CD2 explained

CD2 (cluster of differentiation 2) is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It has also been called T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5, LFA-2,^[1] LFA-3 receptor, erythrocyte receptor and rosette receptor.^[2]

Function

It interacts with other adhesion molecules, such as lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3/CD58) in humans, or CD48 in rodents, which are expressed on the surfaces of other cells.^[3]

In addition to its adhesive properties, CD2 also acts as a co-stimulatory molecule on T and NK cells.^[4]

Diagnostic relevance

CD2 is a specific marker for T cells and NK cells, and can therefore be used in immunohistochemistry to identify the presence of such cells in tissue sections. The great majority of T cell lymphomas and leukaemias also express CD2, making it possible to use the presence of the antigen to distinguish these conditions from B cell neoplasms.^[5]

Classification

Due to its structural characteristics, CD2 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily; it possesses two immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular portion.^[4]

Interactions

CD2 has been shown to interact with CD2BP2,^[6] Lck^[7] and PSTPIP1.^[8]

Further reading

• Sayre PH, Reinherz EL . Structure and function of the erythrocyte receptor CD2 on human T lymphocytes: a review. . Scand. J. Rheumatol. Suppl. . 76 . 131–44 . 1989 . 10.3109/03009748809102963 . 2471997 .
• Rouleau M, Mollereau B, Bernard A, Metivier D, Rosenthal-Allieri MA, Charpentier B, Senik A . CD2 induced apoptosis of peripheral T cells. . Transplant. Proc. . 29 . 5 . 2377–8 . 1997 . 9270771 . 10.1016/S0041-1345(97)00410-7 .
• Lüscher B . Function and regulation of the transcription factors of the Myc/Max/Mad network. . Gene . 277 . 1–2 . 1–14 . 2001 . 11602341 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00697-7 .
• Yang JJ, Ye Y, Carroll A, Yang W, Lee HW . Structural biology of the cell adhesion protein CD2: alternatively folded states and structure-function relation. . Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. . 2 . 1 . 1–17 . 2002 . 12369898 . 10.2174/1389203013381251 .
• Bell GM, Seaman WE, Niemi EC, Imboden JB . The OX-44 molecule couples to signaling pathways and is associated with CD2 on rat T lymphocytes and a natural killer cell line. . J. Exp. Med. . 175 . 2 . 527–36 . 1992 . 1346273 . 2119111 . 10.1084/jem.175.2.527 .
• Marie-Cardine A, Maridonneau-Parini I, Ferrer M, Danielian S, Rothhut B, Fagard R, Dautry-Varsat A, Fischer S . The lymphocyte-specific tyrosine protein kinase p56lck is endocytosed in Jurkat cells stimulated via CD2. . J. Immunol. . 148 . 12 . 3879–84 . 1992 . 10.4049/jimmunol.148.12.3879 . 1351089 . free .
• Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, Sims PJ, Bierer BE . Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59. . Science . 256 . 5065 . 1805–7 . 1992 . 1377404 . 10.1126/science.1377404 . 1992Sci...256.1805H .
• Luzzati AL, Giacomini E, Giordani L, Pugliese O, Viora M, Chersi A . The antigen-specific induction of normal human lymphocytes in vitro is down-regulated by a conserved HIV p24 epitope. . Immunol. Lett. . 33 . 3 . 307–14 . 1992 . 1385321 . 10.1016/0165-2478(92)90078-3 .
• Ruegg CL, Strand M . A synthetic peptide with sequence identity to the transmembrane protein GP41 of HIV-1 inhibits distinct lymphocyte activation pathways dependent on protein kinase C and intracellular calcium influx. . Cell. Immunol. . 137 . 1 . 1–13 . 1991 . 1832084 . 10.1016/0008-8749(91)90051-C . free .
• Schraven B, Samstag Y, Altevogt P, Meuer SC . Association of CD2 and CD45 on human T lymphocytes. . Nature . 345 . 6270 . 71–4 . 1990 . 1970422 . 10.1038/345071a0 . 1990Natur.345...71S . 23605689 .
• Samelson LE, Fletcher MC, Ledbetter JA, June CH . Activation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human T cells via the CD2 pathway. Regulation by the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase. . J. Immunol. . 145 . 8 . 2448–54 . 1990 . 10.4049/jimmunol.145.8.2448 . 1976695 . free .
• Luzzati AL, Pugliese O, Giacomini E, Giordani L, Quintieri F, Hraba T, Mach O, Krchnák V, Vágner J . Immunoregulatory effect of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a region of protein p24 of HIV. . Folia Biol. (Praha) . 36 . 1 . 71–7 . 1990 . 2111780 .
• Seed B, Aruffo A . Molecular cloning of the CD2 antigen, the T-cell erythrocyte receptor, by a rapid immunoselection procedure. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 84 . 10 . 3365–9 . 1987 . 2437578 . 304871 . 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3365 . 1987PNAS...84.3365S . free .
• Peterson A, Seed B . Monoclonal antibody and ligand binding sites of the T cell erythrocyte receptor (CD2). . Nature . 329 . 6142 . 842–6 . 1987 . 2444890 . 10.1038/329842a0 . 1987Natur.329..842P . 4315968 .
• Sayre PH, Chang HC, Hussey RE, Brown NR, Richardson NE, Spagnoli G, Clayton LK, Reinherz EL . Molecular cloning and expression of T11 cDNAs reveal a receptor-like structure on human T lymphocytes. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 84 . 9 . 2941–5 . 1987 . 2883656 . 304776 . 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2941 . 1987PNAS...84.2941S . free .
• Diamond DJ, Clayton LK, Sayre PH, Reinherz EL . Exon-intron organization and sequence comparison of human and murine T11 (CD2) genes. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 85 . 5 . 1615–9 . 1988 . 2894031 . 279824 . 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1615 . 1988PNAS...85.1615D . free .
• Lang G, Wotton D, Owen MJ, Sewell WA, Brown MH, Mason DY, Crumpton MJ, Kioussis D . The structure of the human CD2 gene and its expression in transgenic mice. . EMBO J. . 7 . 6 . 1675–82 . 1988 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02995.x . 2901953 . 457152 .
• Leca G, Boumsell L, Fabbi M, Reinherz EL, Kanellopoulos JM . The sheep erythrocyte receptor and both alpha and beta chains of the human T-lymphocyte antigen receptor bind the mitogenic lectin (phytohaemagglutinin) from Phaseolus vulgaris. . Scand. J. Immunol. . 23 . 5 . 535–44 . 1986 . 3085210 . 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01985.x . 84246845 .
• Sewell WA, Brown MH, Dunne J, Owen MJ, Crumpton MJ . Molecular cloning of the human T-lymphocyte surface CD2 (T11) antigen. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 83 . 22 . 8718–22 . 1986 . 3490670 . 387002 . 10.1073/pnas.83.22.8718 . 1986PNAS...83.8718S . free .

