 November 2016.
100. Book: One Hundred Fortieth Annual Conference With Report of Discourses. April 1970. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, Utah. 31–32. 2022-02-08. 2016-02-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20160222161635/http://scriptures.byu.edu/gc-historical/1970-A.pdf. dead.
101. Web site: Kimball. Spencer. Voices of the Past, of the Present, of the Future. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 18 June 2017.
102. Cook. Bryce. What Do We Know of God's Will for His LGBT Children? An Examination of the LDS Church's Current Position on Homosexuality. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. Summer 2017. 50. 2. 10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.2.0001. 190443414. free.
103. Eskridge . William N. Jr. . Challenging the Apartheid of the Closet: Establishing Conditions for Lesbian and Gay Intimacy, Nomos, and Citizenship, 1961-1981 . Hofstra Law Review . 1997 . 25 . 3 . 31 .
104. News: Idaho Repeals New Consenting Adult Code. The Advocate. 10 May 1972. 3. The new penal code enacted by the Idaho Legislature, with its liberal provisions on sexual conduct, has been repealed as a result of heavy pressure from right-wing groups and the Mormon church. Rep. Wayne Loveless (D-Pocatello), who spearheaded the repeal drive ... conten[ded] that the new code would encourage immorality and draw sexual deviates to the state. Loveless, ... is active in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day [sic] Saints (Mormon) .....
105. News: Selle. Jeff. Sheriff Mum After Meeting: Wolfinger May Pull Charter After Gay Ban Pulled. Coeur d'Alene Press. 29 May 2013. February 8, 2022. April 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404143408/https://www.cdapress.com/archive/article-bb0f8ba3-56fc-5adb-bc28-25ac662a5c5c.html. dead.
106. Web site: Painter. George. The Sensibilities of Our Forefathers: The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States. glapn.org. Gay & Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. 2001. In 1971, the Idaho legislature passed a new criminal code that abrogated common-law crimes and repealed the sodomy law. This law technically made Idaho only the third state in the nation to decriminalize consensual sodomy, but the repeal did not last long. The new code became effective January 1, 1972, but officials in the Mormon and Catholic Churches did not care for liberalization of laws against sex. After an outpouring of opposition, the Idaho legislature passed a law to repeal the new code, without passing a replacement, effective April 1, 1972. What finally came out of the legislature was a code reinstating the status quo. The law was passed only five days before the liberalized code’s repeal date (and, thus, only five days before the state would have been without any criminal code). The repressive code reinstated common-law crimes and the felony 'crime against nature' law with the minimum five-year penalty and no maximum..
107. Book: Eskridge. William N.. Dishonorable Passions: Sodomy Laws in America, 1861-2003. 1 May 2008. Viking Press. 978-0670018628. 176.
108. Oaks . Dallin . Dallin H. Oaks . The Popular Myth of the Victimless Crime. BYU . 27 March 1974 . Commissioner’s Lecture.
109. Oaks. Dallin. The Popular Myth of the Victimless Crime. The LDS Church Educational System Commissioner's Lecture Series. 1974. 8. BYU Press. I believe in retaining criminal penalties on sex crimes such as adultery, fornication, prostitution, homosexuality, and other forms of deviate sexual behavior. I concede the abuses and risks of invasion of privacy that are involved in the enforcement of such crimes and therefore concede the need for extraordinary supervision of the enforcement process. I am even willing to accept a strategy of extremely restrained enforcement of private, noncommercial sexual offenses. I favor retaining these criminal penalties primarily because of the standard-setting and teaching function of these laws on sexual morality and their support of society's exceptional interest in the integrity of the family..
110. News: Snell. Buffy. AF Law May Backfire. Daily Herald. 13 December 2011.
111. Rothman . Lily . 8 September 2015 . How a Closeted Air Force Sergeant Became the Face of Gay Rights . Time . New York City . Time Inc. . 2 June 2017 .
112. Web site: Miller. Hayley. 40 Years Since Leonard Matlovich's Time Magazine Cover. hrc.org. Human Rights Campaign. 8 June 2017. 11 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180911082416/https://www.hrc.org/blog/40-years-since-leonard-matlovichs-time-magazine-cover. dead.
113. Web site: Leonard Matlovich Makes Time . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090220032746/http://affirmation.org/memorial/leonard_matlovich_makes_time.shtml . February 20, 2009 .
114. News: Davis Man Found Dead in Vehicle. Ogden Standard Examiner. 10 March 1976. 11A. Newspapers.com. Carlyle D. Marsden was found in his car along Nichols Road dead from a pistol wound of the chest..
115. News: Weist. Larry. Homosexual Suspects Arrested in Utah County. https://web.archive.org/web/20171207042839/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11800445/byu_lgbt_raid_1/. Daily Herald. 16 March 1976. Newspapers.com. 7 December 2017. Eight men were arraigned in the Pleasant Grove Precinct Justice Court Mondy afternoon on charges of lewdness and sodomy stemming from alleged homosexual activity at the two rest stops on I-15 north of Orem. ... Two of the suspects were arrested and charged with an act of sodomy. One of them, a 54-year-old Salt Lake County man, died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chest two days after his arrest, according to Serge Moore, state medical examiner.. 1.
116. News: Weist. Larry. Homosexual Suspects Arrested in Utah County. https://web.archive.org/web/20171207042515/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15621258/carlyle_d_marsden_suicide/. Daily Herald. 16 March 1976. Newspapers.com. 7 December 2017. Funeral services for Carlyle D. Marsden, 54, of 1388 Nichols Road, Fruit Heights, who died Monday, March 8, 1976, will be Friday at 10 a.m. in the Kaysville 11th-14th LDS Ward Chapel ... Mr. Marsden was a music teacher at Eisenhower Junior High School and at Brigham Young University.. 4.
117. Web site: Carlyle D. Marsden (1921-1976). https://web.archive.org/web/20130408200025/http://www.affirmation.org/suicides/carlyle_marsden.shtml. affirmation.org. 29 December 2011 . Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons. 8 April 2013.
118. News: Relief Society Leader Hails Anita Bryant's Homosexuality Stand. The Salt Lake Tribune. 11 June 1977. B3. Newspapers.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20220208232011/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/10568417/. 8 February 2022. 8 February 2022. bot: unknown.
119. News: Relief Society Leader Lauds Anita Bryant. The Ogden Standard Examiner. 12 June 1977. 11A. Newspapers.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20171208215150/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15654594/relief_society_president_anita_bryant/. 8 December 2017.
120. Web site: Affirmation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060430002543/http://affirmation.org/memorial/historical_events.shtml . April 30, 2006 . .
121. Web site: Our History. affirmation.org. Affirmation.
122. Web site: Matthew. Prince. Affirmation/G.M.U. December Newsletter. uscs.edu. University of California Santa Cruz. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131204091223/http://people.ucsc.edu/~odonovan/1977_letter.pdf. 2013-12-04.
123. News: Petersen . Mark . Unnatural, without Excuse . Church News . Deseret News . LDS Church . 9 Jul 1977. 16.
124. O'Donovan . Connell . Affirmation: Singing the Songs of our Redemption, 1977 to 2007 . Affirmation 30th Anniversary Conference . 27 May 2007 . Holladay, Utah United Church of Christ . https://web.archive.org/web/20090218153219/http://affirmation.org/memorial/singing_our_song.shtml . 18 February 2009 . The LDS Church later invited Ms. Bryant to come to Utah for the Utah State Fair, and both Spencer W. Kimball, and the General Relief Society President, Barbara B. Smith, held news conferences praising Anita Bryant and her work to save America from 'the homosexual menace.' . dead .
125. News: Briscoe. David. Gay, Anti-Gay Pickets Parade at Anita's Show. https://web.archive.org/web/20171209060029/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15663592/protest_of_anita_bryant_by_bob_waldrop/. 9 December 2017. The Ogden Standard-Examiner. 19 September 1977. Newspapers.com. 6A. The lead marcher in the gay group carried an American flag. He was followed by The Rev. Bob Waldrop, pastor of the Metropolitan Community Church, who said demonstrators were grateful for Anita because she has made homosexuals 'come out of the closet.'.
126. News: Tear Gas Used to Disperse Utah Anita Bryant Protesters. https://web.archive.org/web/20171209060647/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15663674/tear_gas_at_anita_bryant_protest/. The Daily Herald. United Press International. 19 September 1977. Newspapers.com. 9 December 2017. 10. A crowd of 200 people attending a candlelight vigil to protest the appearance of singer Anita Bryant at the Utah State Fair Sunday night was dispersed by teargas but it was not known who released the gas. ... 'We want the right to live, work, love and contribute to society without being harassed,' he [Bob Waldrop] said..
127. News: Wetzel. Paul. Both Sides 'Greet' Anita Bryant. Newspapers.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20171209051946/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/11768360/. 9 December 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 19 September 1977. 19, 28. The Rev. Bob Waldrop, pastor of Metropolitan Community Church, led picketers opposed to Miss Bryant outside the fairgrounds. The demonstration was sponsored by a group called the Salt Lake Coalition for Human Rights. The Rev. Mr. Waldrop said. 'We want the right to live, work, love and contribute to society without being harassed. As long as Anita Bryant and her followers say we can't have that and call us perverts, then we'll have to continue our movement.' Pastor Waldrop led a vigil at 8:30 p.m. at Memory Grove which was attended by about 200 persons. The vigil commemorated the slaying of three homosexuals last June. The vigil included speeches by Rev. Waldrop, Bob Kunst, a gay rights activist from Miami. Fla., Shirley Pedier, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Utah and Rep. Jeff Fox, D-Salt Lake. The meeting ended at 9:30 p.m. with a candlelight ceremony. It was marred only by teargas, apparently from a cannister which dispersed those near the speakers platform shortly after the meeting ended.. First part available here and second part also archived here.
