| Green Island | |
| Native Name: | Sanasai |
| Native Name Lang: | Amis |
| Nickname: | --> |
| Pushpin Map: | Taiwan |
| Pushpin Label: | Green I. |
| Pushpin Relief: | yes |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Green Island in Taiwan |
| Coordinates: | 22.6667°N 121.483°W |
| Location: | Philippine Sea |
| Area Km2: | 15.092 |
| Length M: | --> |
| Width M: | --> |
| Coastline M: | --> |
| Country: | Republic of China |
| Country Admin Divisions Title: | Township |
| Country Admin Divisions: | Lyudao |
| Country Admin Divisions Title 1: | County |
| Country Admin Divisions 1: | Taitung |
| Country Admin Divisions Title 2: | Province |
| Country Admin Divisions 2: | Taiwan (nominal) |
| Ethnic Groups: | Amis, Han |
| Green Island | |
| Pic: | File:Taitou ryokutoukyou.svg |
| Piccap: | Lyudao Township in Taitung County |
| L: | "Green Island" |
| P: | Lǜdǎo Lǜ Dǎo |
| W: | Lü-tao Lü Tao |
| Tp: | Lyudao |
| Bpmf: | ㄌㄩˋ ㄉㄠˇ |
| Gr: | Liuhdao Liuh Dao |
| Mps: | Liùdǎu Liù Dǎu |
| Myr: | Lyùdǎu Lyù Dǎu |
| Poj: | Le̍k-tó Le̍k Tó |
| Tl: | Li̍k-tó Li̍k Tó |
| Hiragana: | りょくとう |
| Romaji: | Ryoku-tō |
| Showflag: | ppoj |
| Bonfire Island | |
| Pic: | File:Lu-tao lighthouse.JPG |
| Piccap: | Lüdao Lighthouse, east of the airport |
| P: | Huǒshāodǎo Huǒshāo Dǎo |
| W: | Huo-shao Tao |
| Gr: | Huooshau Dao |
| Mps: | Huǒshāu Dǎu |
| Bpmf: | ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄕㄠ ㄉㄠˇ |
| Myr: | Hwǒshāu Dǎu |
| Tp: | Huǒshaodǎo Huǒshao Dǎo |
| Tl: | Hué-sio-tó Hué-sio Tó |
| Poj: | Hóe-sio-tó Hóe-sio Tó |
| P2: | Huǒshāoyǔ Huǒshāo Yǔ |
| W2: | Huo-shao Yü |
| Gr2: | Huooshau Yeu |
| Mps2: | Huǒshāu Yǔ |
| Bpmf2: | ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄕㄠ ㄩˇ |
| Myr2: | Hwǒshāu Yǔ |
| Tp2: | Huǒshaoyǔ Huǒshao Yǔ |
| Poj2: | Hóe-sio-sū |
| Tl2: | Hué-sio-sū |
| Hiragana: | かしょうとう |
| Romaji: | Kashō-tō |
| Showflag: | ppoj |
Green Island, also known by other names, is a small volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean about 33sp=usNaNsp=us off the eastern coast of the main island of Taiwan. It is 15.092abbr=onNaNabbr=on at high tide and 17.329abbr=onNaNabbr=on at low tide, making it the seventh-largest island in Taiwan. The island is administered as,[1] [2] a rural township of Taitung County and one of the county's two insular townships (the other being Lanyu Township). The island once served as a penal colony for political prisoners during Taiwan's period of martial law, although today it is primarily known as a tourist hotspot.
The island was known as Sama-Sana,[3] Samasana and as in the 19th and early 20th centuries, a transcription of its Amis name Sanasai.
The name "Green Island" is a calque of the island's Chinese name, written in traditional characters. It is also known as Lyudao, Lüdao or from the pinyin romanization of the name's Mandarin pronunciation; as [4] from its Wade-Giles romanization; and as from its Hokkien pronunciation. The name was adopted by the Republic of China on August 1, 1949, at the behest of Huang Shih-hung, the magistrate of Taitung.
Before that, it was usually known as (or Huoshao), a calque of its original Chinese name Huǒshāo Dǎo
The island was originally inhabited by the aboriginal Amis people.
In March 1864 the British brig Susan Douglas was swept off course and wrecked on the island.[5] Her captain then sailed by junk from the island to Kaohsiung,[5] and the Royal Navy gunboat HMS Bustard found and rescued the remainder of the survivors.[6] [7]
In the early 1870s, William Campbell saw the island from aboard the Daphne, and wrote:[8]
On 11 December 1937 the Dollar Steamship Company luxury ocean liner ran aground in a typhoon on a reef at Zhongliao Bay.[9] All 503 passengers and 330 crew survived and were safely brought ashore.[9] Over the next few days the cargo liners SS President McKinley and SS President Pierce took the survivors off the island, helped by boats provided by the and an Imperial Japanese Navy destroyer.[9] Dollar Lines sold President Hoovers wreck to a Japanese salvage company, which spent the next three years breaking her up in situ.[9]
In response to the wreck, members of the US public gave money through the American Red Cross for a lighthouse to be built near Zhongliao village.[5] Lyudao or Lüdao Lighthouse was designed by Japanese engineers, built by local islanders in 1938[5] and is high.[10]
A shipwreck of Dutch origin dating to the 19th century was found in June 2013.[11]
Green Island first served as an isolated spot and place of exile for political prisoners during the martial law period during the Kuomintang government, and especially in the White Terror. After their release, many of the prisoners jailed between the late 1940s and the late 1980s went on to establish the Democratic Progressive Party, most notably Shih Ming-teh. Writer and political dissident Bo Yang served his prison terms there.
The place where most of the political prisoners (such as Shih Ming-teh) were held was "Green Island Lodge" (Lǜ Dǎo Shānzhuāng). "Oasis Village" was the main penal colony. The prison was later closed, and its interior is now open to the public. "Green Island Prison" (Lǜdǎo Jiānyù) is also on the island and has housed prisoners considered to be among Taiwan's most dangerous criminals and gangsters. However, this has changed in recent years.
The island is formed of volcanic tholeiite, andesite, and volcanic explosive fragments with an area of 15 km2.[12] The volcano erupted from the Pliocene to Pleistocene epochs and is part of the Luzon Volcanic Arc. Magma was formed by subduction of oceanic crust at a depth of about . The andesite rock contains some visible crystals of pyroxene or amphibole. The geochemistry of the rock shows it is enriched in potassium, strontium and rubidium and light rare earth elements. Chromium and nickel are depleted.[13]
The island is a habitat for Formosan sika deer, Reeves's muntjacs, Ryukyu flying foxes, and resident and migratory birds.[14]
In 1995 fewer than half of the registered 2,634 residents of the island actually lived on the island. The population is dwindling due to the difficulty of finding jobs on the island. The island has two pre-schools, one kindergarten, two elementary schools and one middle school. To pursue any education at the senior high school level or above, islanders must move to the main island of Taiwan. Public service centres include one seniors' home, one library, and one community centre.
The villages and the settlements (聚落) they administer are:
The following abandoned aboriginal tribal settlements also belong to Gongguan Village:
The island is powered by its only diesel-fired power plant with a capacity of 29.1 MW, consisting of 28 units of generation.[15]
Lüdao Airport provides flights to Taitung Airport in Taitung City. There are also ferries travelling from Nanliao Harbor to Fugang Fishery Harbor in Taitung City.[16]
Green island is a subject in the following book: