LAIR1 explained

Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAIR1 gene.^{[1] [2]} LAIR1 has also been designated as CD305 (cluster of differentiation 305).

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is an inhibitory receptor found on peripheral mononuclear cells, including NK cells, T cells, and B cells.^[3] Inhibitory receptors regulate the immune response to prevent lysis of cells recognized as self. The gene is a member of both the immunoglobulin superfamily and the leukocyte-associated inhibitory receptor family. The gene maps to a region of 19q13.4 called the leukocyte receptor cluster, which contains at least 29 genes encoding leukocyte-expressed receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily.

Interactions

LAIR1 has been shown to interact with PTPN11^[4] and PTPN6.^{[1] [4] [5] [6] [7]}

Further reading

• Sinclair NR . Why so many coinhibitory receptors? . Scand. J. Immunol. . 50 . 1 . 10–3 . 1999 . 10404045 . 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00580.x . 10345478 . free .
• Book: Meyaard L . LAIR-1, a Widely Distributed Human ITIM-Bearing Receptor on Hematopoietic Cells . Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibition Motifs . Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology . 244 . 151–7 . 1999 . 10453657 . 10.1007/978-3-642-58537-1_13 . 978-3-540-65789-7 . Current Topics in Microbiology 244 and Immunology .
• Meyaard L . Leukocyte associated Ig-like receptor (LAIR) . J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents . 17 . 4 . 330–3 . 2004 . 15065762 .
• Poggi A, Tomasello E, Ferrero E, Zocchi MR, Moretta L . p40/LAIR-1 regulates the differentiation of peripheral blood precursors to dendritic cells induced by granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor . Eur. J. Immunol. . 28 . 7 . 2086–91 . 1998 . 9692876 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199807)28:07<2086::AID-IMMU2086>3.0.CO;2-T . 21655416 . free .
• Meyaard L, Hurenkamp J, Clevers H, Lanier LL, Phillips JH . Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 functions as an inhibitory receptor on cytotoxic T cells . J. Immunol. . 162 . 10 . 5800–4 . 1999 . 10.4049/jimmunol.162.10.5800 . 10229813 . 14882830 . free .
• Poggi A, Pellegatta F, Leone BE, Moretta L, Zocchi MR . Engagement of the leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 induces programmed cell death and prevents NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in human myeloid leukemias . Eur. J. Immunol. . 30 . 10 . 2751–8 . 2000 . 11069054 . 10.1002/1521-4141(200010)30:10<2751::AID-IMMU2751>3.0.CO;2-L . free .
• Sathish JG, Johnson KG, Fuller KJ, LeRoy FG, Meyaard L, Sims MJ, Matthews RJ . Constitutive association of SHP-1 with leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 in human T cells . J. Immunol. . 166 . 3 . 1763–70 . 2001 . 11160222 . 10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.1763 . free .
• Saverino D, Fabbi M, Merlo A, Ravera G, Grossi CE, Ciccone E . Surface density expression of the leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 is directly related to inhibition of human T-cell functions . Hum. Immunol. . 63 . 7 . 534–46 . 2002 . 12072189 . 10.1016/S0198-8859(02)00409-3 .
• Aoukaty A, Lee IF, Wu J, Tan R . Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with low expression of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) on natural killer cells . J. Clin. Immunol. . 23 . 2 . 141–5 . 2003 . 12757266 . 10.1023/A:1022580929226 . 31461585 .
• Verbrugge A, de Ruiter T, Clevers H, Meyaard L . Differential contribution of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs of human leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 to inhibitory function and phosphatase recruitment . Int. Immunol. . 15 . 11 . 1349–58 . 2003 . 14565933 . 10.1093/intimm/dxg134 .
• De Milito A, Nilsson A, Titanji K, Thorstensson R, Reizenstein E, Narita M, Grutzmeier S, Sönnerborg A, Chiodi F . Mechanisms of hypergammaglobulinemia and impaired antigen-specific humoral immunity in HIV-1 infection . Blood . 103 . 6 . 2180–6 . 2004 . 14604962 . 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2375 . free .

Notes and References

1. Meyaard L, Adema GJ, Chang C, Woollatt E, Sutherland GR, Lanier LL, Phillips JH . Grant Robert Sutherland . LAIR-1, a novel inhibitory receptor expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes . Immunity . 7 . 2 . 283–90 . September 1997 . 9285412 . 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80530-0 . free . 2066/26173 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: LAIR1 leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1.
3. van der Vuurst de Vries AR, Clevers H, Logtenberg T, Meyaard L . Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is differentially expressed during human B cell differentiation and inhibits B cell receptor-mediated signaling . European Journal of Immunology . 29 . 10 . 3160–7 . October 1999 . 10540327 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199910)29:10<3160::AID-IMMU3160>3.0.CO;2-S . free .
4. Fournier N, Chalus L, Durand I, Garcia E, Pin JJ, Churakova T, Patel S, Zlot C, Gorman D, Zurawski S, Abrams J, Bates EE, Garrone P . FDF03, a novel inhibitory receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is expressed by human dendritic and myeloid cells . J. Immunol. . 165 . 3 . 1197–209 . August 2000 . 10903717 . 10.4049/jimmunol.165.3.1197 . free .
5. Sathish JG, Johnson KG, Fuller KJ, LeRoy FG, Meyaard L, Sims MJ, Matthews RJ . Constitutive association of SHP-1 with leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 in human T cells . J. Immunol. . 166 . 3 . 1763–70 . February 2001 . 11160222 . 10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.1763 . free .
6. Mousseau DD, Banville D, L'Abbé D, Bouchard P, Shen SH . PILRalpha, a novel immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-bearing protein, recruits SHP-1 upon tyrosine phosphorylation and is paired with the truncated counterpart PILRbeta . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 6 . 4467–74 . February 2000 . 10660620 . 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4467 . free .
7. ((Xu Mj)), Zhao R, Zhao ZJ . Identification and characterization of leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 as a major anchor protein of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in hematopoietic cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 23 . 17440–6 . June 2000 . 10764762 . 10.1074/jbc.M001313200 . free .