128. Web site: Meet the Gay Couple Who Made History in Utah. advocate.com. Advocate. 17 January 2014.
129. News: Dobner. Jennifer. Salt Lake City's hidden LGBT history documented in new book. The Salt Lake Tribune. 2 June 2017. Among the other historical treasures pictured in Anderson's book: ... Several pictures from the 1977 protest march and candlelight vigils held when former beauty queen Anita Bryant brought her Save Our Children campaign—to protect children from homosexuality—to Utah for a rally. 'I consider that Utah's Stonewall,' Anderson said, referencing the 1969 riots outside a New York bar, the Stonewall Inn, that was a haven for gays. 'This is the first time the [Utah] community gathered to protest in public ... the first time the community thinks of itself as having rights and fighting back.'.
130. LDS Leader Hails Anti Gay Stand. The Salt Lake Tribune. 3 November 1977. D3. Newspapers.com. ... President Kimball said adding the church has 8,000–10,000 bishops ready to counsel members with homosexual problems. The spiritual leader of almost four million Mormons worldwide said the church also has 'young men who have gone to college' who can provide professional aid to gays..
131. News: Kimball Praises Bryant. https://web.archive.org/web/20171208202437/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11800544/kimball_lgbt/. The Daily Herald. United Press International. 6 November 1977. Newspapers.com. 8 December 2017. 17.
132. Web site: First Presidency Reaffirms Opposition to ERA. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
133. Williams. Ben. This Week in Lambda History. Metro Magazine. 12 October 2005. 2. 21.
134. News: Vanderhooft. JoSelle. Bob Waldrop: Reverend and Publisher. QSaltLake. 26 May 2010.
135. O'Donovan . Connell . Affirmation: Singing the Songs of our Redemption, 1977 to 2007 . Affirmation 30th Anniversary Conference . 27 May 2007 . Holladay, Utah United Church of Christ . https://web.archive.org/web/20090218153219/http://affirmation.org/memorial/singing_our_song.shtml . 18 February 2009 . Bob Waldrop, a young convert and missionary recently returned from Australia, moved to California where he came out in 1975 and then became affiliated with the Metropolitan Community Church (or MCC) an evangelical church with a specific ministry for Gay people) in San Jose and decided to train for the ministry. About that time, Rev. Alice Jones of MCC Salt Lake decided to leave Utah and she invited Bob Waldrop to move to Salt Lake and take over her ministry, since he had an LDS background. He arrived in Utah in February 1977 and became the worship coordinator for MCC Salt Lake. . dead .
136. News: Rotunda Denied To S.L. Church. https://web.archive.org/web/20171204225636/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/10372435/. 4 December 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. Newspapers.com. 19 February 1977. Leaders of a Salt Lake City church Friday criticized Lt. Gov. David S. Monson for denying their use of the Capitol rotunda for a dance. The lieutenant governor-secretary of state replied that his information indicated the church has a number of homosexual members, and it would not be in the best interest of the state to grant the request. ... Asked if it was not obvious discrimination to refuse the facility to the Metropolitan Community Church, the lieutenant governor said, 'We have some obligation to see public buildings are used for purposes that meet the approval of a majority of the community.'.
137. News: Thomas . Jo . 75,000 March in Capital in Drive To Support Homosexual Rights; 'Sharing' and 'Flaunting' . . A14 . 15 October 1979. ProQuest. .
138. Web site: Our History . affirmation.org . Affirmation.
139. Web site: Brown Jr.. Victor L.. A Better Me, a Better Marriage. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
140. Swedin. Eric G.. 'One Flesh': A Historical Overview of Latter-day Saint Sexuality and Psychology. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. Winter 1998. 31. 4.
141. Book: Brown Jr.. Victor. Human Intimacy: Illusion & Reality. 1981. Parliament Publishers. 21–22. 9780884944416. This fashionable equation of homosexual liaison with heterosexual marriage is sophistry and contains its own fatal inconsistency. ... The temporary and fragile relationships of the ironically nicknamed gay subculture ... were interpreted as superior to the more disciplined, orderly lives of the heterosexual subjects..
142. Williams. Ben. This Week in Lambda History. Metro. 12 October 2005. 2. 21. 16. 4 October ... 1981 Ethyl (Randy Smith) and Friends for Gay Rights picket Temple Square during the LDS Conference after receiving permission to parade through downtown Salt Lake City..
143. News: Gay Activists to Picket LDS Temple. The Salt Lake Tribune. 2 October 1981. D6. A local organization of Mormon Gay rights activists have received permission to parade through downtown Salt Lake City, Sunday and protest LDS Church’s policies opposing homosexuality. Albert Haines, Salt Lake chief administrative officer authorized a parade permit for a group calling itself Ethyl and Friends for Gay Rights which plans to picket Temple Square during the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints semiannual conference.. Newspapers.com.
144. News: Group Marches for Gay Rights. The Salt Lake Tribune. 5 October 1981. B6. About 15 'Friends of Ethyl' braved cold temperatures to March from the Federal Building to Temple Square in protest of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints stand on homosexual rights. 'Ethyl', a drag performer whose real name is Randy Smith said ... he went through Brigham Young University’s aversion therapy program and that 'it hurt.' ... The group displaying signs reading, 'We are God’s Children', marched up state street to South Temple and then to Temple Square ..... Newspapers.com.
145. Reprinted at affirmation.org and quoted at illinoislawreview.org.
146. Eskridge. William M.. Latter-Day Constitutionalism: Sexuality, Gender, and Mormons. University of Illinois Law Review. 21 September 2016. 4. 1239. 2 October 2017. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20171002034310/https://illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Eskridge.pdf#page=13. 2 October 2017.
147. Book: Anderson. J. Seth. LGBT Salt Lake: Images of Modern America. 29 May 2017. Arcadia Publishing. 9781467125857. 61. 21 May 2017. When Ogden resident Clair Harward confessed to his bishop in 1985 that he was gay and dying from AIDS, the bishop excommunicated him and told him not to return to church for fear he would spread AIDS in the congregation. ... Harward passed away in March 1986 at the age of 26..
148. Excommunicated AIDS Victim Regrets 'Coming Out'. Walla Walla Union Bulletin. 13 January 1986. 5. 21 May 2017.
149. Williams. Ben. A History of AIDS Services in Utah. Q Salt Lake. 15 June 2006. 16. 21 May 2017.
150. News: Died Sunday of AIDS. Orlando Sentinel. 18 March 1988. Mormon Church officials excommunicated him from the religion after learning about his lifestyle. The Mormon Church views homosexuality as a sin in the same degree with adultery and premarital sex, said church spokesman Jerry Cahill.. February 24, 2022. December 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181219044233/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-03-18/news/0210010121_1_mormon-church-homosexuality-church-officials. dead.
151. News: Cutler. Joyce. Mormons Oust Gay AIDS Victim. 21 May 2017. United Press International. 11 January 1986.
152. News: Excommunicated and dying, AIDS victim regrets lifestyle. 21 May 2017. Santa Cruz Sentinel. 10 January 1986.
153. Web site: Hinckley. Gordon. Reverence and Morality. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 3 November 2016.
154. The Murder of Gordon Church. Q Salt Lake. 19 November 2009. 21 May 2017.
155. News: Morris. Michael. Williams. Lane. Wood is Sentenced to Life in Prison. 21 May 2017. Deseret News. LDS Church. 15 March 1990.
156. News: Burkitt. Bree. 28 years later: The story of Southern Utah student Gordon Church and his killers. 21 May 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 7 January 2017.
157. News: Gast. Phil. Utah inmate asks to die by firing squad. 21 May 2017. CNN. 9 Feb 2012.
158. News: Griffiths . Lawn . Mormons Confront Gay Reality . Edmonton Journal . Cox News Service . ProQuest . 10 November 1990. .
159. News: Braun. Stephen. Boy Scouts in a Knot of Disputes. LA Times. 14 July 1991. 23 November 2016.
160. Palmer. Douglas D.. Scouters Advocate Strong Defense. Deseret News. 26 June 1991. 23 November 2016.
161. Web site: A Century of Scouting in the Church. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 23 November 2016.
162. Web site: Featherstone . Vaughn . A Prisoner of Love . LDS Church . 4 April 1992.
163. Web site: Nelson . Russell . Where Is Wisdom? . churchofjesuschrist.org . LDS Church . October 1992.
164. Web site: Packer. Boyd K.. All-Church Coordinating Council Meeting. BYUI.edu. Brigham Young University-Idaho. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20200108153822/http://emp.byui.edu/HUFFR/All%20Church%20Coordinating%20Council--Boyd%20K.%20Packer.htm. 8 Jan 2020.
165. Web site: Oaks. Dallin. The Great Plan of Happiness. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 30 April 2017.