External links

• • Mouse CD Antigen Chart
• Human CD Antigen Chart

Notes and References

1. Sanchez-Madrid F, Krensky AM, Ware CF, Robbins E, Strominger JL, Burakoff SJ, Springer TA . Three distinct antigens associated with human T-lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis: LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3 . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 79 . 23 . 7489–93 . 1982 . 6984191 . 347365 . 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7489 . 1982PNAS...79.7489S . free .
2. http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/niceprot.pl?P06729 Uniprot database entry for CD2 (accession number P06729)
3. Wilkins AL, Yang W, Yang JJ . Structural biology of the cell adhesion protein CD2: from molecular recognition to protein folding and design . Curr Protein Pept Sci . 4 . 5 . 367–73 . 2003 . 14529530 . 10.2174/1389203033487063 .
4. Yang JJ, Ye Y, Carroll A, Yang W, Lee HW . Structural biology of the cell adhesion protein CD2: alternatively folded states and structure-function relation . Curr Protein Pept Sci . 2 . 1 . 1–17 . 2001 . 12369898 . 10.2174/1389203013381251 .
5. Book: Leong, Anthony S-Y. Cooper, Kumarason. Leong, F Joel W-M. 2003. Manual of Diagnostic Cytology. 2. Greenwich Medical Media, Ltd.. 61. 978-1-84110-100-2.
6. Nishizawa K, Freund C, Li J, Wagner G, Reinherz EL . Identification of a proline-binding motif regulating CD2-triggered T lymphocyte activation . . 95 . 25 . 14897–902 . December 1998 . 9843987 . 24547 . 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14897 . 1998PNAS...9514897N . free .
7. Bell GM, Fargnoli J, Bolen JB, Kish L, Imboden JB . The SH3 domain of p56lck binds to proline-rich sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of CD2 . . 183 . 1 . 169–78 . January 1996 . 8551220 . 2192399 . 10.1084/jem.183.1.169 .
8. Li J, Nishizawa K, An W, Hussey RE, Lialios FE, Salgia R, Sunder-Plassmann R, Reinherz EL . A cdc15-like adaptor protein (CD2BP1) interacts with the CD2 cytoplasmic domain and regulates CD2-triggered adhesion . EMBO J. . 17 . 24 . 7320–36 . December 1998 . 9857189 . 1171078 . 10.1093/emboj/17.24.7320 .