| Löyöp | |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /løjøp/ |
| States: | Vanuatu |
| Region: | Ureparapara, formerly Rowa Islands |
| Speakers: | 240 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| Familycolor: | Austronesian |
| Fam3: | Oceanic |
| Fam4: | Southern Oceanic |
| Fam5: | North-Central Vanuatu |
| Fam6: | North Vanuatu |
| Fam7: | Torres-Banks |
| Iso3: | urr |
| Glotto: | leha1244 |
| Glottorefname: | Lehalurup |
| Map: | Lang Status 80-VU.svg |
Löyöp pronounced as /[løjøp]/ (formerly known as Lehalurup) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 240 people, on the east coast of Ureparapara Island in the Banks Islands of Vanuatu.[1] [2] It is distinct from Lehali, the language spoken on the west coast of the same island.
The language was originally native to the Rowa Islands, having been brought to Ureparapara around the 1930s when a tsunami struck the Reef Islands and forced the speakers to relocate.[3]
It’s considered a vulnerable language by UNESCO.
The name Löyöp pronounced as /løjøp/ used since 2009[4] refers to the area called "Divers' Bay" in English, in the eastern part of Ureparapara. It derives from a Proto-Torres-Banks form *loroβi, though no cognates in other languages exist. The now-deprecated name Lehalurup once used by certain authors (e.g. Tryon) is likely a result from a transcription error, possibly under the influence of neighboring Lehali.
Löyöp phonemically contrasts 16 consonants and 11 vowels.[5]
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ (m̄) | pronounced as /link/ (m) | pronounced as /link/ (n) | pronounced as /link/ (n̄) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | pronounced as /link/pronounced as /link/ (q) | pronounced as /link/ (p) | pronounced as /link/ (t) | pronounced as /link/ (j) | pronounced as /link/ (k) | |
| prenasalized | pronounced as /link/ (d) | ||||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ (v) | pronounced as /link/ (s) | pronounced as /link/ (g) | ||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /link/ (w) | pronounced as /link/ (l) | pronounced as /link/ (y) | ||||
These are ten short monophthongs pronounced as //i ɪ ɛ æ a œ ø y ɔ ʊ//, and one diphthong pronounced as //i͡ɛ//.
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | round | |||
| Close | pronounced as /link/ (i) | pronounced as /link/ (u) | ||
| Near-close | pronounced as /link/ (ē) | pronounced as /link/ (ö) | pronounced as /link/ (ō) | |
| Open-mid | pronounced as /link/ (e) | pronounced as /link/ (ë) | pronounced as /link/ (o) | |
| Near-open | pronounced as /link/ (ä) | |||
| Open | pronounced as /link/ (a) | |||
The system of personal pronouns in Löyöp contrasts clusivity, and distinguishes four numbers (singular, dual, trial, plural).[6]
Spatial reference in Löyöp is based on a system of geocentric (absolute) directionals, which is in part typical of Oceanic languages, and yet innovative.[7]