166. Piazza . Amanda Victoria . Spring 2016 . A Non-Peculiar People: Latter-day Saints and the American Family during the Twentieth-Century . Florida State University Department of Religion . FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1461268847 . 18 June 2017.
167. Web site: Packer. Boyd. The Father and the Family. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 30 April 2017.
168. Web site: Trying to Serve the Lord Without Offending the Devil. BYU. 17 August 2017.
169. News: Church opposes same-sex marriages . LDS Church News . LDS Church . Deseret News Publishing Company . 4 March 1995 .
170. Semerad. Tony. A Mormon Crusade In Hawaii Hawaii: Church Aims to End Gay Union. Salt Lake Tribune. 9 June 1996. B1. Retired Salt Lake City advertising executive Arthur Anderson was enlisted into the fight last November with a phone call from Mormon Elder Loren C. Dunn, president of the church's North America West Area. At Dunn's behest, Anderson and his wife embarked on months of volunteer work in Honolulu, mostly answering phones for Hawaii's Future Today, a group set up to lobby against legislative attempts at legalizing gay wedlock, gambling and prostitution. ... According to a statement from the Mormon Church's Salt Lake City headquarters, church members such as Anderson are responding to a plea by the ruling First Presidency to get involved as citizens. ... "The Church is indeed, politically neutral when it comes to parties and candidates and most issues," said the LDS statement. "However, when a political issue has moral overtones, the Church has not only the right but the responsibility to speak out and become involved." ... Pamphlets circulated at select Mormon Church meetings throughout the Pacific islands, urging members to support anti-gay marriage legislation pending in the Hawaii Legislature. Key statements were faxed to legislative committees, from LDS Church facilities..
171. News: Moore. Carrie A.. Church backing helps measures in 2 states. Deseret News. LDS Church. 8 November 2000.
172. Henetz. Patty. LDS Cash Carries Gay-Marriage Fight; Mormon Church has spent $1.1 million on ballot battles in Hawaii and Alaska; LDS Church In the Thick of Gay-Marriage Fight. The Salt Lake Tribune. 26 October 1998. A1. Newspapers.com. The church gave $600,000 to the political-action group Save Traditional Marriage '98 between Sept. 12 and Oct. 24 ... The church has also given $500,000 to a similar effort in Alaska, or 500 percent more than either side in that state's campaign had previously raised. The $1.1 million in church donations to political causes seems to be unprecedented..
173. Web site: Faust. James E.. Serving the Lord and Resisting the Devil. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 16 November 2016.
174. Web site: Stand Strong against the Wiles of the World. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 20 November 2016.
175. Book: Hinckley. Gordon. Teachings of Gordon B. Hinckley. 1997. Deseret Book Company. 978-1573452625. 263–264. 1.
176. Web site: Woolsey. Durrel. A Strategy for War. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS church.
177. News: O'Hara. Mary Emily. How Utah's Schools Went From Homophobic War Zones to Crowning a Trans Prom Queen. The Daily Beast. The Daily Beast Company LLC. 11 May 2015. In 1995, Erin Wiser was a 16-year-old student at East High School. Wiser, who today is a transgender man living in Portland but identified as a lesbian in high school, wanted to start a club for gay students along with his then-girlfriend Kelli Peterson. The two had attended a lecture at the local Pride center and were inspired after seeing Candace Gingrich speak. With the help of a supportive teacher, Wiser and Peterson formally applied for an East High School Gay-Straight Alliance club that September. In response, the Salt Lake City school district voted in February 1996 to ban all extracurricular student clubs—becoming the only city in the country to do so. ... Gay rights scared people. But how could anyone hate a couple of sweet-faced Mormon girls from Utah who just wanted to carve out a place to belong in high school?.
178. News: Brooke. James. To Be Young, Gay and Going to High School in Utah. The New York Times. 28 February 1996. B8. For Kelli Peterson, a 17-year-old senior at East High School here, ... her primary concern was intensely personal—easing the loneliness she felt as a gay student. ... 'I came out that year, and immediately lost all my friends. I watched the same cycle of denial, trying to hide, acceptance, then your friends abandoning you.' So last fall, she and two other gay students formed an extracurricular club called the Gay/Straight Alliance. ... Ms. Peterson, who is herself Mormon, says she is taking steps to formally leave the church..
179. News: Moulton. Kristen. Salt Lake City Students Walk Out In Protest Over School Clubs Ban 'Separate Church And State,' Some Demonstrators Demand. The Spokesman-Review. The Associated Press. 24 February 1996.
180. News: Dispute began at East High in 1995. Deseret News. LDS church. 20 March 1998. Feb. 23, 1996: East and West students walk out of school in protest. West students march on the Capitol; en route, a 16-year-old girl is pinned under a car and seriously injured. Students ask school officials to reconsider action..
181. News: Brooke. James. To Be Young, Gay and Going to High School in Utah. The New York Times. 28 February 1996. B8.
182. News: Collins. Lois M.. Panelists say church, state separate in Utah. Deseret News. LDS church. 8 August 1997. Grant Protzman, former state representative, LDS Church member and Democrat, described LDS Church efforts to affect policy as 'measured' and 'very limited.' The church does make a public statement on what it sees as key moral issues. And it does ask questions, which may 'seem like a red flag' to some lawmakers. But the dialogue is good, Protzman said. What some perceive as church control of the state could be chalked up to social norms, Protzman said. Because so many people in the state are LDS Church members, there's a strong sense of shared values and that does influence public policy. And Protzman acknowledged that much has been said in the name of the church by those who present 'an individual's private interpretation of doctrine applied to public policy.'.
183. News: Dockstader. Julie A.. Serving the community. Church News. LDS church. 20 June 1992. Grant Protzman, Young Men president of the Ben Lomond Stake, said it was hard work in a hot sun..
184. News: Gay club controversy turns into federal funding row. The Times News. Knight-Ridder Tribune News Service. 24 February 1996. A1–A2.
185. News: Florio. Gwen. In Utah, School Clubs Banned to Stop Gay Meeting. The Philadelphia Inquirer. Newspapers.com. 23 February 1996. But some Utah residents were aghast when they found out in the last few weeks that the law also applied to groups such as the Gay/Straight Alliance. 'I think that many legislators have serious concerns about the group's moving into recruitment of fresh meat for the gay population," said Grant Protzman, minority whip for the state House of Representatives.. See also this clipping.
186. News: Florio. Gwen. In Utah, School Clubs Banned to Stop Gay Meeting. The Philadelphia Inquirer. Newspapers.com. 23 February 1996. That's not at all what the club is about, protested Kelli Peterson, the 17-year-old East High School senior who founded the alliance to help her and her friends deal with a school atmosphere she found 'horrifying on the best days. ... I was getting beat up and harassed verbally.'. See also this clipping.
187. News: Sahagun. Louis. Utah Board Bans All School Clubs in Anti-Gay Move. Los Angeles Times. 22 February 1996. 'Going to high school when you are gay or lesbian is a miserable, lonely experience,' said 17-year-old Kelli Peterson, who founded the club at East High School in December. 'I know, I've been beat up twice.'.
188. Broberg. Susan. Gay/Straight Alliances and Other Controversial Student Groups: A New Test for the Equal Access Act. Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal. 1 March 1999. 1999. 1. 99,105.
189. News: Students Protest Gay Club Ban. Florida Today. Associated Press. 24 February 1996. A4.
190. News: Florio. Gwen. School-Club Access Law Comes Back to Haunt. Tallahassee Democrat. 25 February 1996. 7A. A group called SAFE—Students Against Faggots Everywhere—has since formed at West High School, one of three schools that will be affected by the new ban .....
191. News: Gay Professor Leaves BYU for Position at WSU. Deseret News. Associated Press. LDS Church. 18 August 1996.
192. News: Smart. Michael. BYU Student Poll: Ban Gay Students. The Salt Lake Tribune. 22 March 1997. .
193. News: Disintegration of the family decried . LDS Church News . LDS Church . Deseret News Publishing Company . 29 March 1997.
194. Lattin. Don. Musings of the Main Mormon / Gordon B. Hinckley. San Francisco Chronicle. 13 Apr 1997. 27 November 2016.
195. Book: Church Handbook of Instructions. 1998. LDS Church. Salt Lake City, Utah.
196. News: Moore. Carrie A.. LDS Church joins gay-marriage fight. Deseret News. LDS Church. 4 October 1998.
197. News: Mims. Bob. Church Funds Initiative to Ban Same-Sex Marriages in Alaska. The Salt Lake Tribune. 5 October 1998. Newspapers.com. We have 24,000 members of the church based in Alaska. It's a matter that members of the church in Alaska and people who share their views about the importance of traditional marriage as an institution feel strongly about. ... The church has always reserved the right to speak out on moral issues.... You don't become disenfranchised in our democratic process just because you happen to represent a religious viewpoint. - Church Spokesperson, Michael Otterson.
198. Hinckley. Gordon B.. What Are People Asking about Us?. Ensign. 4 October 1998. 16 November 2016.
199. Proposition 22 Dominates Wards' Attention, Divides Members. Sunstone Magazine. April 2001. 118. 92. 1 December 2016.
200. Olson. Casey. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in National Periodicals: 1991-2000. MA. Nov 2007. Brigham Young University.
201. Web site: Hinckley. Gordon B.. Why We Do Some of the Things We Do. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 11 November 2016.
202. News: Fidel. Steve. Protesters Target Church Activism in California. Deseret News. 4 October 1999. A6. LDS Church.
203. Web site: Scenes and Sayings from World Congress of Families II . byu.edu . BYU . Kathryn Balmforth, J.D., Director, World Family Policy Center.
204. Web site: 1999 World Family Policy Center Forum . law.byu.edu . BYU . Kathryn Balmforth, executive director, World Family Policy Center.
205. Web site: Balmforth . Kathryn . Hijacking Human Rights . https://web.archive.org/web/20160213211454/http://www.worldcongress.org/wcf2_spkrs/wcf2_balmforth.htm . 13 February 2016. Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society. The radical feminists, population control ideologues, and homosexual rights activists who make up the anti-family movement know as well as we do that they speak for only a small minority of the world’s people. ... Therefore, homosexual rights activists are again bypassing the democratic process and going from court to court, hoping to find a judge who will take it upon himself to create a 'right' to 'gay marriage,' which can then be forced on the citizens of the United States. ... The anti-family faction has targeted the human rights system because it is a direct path to power. The power they seek is the power to curtail the freedom of most of humanity and to do it, ironically, in the name of 'human rights.'.
206. Web site: McBride. Dennis. Question 2. outhistory.org. The New School. 2002. By October 25, ERN had collected just $35,077, while the CPM [Coalition for the Protection of Marriage] had raised another $865,931.41, most of which had come from Nevada Mormons, which it used to saturate the media with its message and to raise billboards across the state.
207. Web site: McBride. Dennis. Wholesome Hate. knpr.org. National Public Radio. 1 April 2017. But it was the Mormon Church that fueled the Question 2 campaign. The most effective way the church accomplished this was through direct solicitation, on church letterhead, of its members. One such letter from the Reno Stake Presidency read, “Prayerfully consider supporting this cause in one or more of the following ways: Campaign Worker/Volunteer, Yard Sign, Walk Neighborhoods, Contribution ...” The church also told its members to pick up yard signs as they left services, signs stockpiled outside the church or in nearby parking lots..
208. Book: Djupe. Paul A.. Olson. Laura R.. Religious Interests in Community Conflict: Beyond the Culture Wars. Sweet Land of Liberty: The Gay Marriage Amendment in Nevada. 2 February 2007. Baylor University Press. Waco, Texas. 978-1932792515. 51–71. https://books.google.com/books?id=xRI1K_-DIooC&pg=PA54.
209. News: Walsh . Rebecca . Amendment to ban gay marriage hits opposition . The Salt Lake Tribune . 13 May 2004.
210. News: Bulkeley . Deborah . Most back marriage amendment . Deseret News . LDS Church . 27 Jun 2004.
211. Web site: First Presidency statement: Constitutional amendment. LDS Church News. LDS Church. 9 November 2016.
212. Web site: Church Supports Call for Constitutional Amendment. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 9 November 2016.
213. News: Bush calls for ban on same-sex marriages . 9 November 2016 . CNN . 25 February 2004 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090515103309/http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/02/24/elec04.prez.bush.marriage/ . May 15, 2009 . mdy-all .
214. Book: Bryd. A. Dean. Setting the Record Straight: Mormons & Homosexuality. 2008. Millennial Press Inc.. Orem, Utah. 978-1932597448. 21 June 2017.
215. Web site: CNN Larry King Live: A Conversation with Gordon B. Hinckley, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 26 December 2004. cnn.com. Time Warner. 7 October 2017.
216. Petrey . Taylor G.. Toward a Post-Heterosexual Mormon Theology . Taylor G. Petrey. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought . Winter 2011 . 44 . 4 . 107–143 . 10.5406/dialjmormthou.44.4.0106 . 171451944 .
217. Web site: Strengthening the Family: Within the Bonds of Matrimony . churchofjesuschrist.org . The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . August 2005.
218. News: Arave. Lynn. Hardy. Rodger L.. 88% of Utah County is LDS. Deseret News. LDS church. 10 February 2003. 9 February 2022. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404113625/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/964130/88-of-Utah-County-is-LDS.html. dead.
219. News: McGregor. William C.. Buttars shames LDS Church. Deseret News. LDS church. 30 January 2006. 9 February 2022. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115155/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/635179839/Buttars-shames-LDS-Church.html. dead.
220. News: Bernick. Bob. Toomer-Cooker. Jennifer. Buttars wants to prohibit gay clubs. Deseret News. LDS church. 15 December 2005. 9 February 2022. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404103236/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/635168972/Buttars-wants-to-prohibit-gay-clubs.html. dead.
221. Dallin H. . Oaks . Dallin H. Oaks . Lance B. . Wickman . Lance B. Wickman . LDS Church Public Affairs staffers . Same-Gender Attraction . Interview: Transcript . Newsroom . LDS Church . Salt Lake City, Utah . September 2006. See also the Salt Lake Tribune archived transcript here.
222. Book: Givens. Terryl L.. Neilson. Reid L.. The Columbia Sourcebook of Mormons in the United States. 2014. Columbia University Press. 978-0231520607. 316–322.
223. News: Olsen. Jessica. Timeline. 9 February 2017. The Daily Universe. BYU. 20 January 2017.
224. Web site: First Presidency urges support of marriage. Church News. LDS Church. 9 November 2016.
225. News: Nielsen. Jeffrey. Op Ed: LDS authority and gay marriage. 11 August 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 4 June 2006.
226. Book: Wilson. John K.. Patriotic Correctness: Academic Freedom and Its Enemies. 1 August 2008. Routledge. 978-1594511943. 190.
227. Dickinson. Tim. Bigotry at BYU. 11 August 2017. Rolling Stone. 14 June 2006.
228. Web site: Hafen . Bruce . Lovers Do Not Live for Themselves Alone: The Social Value of Traditional Marriage . https://web.archive.org/web/20150925164335/http://worldcongress.org/wcf4.spkrs/wcf4.hafen.htm . 25 September 2015. worldcongress.org . Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society.
229. News: Hafen . Bruce . World Congress of Families . LDS Church News . LDS Church . Deseret News Publishing Company . 25 May 2007.
230. Wardle . Lynn D. . The Attack on Marriage as the Union of a Man and a Woman . North Dakota Law Review . 2007 . 83 . 1365 . 1365–1388 . February 9, 2022 . September 10, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150910211048/http://law.und.edu/_files/docs/ndlr/pdf/issues/83/4/83ndlr1365.pdf . dead .
231. Web site: Wardle . Lynn D. . The Attack on Marriage As the Union of a Man and a Woman . https://web.archive.org/web/20150925103355/http://worldcongress.org/wcf4.spkrs/wcf4.wardle.htm . 25 September 2015. worldcongress.org . Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society. If same-sex marriage is legalized on the principle of personal choice, there is no principled basis to deny those who want to call incestuous relationships 'marriages,' or polygamous relationships marriages, or polyamorous unions 'marriages.' ... In Massachusetts since same-sex marriage has been legalized there already have been numerous controversies about ... parents' rights to protect their children from exposure to gay propaganda. ... Although Elie Wiesel was one of the Jews who refused to believe the warnings [about the Nazis], yet he remembered gratefully Moishe’s attempt to warn the people. ... We too must speak up and get involved. ... Unless we persuade them now of the dangers of legalizing same-sex marriage, then they will naively adopt laws and policies that will cause tragic consequences..
232. Web site: California and Same-Sex Marriage . Mormon Newsroom . June 30, 2008 . LDS Church . May 6, 2021.
233. News: Excerpts from the Broadcast . 9 November 2016 . LDS Church . 8 Oct 2008 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20081107002327/http://broadcast.lds.org/newsroom/video/wmv/Prop_8_320x240_13Oct08.wmv . November 7, 2008 . mdy-all .
234. Web site: Bednar . David A. . Elder Bednar Speaks With Youth . PreservingMarriage.org . LDS Church . 9 November 2016 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20081107002327/http://broadcast.lds.org/newsroom/video/wmv/BednarEdit2640x480_13Oct08.wmv . November 7, 2008 . mdy-all .
235. Web site: Preserving the Divine Institution of Marriage. https://web.archive.org/web/20081011010124/http://www.preservingmarriage.org/. dead. 2008-10-11. October 11, 2008.
236. Web site: Protect Marriage - Yes on 8 » Home Page. https://web.archive.org/web/20081010125329/http://www.protectmarriage.com/. dead. 2008-10-10. October 10, 2008.
237. Web site: Church Readies Members on Proposition 8 . Mormon Newsroom . 8 October 2008 . LDS Church . 9 November 2016 . mdy-all .
238. News: Ballard. M. Russell. Cook. Quentin L.. Clayton. Whitney. The Divine Institution of Marriage Broadcast. LDS Church. 8 Oct 2008.
239. News: Haynes. Charles C.. When Debate Turns Ugly, No One Wins. Battle Creek Enquirer. https://web.archive.org/web/20180525071110/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20353373/courage_campaign_home_invasion_prop_8/. 30 November 2008. Newspapers.com. 25 May 2018. 9A.
240. Book: Duffy. John-Charles. Peculiar Portrayals: Mormons on the Page, Stage and Screen. 2010. Elders on the Big Screen: Film and the Globalized Circulation of Mormon Missionary Images. University Press of Colorado. 9780874217735. 140–141. 10.2307/j.ctt4cgr9g.8 . j.ctt4cgr9g.8. Another instance of Mormon missionaries as emblems of opposition to same-sex marriage is a controversial television ad produced during the Proposition 8 debates by the Courage Campaign, an organization lobbying against the proposed ban on same-sex marriage. The ad depicts two young men in white shirts and ties knocking on the door of a suburban lesbian couple. ... The missionaries then muscle their way into the couple’s home, confiscate their wedding rings, and rip up their marriage license..
241. News: Jacobs. Rick. Why we're mad at the Mormon church. Los Angeles Times. 8 December 2008.
242. News: Prop. 8 foes criticized for Mormon missionary home invasion ad. Catholic News Agency. 4 November 2008. Scott Trotter, a spokesman with the LDS Church, responded to the advertisement: 'The Church has joined a broad-based coalition in defense of traditional marriage. While we feel this is important to all of society, we have always emphasized that respect be given to those who feel differently on this issue. It is unfortunate that some who oppose this proposition have not given the Church this same courtesy.'.
243. News: Grigsby Bates. Karen. Mormons Divided On Same-Sex Marriage Issue. NPR. 30 October 2008. Rick Jacobs, founder of the Courage Campaign, presents the almost 17,000 signatures he gathered requesting that the Mormon Church stop funding and advocating passage of Proposition 8..
244. News: Thousands of Prop. 8 opponents protest LDS Church at Temple Square. KSL. 7 Nov 2008.
245. News: Garrison. Jessica. Lin. Joanna. Prop. 8 protesters target Mormon temple in Westwood. Los Angeles Times. 7 Nov 2008.
246. News: Moore. Carrie A.. LDS official lauds work for California's Prop. 8. 27 May 2017. Deseret News. LDS Church. 6 November 2008. 17 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170417163318/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705260852/LDS-official-lauds-work-for-Californias-Prop-8.html. dead.
247. Web site: Prop 8 Protesting Turns Ugly. KXTV. Sacramento, California. November 10, 2008. April 4, 2009. The Mormon church (just like most churches) is a cesspool of filth. It is a breeding ground for oppression of all sorts and needs to be confronted, attacked, subverted and destroyed..
248. News: Radical Gay Activist Group Plans More Disruptions . Tim Martin . Chicago Tribune (Associated Press) . November 20, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20091116125804/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2008/nov/20/news/chi-ap-mi-gayactivistprotes . November 16, 2009 .
249. News: Comments about gays cost Sen. Buttars his chairmanship. KSL. Deseret Digital Media. LDS church. 20 February 2009.
250. News: Morrow. Chris. 8: The Mormon Proposition. CNN. 2 February 2010. 9 February 2022. 3 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171203010933/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-402360. dead.
251. News: Winslow. Ben. Norlen. Clayton. Buttars broke vow of silence, senator claims. Deseret News. 22 February 2009. Controversial Sen. Chris Buttars was stripped of his Senate committee posts not because he went on an anti-gay tirade in an interview with a documentary filmmaker but because the West Jordan Republican broke a deal with Senate leaders not to talk about gay issues.. 9 February 2022. 19 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181219045631/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/705286667/Buttars-broke-vow-of-silence-senator-claims.html. dead.
252. News: Abplanalp-Cowan. Reed. Utah's Gay Marriage Ban. Worth it?. Huffington Post. 2 February 2016. ... Senator Buttars told me that day on camera that gay marriage would never come to Utah because of his power and influence. With the Book of Mormon sitting atop his desk, Buttars bragged about his consulting with other states seeking to use Utah as a model for blocking so-called 'protection for the gays.'.
253. News: Winters. Rosemary. Filmmaker says photographer wore BYU jacket in Buttars interview. The Salt Lake Tribune. 27 January 2010. Cowan is showing his documentary, "8: The Mormon Proposition," about the LDS Church's role in banning gay marriage in California ... ([Chris Buttars] also called gays 'the meanest buggers' and gay families 'combinations of abominations.').
254. News: Buttars Compares Gays with Radical Muslims, Will Take Down America. QSaltLake Magazine. 18 February 2009. ... [M]arriage is between a man and a woman and that's changed. Look around, look at all these combinations. Combinations of abominations as far as I'm concerned..
255. Web site: Nelson . Russell . The Family: The Hope for the Future of Nations . https://web.archive.org/web/20160205135735/http://worldcongress.org/wcf5.spkrs/wcf5.nelsonr.htm . 5 February 2016. worldcongress.org . Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society . 12 August 2009.
256. News: Fox . Doug . LDS leadership among presenters at 'World Congress' . Daily Herald . 24 September 2009 . Elder Nelson said that any attempt to expand the definition of marriage outside the traditional family 'weakens the institution of marriage as God defined it.' .
257. News: Taylor. Scott. Mormon Church backs protection of gay rights in Salt Lake City. 27 May 2017. Deseret News. LDS Church. 10 November 2009. 14 November 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091114055437/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705343558/Mormon-Church-backs-protection-of-gay-rights-in-Salt-Lake-City.html. dead.
258. News: Dobner. Jennifer. Sundance film focuses on LDS role in gay marriage ban. The Daily Herald. Associated Press. 24 January 2010.
259. News: Chaney. Jen. '8: The Mormon Proposition': Audacious look at church's role in gay-marriage ban. The Washington Post. 30 January 2010.
260. Web site: Packer. Boyd. President Boyd K. Packer - Cleansing the Inner Vessel. youtube.com. Mormon Channel - LDS Church. 23 November 2016.
261. Web site: Packer. Boyd K.. Cleansing the Inner Vessel. Mormon Channel Youtube. LDS Church. 3 November 2016. Quote starts at 9:00.
262. Web site: Packer. Boyd. President Boyd K. Packer – Cleansing the Inner Vessel. youtube.com. Mormon Channel – LDS Church. 23 November 2016.
263. Book: Homosexuality: A straight BYU student's perspective. search.lib.byu.edu. BYU.
264. News: Carmack. Brad. Time for same-sex LDS marriages. Salt Lake Tribune. 4 April 2012.
265. Web site: Long. Kristine. Brigham Young University Honor Code Office Investigation and Determination Report April 28, 2011. freebyu.org. FreeBYU.
266. News: Rivero. Daniel. Law student says he was almost expelled for writing in favor of gay marriage. https://web.archive.org/web/20160504002527/http://fusion.net/story/295265/law-student-says-he-was-almost-expelled-for-writing-in-favor-of-gay-marriage/. Fusion. Fusion Media Network, LLC. 4 May 2016. Yahoo! - ABC News Network. 2 May 2016. He expected he would have to make minor changes—not rewrite the book. ... 'I was basically threatened with removal from the university if I went forward and took a public stance in favor of gay marriage,' [Brad] Levin, 33, told Fusion, citing conversations he said he had with senior school officials. 'I was told that I had to change the contents of my book to be on the right side of the church.' After calculating how far back in life such an expulsion would set him, Levin relented, changing key parts of his book. Years earlier, he remembered, his brother was expelled from the school after leaving the Mormon faith, and it cost him severely.. Republished at Splinter News.
267. JoSelle. Vanderhooft. BYU student offers straight perspective on homosexuality. QSaltLake. 3 February 2011. February 9, 2022. February 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220209214724/https://www.qsaltlake.com/news/2011/02/03/byu-student-writes-book-about-homosexuality/. dead.
268. News: Zavadski. Katie. Lose Your Faith, Get Expelled at BYU. Daily Beast. 31 March 2015. [Brad] Levin began to doubt as he wrote a book about church doctrine and homosexuality. When it became clear to him that the church’s top officials, whose words guided his life for so long, were wrong on the science of sexual orientation, 'something snapped' inside him. And the research and critical thinking skills the university taught him? They were getting him in trouble. His academic conclusions did not adhere to church doctrine. He felt like roommates could turn him in at any moment. He ultimately published his book without the most provocative conclusions because of the difficulty of transferring graduate school work..
269. News: LDS Church Fired Drew Call Not For Being Gay, But For Having Gay Friends. Queerty. Q.Digital. 30 March 2011.
270. News: Green-Minder . Brittany . Conference reaffirms LDS positions on abortion, homosexuality . Fox13 . KSTU . Tribune Broadcasting . 6 October 2012.
271. Web site: Oaks . Dallin . Protect the Children . ChurchofJesusChrist.org . LDS Church.
272. Web site: Nelson. Russell. Youth of the Noble Birthright: What Will You Choose?. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 30 April 2017.
273. News: Dicou. Natalie. This Is Your Brain on God. University of Utah Health Sciences. University of Utah. 28 November 2016. [L]ead author Michael Ferguson, Ph.D. ... carried out the study as a bioengineering graduate student at the University of Utah.. February 9, 2022. February 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220209205946/https://healthcare.utah.edu/publicaffairs/news/2016/11/religious-brain.php. dead.
274. News: Ohlheiser. Abby. Jones. Allie. Levenson. Eric. From a Judge's Ruling to Husband-and-Husband in Under 100 Minutes. The Atlantic. Emerson Collective. 20 December 2013.
275. News: Whitaker. Morgan. Meet the first same-sex couple in Utah to get a marriage license. MSNBC. NBCUniversal, Inc.. 22 December 2013. 9 February 2022. 6 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200606231146/http://www.msnbc.com/melissa-harris-perry-4. dead.
276. Lowe. Doug. They Did! A Tale of a Marriage Ten Years in the Making. City Weekly. 2 June 2016. 33. 4.
277. News: Steinbrecher. Lauren. Same-sex couple claims LDS Church congregation harassed them over disciplinary council. Fox 13. KSTU. Tribune Broadcasting. 25 February 2016.
278. News: Ring. Trudy. Mormon Church Threatens Same-Sex Couples With Disciplinary Action. Advocate. 27 February 2016.
279. News: Teich. Isadora. FEATURED The Mormon Church is still harassing and threatening this lesbian couple years after they left the fold. DeadState. 4 March 2016.
280. Web site: Church Instructs Leaders on Same-Sex Marriage. Mormon Newsroom. January 10, 2014 . LDS Church. 10 January 2014.
281. Web site: Brief of Amici Curiae United States Conference of Catholic Bishops; National Association of Evangelicals; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; The Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention; and Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod In Support of Defendants-Appellants and Supporting Reversal. mormonnewsroom.org. LDS Church. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140311100220/http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/files/Amicus-Brief---pdf-/Kitchen_Amicus%20Br.%20Religious%20Orgs.%20(As%20Filed).pdf. 2014-03-11.
282. News: Cutler. Annie. Winslow. Ben. Wells. David. LDS Church, others file 'friend of the court' briefs in Amendment 3 case. Fox 13. Tribune Broadcasting. 10 February 2014.
283. Web site: Faiths File Amicus Brief on Marriage Cases Before Tenth Circuit Court. Mormon Newsroom. February 10, 2014 . LDS Church. 24 March 2017.
284. News: Oram. Bill. Mormon bishop says church responsible for gays' emotional wounds. The Salt Lake Tribune. 6 November 2011.
285. News: Kloosterman. Kevin. Op-ed: Queer Eye for the Mormon Bishop Guy. Advocate. 13 July 2012.
286. News: Gay Mormon Conference, Circling The Wagons, Explores LGBTQ Issues and Religion. The Huffington Post. 7 November 2011.
287. News: Laurie. Goodstein. Mormons Say Critical Online Comments Draw Threats From Church. The New York Times. 18 June 2014. Mr. Kloosterman, who was a bishop from 2007 to 2012, attracted headlines and scrutiny for an emotional talk he gave at a conference in Salt Lake City in 2011 apologizing to gays rejected by their Mormon families. He also lobbied for same-sex marriage in his state. But there were no consequences until March of this year, when, at a meeting, his bishop cited a Twitter post by Mr. Kloosterman congratulating the first gay couple to be married in Utah. 'Jesus would never do that,' the bishop said, according to Mr. Kloosterman. He said his bishop informed him that an Area Seventy church leader had weighed in on his case (Mr. Kloosterman declined to name him), and that leaders had been monitoring his Internet activity and knew he supported groups that disagree with church teaching. The bishop revoked Mr. Kloosterman's temple recommend .....
288. Web site: Five Faiths Urge Supreme Court to Hear Utah Same-Sex Marriage Case. Mormon Newsroom. September 5, 2014 . LDS Church. 24 March 2017.
289. Web site: Brief Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioners. Mormon Newsroom. LDS Church. 24 March 2017.
290. Web site: Green . Mark . BYU students to rally in support of same-sex marriage . fox13now.com . Fox 13 . 24 March 2013.
291. News: Piatt . Richard . Supreme Court rulings on same-sex marriage could affect Utah laws . KSL . Deseret News Publishing Company . LDS Church . 25 March 2013.
292. News: Fortenbury . Jon . The Health Effects of Leaving Religion . The Atlantic . 28 September 2014. Curtis Penfold got kicked out of his apartment, fired from his job, and left Brigham Young University all in the same week. ... "I felt so hated by this community I used to love," Penfold said. Penfold originally went to BYU to be around fellow Mormons. But over the course of the two-and-a-half years he spent there, he started to find the lack of LGBT rights in the church distasteful and was unable to reconcile the idea of a loving God with the evil he saw in the world..
293. Web site: Perry. Tom. Why Marriage and Family Matter—Everywhere in the World. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 30 April 2017.
294. O'Neill. Lorena. They Loved the Church. They Loved Each Other More.. Esquire Magazine. 24 June 2016. 9 December 2016.
295. Web site: Transcript of News Conference on Religious Freedom and Nondiscrimination. Mormon Newsroom. LDS Church. 20 November 2016.
296. Web site: Mormon Leaders Call for Laws That Protect Religious Freedom. Mormon Newsroom. January 27, 2015 . LDS Church. 20 November 2016.
297. Web site: The LDS Church's Statement on Nondiscrimination Laws. Equality Utah Newsroom. Equality Utah. 20 November 2016. 20 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161120153035/https://www.equalityutah.org/newsroom/item/196-the-lds-church-s-statement-on-nondiscrimination-laws. dead.
298. Web site: Utah Lawmakers Introduce Bill Balancing Religious Freedom and Nondiscrimination Protections. Mormon Newsroom. March 4, 2015 . LDS Church. 27 November 2016.
299. Davidson. Lee. Canham. Matt. Mormon church lobbying in Utah's Capitol—hardball or light touch?. The Salt Lake Tribune. 17 February 2016. 27 November 2016.
300. News: Dobner. Jennifer. Little-known history behind Utah's LGBT nondiscrimination law recounted. 27 November 2016. The Salt Lake Tribune. 28 March 2015.
301. Web site: Church Applauds Passage of Utah Senate Bill 296. Mormon Newsroom. March 12, 2015 . LDS Church. 27 November 2016.
302. Goodstein. Laurie. Utah Passes Antidiscrimination Bill Backed by Mormon Leaders. The New York Times. 12 March 2015. 27 November 2016.
303. McKitrick. Cathy. Utah's anti-discrimination bill hailed as a better way. Ogden Standard Examiner. 3 April 2015. 27 November 2016. October 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171007071740/http://www.standard.net/Government/2015/04/02/Utah-s-SB296-hailed-as-a-better-approach. dead.
304. Romboy. Dennis. LDS Church, LGBT advocates back anti-discrimination, religious rights bill. Deseret News. 4 March 2015. 27 November 2016. 27 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127214926/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865623399/Utah-lawmakers-unveil-anti-discrimination-religious-rights-legislation.html?pg=all. dead.
305. News: Ramsey. Nick. Mormons reconciling gay rights and faith. 13 January 2017. MSNBC. MSNBC. 15 June 2012.
306. News: Curry. Colleen. A Gay Mormon Man and His Wife Want the Supreme Court to Know They Support Marriage Equality. 13 January 2017. Vice News. 22 April 2015.
307. Dobner. Jennifer. Mormon couple object to inclusion in U.S. Supreme Court gay marriage case. The Salt Lake Tribune. 15 April 2015. 13 January 2017.
308. News: Goodstein. Laurie. Mormon Church Threatens Critic With Excommunication. The New York Times. 15 January 2015. The threat of excommunication did not come as a surprise to Mr. Dehlin .... In recent years, he has become an increasingly vocal critic of the church's prohibition on gay relationships and its opposition to same-sex marriage. He has conducted research on how church teachings have affected gay Mormons, and given a TED talk on being an ally to gay people..
309. News: Fletcher Stack. Peggy. Mormon critic John Dehlin is excommunicated. The Salt Lake Tribune. 12 March 2015.
310. News: Goodstein. Laurie. Mormon Church Expels Outspoken Critic: John Dehlin Says He Was Ousted for Backing Gay Marriage and Gender Equality. The New York Times. 10 February 2015. John P. Dehlin ... announced on Tuesday that a 15-member church disciplinary council had unanimously decided to excommunicate him for apostasy. ... Mr. Dehlin said the reason the church expelled him now, after years of monitoring his 'Mormon Stories' podcast and Facebook page, was his outspoken advocacy for same-sex marriage and the ordination of women as priests..
311. News: Excommunication of a Mormon Critic. The New York Times. 10 February 2015.
312. News: Opsahl. Kevin. Dehlin upset over church handling of excommunication appeal. The Herald Journal. 26 September 2016.
313. News: Woodruff. Daniel. LDS apostle explains church's evolution on LGBT issues, says members' politics may differ from doctrine. 27 November 2016. KUTV. CBS Sinclair Broadcasting Company. 13 March 2015.
314. Stack. Peggy Fletcher. D. Todd Christofferson, LDS Elder, Says Mormons Are Free To Back Gay Marriage On Social Media. Huffington Post. 17 March 2015. 27 November 2016.
315. Web site: Elder Christofferson KUTV. youtube.com. KUTV CBS Sinclair Broadcast Group. 27 November 2016.
316. News: Dobner. Jennifer. Mormon church joins other faiths in asking U.S. Supreme Court for same-sex marriage ban. 24 March 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 13 April 2015.
317. Web site: Religious Freedom and Fairness for All. Mormon Newsroom. 13 April 2015. LDS Church. 24 March 2017.
318. Web site: Brief of Major Religious Organizations As Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents. Mormon Newsroom. LDS Church. 24 March 2017.
319. News: Stack. Peggy Fletcher. Top Mormon leaders sending letter to members, reaffirming God's law against same-sex marriage. 23 June 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 30 Jun 2015.
320. Web site: Church Leaders Counsel Members After Supreme Court Same-Sex Marriage Decision. Mormon Newsroom. June 30, 2015 . The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 19 November 2016.
321. Web site: Mormons free to back gay marriage on social media, LDS apostle reiterates. Salt Lake Tribune. 28 June 2017.
322. News: Letter from First Presidency regarding same-sex marriage . . July 9, 2015 . July 31, 2015 . September 24, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141952/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865632247/Letter-from-First-Presidency-regarding-same-sex-marriage.html?pg=all . dead .
323. Mormon Church to 'Re-Evaluate' Relationship After Boy Scouts End Gay Ban . Sarah Begley . July 27, 2015 . . August 3, 2015.
324. News: Erik Eckholm . Mormon Church Will Keep Ties With Boy Scouts Despite Objecting to Gay Leaders . August 26, 2015 . New York Times . September 23, 2015.
325. Web site: Rasband. Ronald. Faith, Fairness, and Religious Freedom. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 24 March 2017.
326. News: Hales. Whitney. Provo LGBTQ support group reacts to Elder Rasband's devotional invitation. 24 March 2017. The Daily Universe. BYU. 18 September 2015.
327. Web site: Rasband. Ronald. Religious Freedom and Fairness for All. byu.edu. Brigham Young University. 24 March 2017.
328. News: Michelle Boorstein . Mormon leader speaks out against Kim Davis, urges balance in religious freedom disputes . October 20, 2015 . Washington Post . November 2, 2015.
329. News: Brady McCombs . Mormon leader: Promote 'traditional family,' but also have understanding for opposition . October 27, 2015 . U.S. News & World Report . AP . November 2, 2015.
330. News: Shill. Aaron. LDS Church reaffirms doctrine of marriage, updates policies on families in same-sex marriages. 12 November 2016. Deseret News. 5 Nov 2015.
331. News: Moyer. Justin. 1,500 Mormons quit church over new anti-gay-marriage policy, organizer says. 19 November 2016. The Washington Post. 16 November 2015.
332. News: Healy. Jack. Mormon Resignations Put Support for Gays Over Fealty to Faith. The New York Times . 19 November 2016. The New York Times. 15 November 2016.
333. News: Vazquez. Aldo. Thousands file resignation letters from the LDS Church. 11 December 2016. ABC 4 Utah KTVX. 14 November 2015. 4 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161204095110/http://www.good4utah.com/news/local-news/thousands-file-resignation-letters-from-the-lds-church. dead.
334. News: Moyer. Justin. Utah judge removes lesbian couple's foster child, says she'll be better off with heterosexuals. Washington Post. 12 November 2015.
335. News: New stake presidents. Church News. LDS church. 17 March 2012. Price, Utah YSA Stake: (Feb. 26, 2012) ... Counselors — ... Scott Nixon Johansen, 61, judge for the State of Utah; wife, Laurel Sitterud Johansen..
336. News: Utah judge removes himself from lesbian foster parent case. CBS News. CBS Corporation. 16 November 2015.
337. News: Utah judge retires after criticism in lesbian foster parent case. CBS News. CBS Corporation. 4 January 2016.
338. News: Trotter. Jake. The latest developments in Big 12 expansion. 15 January 2017. ESPN. 22 September 2016.
339. News: Mayne. Mitch. 'Groundhog Day' For Mormon Bigotry: BYU's Exclusion From Big 12 Highlights Discriminatory Church Policies On LGBT. 15 January 2017. Huffington Post. 10 August 2016.
340. News: Mandel. Stewart. 25 LGBT groups send letter to Big 12 urging it to shun BYU. 15 January 2017. Fox Sports. Fox News. 15 November 2016.
341. News: Judd. Brandon. In letter, LGBT groups say Big 12 shouldn't add BYU. 15 January 2017. Deseret News. LDS Church. 8 August 2016.
342. News: LGBT groups urge Big 12 to pass on adding BYU to conference. 15 January 2017. Associated Press. Fox News. 9 August 2016.
343. News: Drew. Jay. BYU athletics: Big 12 presidents say no to expansion, leaving Cougars outside looking in. 15 January 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 17 October 2016.
344. News: Trotter. Jake. LGBT groups: Admitting BYU would be 'inconsistent' with Big 12 values. 15 January 2017. ABC News. 8 August 2016.
345. Romboy. Dennis. LDS Church seeks to maintain balance of anti-discrimination law. The Deseret News. 17 February 2016. 11 December 2016. 11 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160911073417/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865647932/LDS-Church-weighs-in-on-proposed-Utah-hate-crimes-law.html?pg=all. dead.
346. Dobner. Jennifer. Mormon church warns against upsetting 'careful balance' of LGBT anti-discrimination law. The Salt Lake Tribune. 17 February 2016. 11 December 2016.
347. News: Mullahy. Brian. Mormon Senator criticizes LDS church, apologizes to state. 11 December 2016. KUTV. CBS Television Sinclair Broadcast Group. 18 February 2016.
348. Dobner. Jennifer. Gehrke. Robert. Senate kills hate-crimes bill; LGBT advocates blame Mormon church. The Salt Lake Tribune. 2 March 2016. 11 December 2016.
349. News: Stack. Peggy Fletcher. Leaders urge Mexico's Mormons to fight against push for same-sex marriage. 12 October 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 14 June 2016.
350. Web site: Presidente del Área México se pronuncia ante propuesta de ley de matrimonio del mismo sexo. saladeprensamormona.org.mx. LDS Church. es. Area President of Mexico Makes Announcement Before Proposed Same-Sex Marriage Law. 16 October 2017.
351. News: O'Neil . Lauren . Christian Mingle must let LGBT singles use dating site after losing court battle . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . CBC/Radio-Canada . 4 July 2016.
352. News: Dallas . Kelsey . LDS Singles and other religious dating sites must now serve LGBT singles . Deseret News . LDS Church . 5 July 2016 . 24 February 2022 . 13 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190513104949/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865657463/Christian-Mingle-and-other-religious-dating-sites-must-now-serve-LGBT-singles.html . dead .
353. Web site: Oscarson . Bonnie . Rise Up in Strength, Sisters in Zion . ChurchofJesusChrist.org . LDS Church . October 2016 . I worry that we live in such an atmosphere of avoiding offense that we sometimes altogether avoid teaching correct principles. ... We avoid declaring that our Heavenly Father defines marriage as being between a man and woman because we don't want to offend those who experience same-sex attraction. And we may find it uncomfortable to discuss gender issues or healthy sexuality. ... If we don't teach our children and youth true doctrine—and teach it clearly—the world will teach them Satan's lies..
354. News: Noble . Mariah . Defend Mormon teachings on marriage, family and sexuality, LDS women urged . The Salt Lake Tribune . 1 October 2016.
355. Web site: BSA Addresses Gender Identity. scoutingnewsroom.org. January 30, 2017 . Boy Scouts of America. 24 March 2017.
356. News: Noyce. David. Will Mormon church embrace Scouting's new transgender policy? It's assessing the issue. Salt Lake Tribune. 31 January 2017.
357. News: Smith. Mitch. Conservatives Alienated by Boy Scouts' Shift on Transgender Policy. The New York Times . 24 March 2017. The New York Times. 31 January 2017.
358. Web site: Church Responds to BSA Policy Announcement. Mormon Newsroom. 31 January 2017. LDS Church. 24 March 2017.
359. News: Cherelus. Gina. Mormon church cuts ties with Boy Scouts in US, Canada following Scouts' move to accept transgender boys. 19 July 2017. Business Insider. Reuters. 11 May 2017.
360. News: Zauzmer. Julie. Mormon Church will leave Boy Scouts' teen programs. 19 July 2017. The Washington Post. 11 May 2017.
361. News: Winslow. Ben. Utah, LDS Church file 'friend of the court' papers in transgender bathroom case. Fox 13. Tribune Broadcasting. 17 February 2017.
362. Web site: Brief of Major Religious Organizations as Amici Curiae Supporting Petitioner. scotusblog.com. Supreme Court of the United States.
363. News: Allen . Samantha . Utah Says No To 'No Promo Homo' Law, But Other States Lag Behind . The Daily Beast . The Daily Beast Company, LLC . 21 March 2017.
364. News: Barney . Autumn . Why 'No Promo Homo' Lawsuit is Needed . Daily Utah Chronicle . University of Utah . 7 November 2016.
365. News: Lopez . German . Utah just repealed a law that banned teachers from talking about gay people in classrooms . Vox . Vox Media, Inc. . 21 March 2017.
366. News: Tracer . Dan . Heard of "no promo homo" laws? They're still enforced in 7 states, and they totally suck. . Queerty . 8 March 2017.
367. Web site: Holbrook. Gordon. The Voice of Jesus Christ in the Doctrine and Covenants. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
368. Web site: Lawrence. Larry. The War Goes On. lds.org. LDS Church.
369. News: Lang. Nico. The long crusade: How the Mormon Church continues to war against gay marriage. 24 March 2017. The Daily Dot. 23 March 2017.
370. News: Clark. Jayne. It's the USA's happiest city, but is it worth visiting?. USA Today. 25 April 2014.
371. News: Valente. Dominic. LGBTQ Resource Center Excluded From Utah July 4 Parade. NBC News. Associated Press. 5 July 2017.
372. News: Harrison. Mett Ivie. Provo Freedom Festival Excludes LGBT Center. Huffington Post. 3 July 2017.
373. News: Neely. Karissa. Weeks later, Freedom Festival cites legal rights in defense of 11th-hour decision to nix LGBT group from parade. The Daily Herald. 18 July 2017. 24 February 2022. 3 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181203015523/https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/central/provo/weeks-later-freedom-festival-cites-legal-rights-in-defense-of/article_afe048f2-9e62-5242-a478-ec54c2bb28da.html. dead.
374. News: Brown. Ruth. Mormon university fires teacher for supporting LGBT rights on Facebook. 19 July 2017. The New York Post. 18 July 2017.
375. News: Avery. Dan. In Leaked Document, Mormon Church Leaders Say Gay Men Just Need To Be Taught "Manly Things". 10 August 2017. NewNowNext. Logo TV. Viacom International Inc.. 9 August 2017.
376. Web site: MormonLeak Releases Priesthood Leadership Conference Meeting Minutes. mormonleaks.io. MormonLeaks Newsroom. 10 August 2017.
377. News: Tracer. Dan. Leaked document reveals Mormon Church's method for 'curing' gay kids. Queerty. Q Digital, Inc.. 9 August 2017.
378. Web site: Pacific Area Presidency Sends Letter to Australian Latter-day Saints on Marriage and Family. September 12, 2017 . 12 September 2017.
379. News: Dobner. Jennifer. Mormon church, Utah senators lend their support to bakers refusing to make cake for gay weddings. The Salt Lake Tribune. 12 September 2017.
380. News: Romboy. Dennis. LDS Church, 22 Utah senators back Colorado baker in Supreme Court case. Deseret News. LDS Church. 12 September 2017. 24 February 2022. 15 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190515171921/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865688650/LDS-Church-22-Utah-senators-back-Colorado-baker-in-Supreme-Court-case.html. dead.
381. Web site: Brief of Christian Legal Society, Center for Public Justice, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod, National Association of Evangelicals, Queens Federation of Churches, Rabbinical Council of America, and Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioners. scotusblog.com. The Supreme Court of the United States of America.
382. News: Stack. Peggy Fletcher. Mormon opposition to gay marriage will never change, says apostle Oaks, citing 'statement of eternal truth'. 30 September 2017. The Salt Lake Tribune. 30 September 2017.
383. News: Top Mormon Leader Reaffirms Faith's Opposition to Gay Marriage. 30 September 2017. NBC News. Associated Press. NBC News Digital. 30 September 2017.
384. Web site: The Plan and the Proclamation. www.churchofjesuschrist.org. 26 June 2019.
385. News: Dodson. Braley. Elder M. Russell Ballard addresses LGBTQ community during BYU devotional. The Daily Herald. 14 November 2017. February 24, 2022. March 17, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180317041604/https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/education/college/byu/elder-m-russell-ballard-addresses-lgbtq-community-during-byu-devotional/article_e40cad36-4b7d-5729-b6b4-7f97e277150d.html. dead.
386. News: Holman Prescott. Marianne. Elder M. Russell Ballard tackles tough topics, shares timely advice with BYU students. Deseret News. LDS church. 14 November 2017.
387. Web site: Ballard. Russell. Questions and Answers. speeches.byu.edu. Brigham Young University.
388. News: Kerr. Emma. Inside Gay Students' Fight to Be Heard at BYU. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 22 May 2018.
389. News: LGBT students at BYU speak out about lack of inclusion. Seattle Times. Associated Press. 19 March 2018. Addison Jenkins, who spoke at the first LGBT campus forum last year, said the school took a step forward Thursday by hosting the panel, the Salt Lake Tribune reported ..
390. News: Tanner. Courtney. 'I thought I was the only queer person at BYU': LGBT students host panel focused on faith and gender identity at Mormon church-owned university. The Salt Lake Tribune. 15 March 2018.
391. News: Tribune Editorial: It's time for BYU to welcome gay and transgender students with open arms. The Salt Lake Tribune. 17 March 2018. On Thursday afternoon, BYU hosted a school-sanctioned panel discussion, with more than 600 people spilling out into aisles and overflow rooms, featuring four gay and transgender students who were willing to frankly talk about their experiences..
392. News: Reeser. Andrew. Student-sponsored LGBTQ forum explores challenges of being gay at BYU. Good4Utah. Nextar Broadcasting, Inc.. 15 March 2018. February 24, 2022. September 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180922030144/https://www.good4utah.com/news/local-news/student-sponsored-lgbtq-forum-explores-challenges-of-being-gay-at-byu/1049039659. dead.
393. Web site: Joint Statement on the 2018 Annual Meeting of the Society for Political Methodology . cambridge.org . Cambridge University Press.
394. Web site: SPM Statement about POLMETH XXXV . cambridge.org . Cambridge University Press.
395. News: Flaherty . Colleen . Political Science Group Apologizes for Holding Conference at Brigham Young . Inside Higher Ed . Inside Higher Ed Inc. . 17 April 2018.
396. News: Jones . Morgan . BYU remains enthusiastic to host the Society for Political Methodology's annual meeting despite controversy . Deseret News . LDS Church . Deseret News Media Group . 18 April 2018.
397. News: Noyce . David . Pierce . Scott D. . Fletcher Stack . Peggy . Utah LGBT activists, Salt Lake City mayor lament court decision in baker case; Hatch, Lee, Mormon church cheer it . The Salt Lake Tribune . 4 June 2018.
398. News: Winslow . Ben . Despite ruling on wedding cake for same-sex couple, SLC to pursue accommodation ordinance . Fox13 . KSTU . Tribune Broadcasting . 4 June 2018.
399. News: Harrie . Dan . Stephenson . Kathy . Just hours after signing nondiscrimination deal with Provo, Freedom Festival excludes LGBT groups from July 4 parade . The Salt Lake Tribune . 14 June 2018.
400. News: Utah LGBT Groups Allowed in July Fourth Parade After Uproar . The New York Times . Associated Press . 14 June 2018.
401. News: Wood . Benjamin . Excluded LGBT groups will march in July 4 parade after striking compromise with America's Freedom Festival . The Salt Lake Tribune . 14 June 2018.
402. News: Stephenson . Kathy . Provo lets freedom ring — and makes history — as it allows LGBTQ groups to march in its July 4 parade for the first time . The Salt Lake Tribune . 4 July 2018.
403. News: Stilson . Ashley . Provo Pride, PFLAG marching in Freedom Festival grand parade, not pre-parade, after kerfuffle . The Daily Herald . 3 July 2018.
404. News: Lang . Nico . Utah Freedom Parade Allows LGBTQ Groups to March If They Wear Patriotic Colors, Wave American Flags . Into . 18 June 2018.
405. News: LGBTQ group struggles for recognition at Mormon-run BYU . NBC News . The Associated Press . 5 July 2018.
406. News: Tanner . Courtney . LGBTQ students wanted to start a club. Three years later, BYU still hasn't decided if the group will be recognized. . The Salt Lake Tribune . 2 July 2018.
407. Web site: 'Church & State' documentary tries to sort truth from myth in the story of how same-sex marriage became legal in Utah. The Salt Lake Tribune. 26 June 2019.
408. Web site: Policy Changes Announced for Members in Gay Marriages, Children of LGBT Parents - Church News and Events. www.churchofjesuschrist.org. 26 June 2019.
409. Web site: The Love and Laws of God.
410. News: Fletcher Stack . Peggy . In 'dark day' for transgender Latter-day Saints, Oaks defines gender as 'biological sex at birth' . The Salt Lake Tribune . 2 Oct 2019.
411. Web site: Truth and the Plan. www.churchofjesuschrist.org. 26 June 2019.
412. Web site: Two Great Commandments. President Dallin H. Oaks First Counselor in the First. Presidency. www.churchofjesuschrist.org.
413. Web site: 2021-08-23. Elder Holland Urges BYU to Be Distinct, Stay True to Christ. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210823182527/https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/elder-jeffrey-r-holland-2021-byu-university-conference. 2021-08-23. 2021-08-25. Church Newsroom.
414. News: Watson. Michelle. 23 December 2021. Billionaire Jeff Green leaves the Mormon church, donates $600K to LGBTQ organization. 2022-01-03 . CNN.
415. News: LGBTQ dating ban at BYU probed in federal investigation . NBC News . Associated Press . 21 Jan 2022.
416. Web site: Tanner . Courtney . BYU is under federal investigation for how it disciplines LGBTQ students . The Salt Lake Tribune . 20 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220120181928if_/https://www.sltrib.com/news/education/2022/01/20/byu-is-under-federal/ . 20 January 2022 . 20 January 2022 . live.
417. News: Tanner . Courtney . LGBTQ students say hopes dashed after feds drop BYU investigation . 11 February 2022 . The Salt Lake Tribune . 10 February 2022.
418. News: Stack . Peggy Fletcher . Kemsley . Tamarra . November 15, 2022 . LDS Church comes out for federal bill that recognizes same-sex marriage . . November 15, 2022.
419. News: Metz . Sam . November 15, 2022 . Mormon church comes out in support of same-sex marriage law . . November 15, 2022.